Nitrous acid. Chemical da jiki Properties

Nitrous acid - mai rauni monobasic acid, wanda zai iya zama ba fãce a cikin tsarma ruwa-ruwa mafita da kuma shudi a cikin gas form. Wannan ake kira nitrite gishiri ko nitrite. Su ne mai guba, kuma mafi barga fiye da acid kanta. A sunadarai dabara da wannan abu ne kamar haka: HNO2.

Jiki Properties:
1. matauni taro ne 47 g / mol.
2. A zumunta kwayoyin nauyi ne 27 amu
3. Yawa ne 1.6.
4. The narkewa batu ne 42 digiri.
5. A tafasar batu ne 158 digiri.

Chemical Properties na nitrous acid

1. Idan mai nitrous acid bayani ne mai tsanani, akwai zai zama da wadannan sinadaran dauki:
3HNO2 (nitrous acid) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2NO (nitric oxide da aka saki a matsayin gas) + H2O (ruwa)

2. The ruwa-ruwa bayani dissociates da kuma sauƙi gudun hijira daga salts da karfi acid:
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2NaNO2 (sodium nitrite) = Na2SO4 (sodium sulphate) + 2HNO2 (nitrous acid)

3. The batun kwayoyin halitta za mu iya zama duka wani oxidizing da rage Properties. Lokacin da fallasa su da wani karfi oxidizing jamiái (misali, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, potassium permanganate) aka oxidized zuwa nitric acid (a wasu lokuta da samuwar nitric acid salts):

Rage Properties:

HNO2 (nitrous acid) + H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + H2O (ruwa)
HNO2 + Cl2 (chlorine) + H2O (ruwa) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid)
5HNO2 (nitrous acid) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (manganese nitrate, nitric acid gishiri) + HNO3 (nitric acid) + 3H2O (ruwa)

Oxidizing Properties:

2HNO2 (nitrous acid) + 2HI = 2NO (oxygen oxide, a wani gas) + I2 (aidin) + 2H2O (ruwa)

Shiri na nitrite

Wannan abu za a iya samu a hanyoyi da dama:

1. Lokacin da narkar da nitric oxide (III) a cikin ruwa:

N2O3 (nitrogen oxide) + H2O (ruwa) = 2HNO3 (nitrous acid)

2. Lokacin da narkar da nitric oxide (IV) a cikin ruwa:
2NO3 (nitrogen oxide) + H2O (ruwa) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + HNO2 (nitrous acid)

Yi amfani da nitrous acid:
- diazotizing aromatic farko amines.
- samar da diazonium salts.
- a cikin kira na gudanar da mahadi (msl, domin samar da kwayoyin dyes).

Exposure zuwa nitrous acid a jiki

The abu ne mai guba, yana mai haske mutagenic sakamako, kamar yadda gaske ne deaminated wakili.

Mene ne nitrites

Nitrite - ne daban-daban salts na nitrous acid. K zuwa yanayin zafi ne kasa barga fiye da nitrates. Da ake bukata a cikin yi da wasu dyes. Amfani da magani.

Na musamman muhimmancin zuwa adam samu sodium nitrite. Wannan abu yana da dabara NaNO2. Yana amfani da matsayin hana aifuwa na maza a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci a yi na kayayyakin daga kifi da nama. Yana da wani foda na tsarki da fari ko dan kadan yellowish. Sodium nitrite hygroscopic (fãce waɗanda aka tsarkake sodium nitrite) da kuma kyau narkar da a H2O (ruwa). A cikin iska ne iya hankali oxidize sodium nitrate, yana da karfi da rage Properties.

Sodium nitrite da ake amfani a cikin:
- sinadaran kira: kafin su sami wani diazo Amine mahadi don kashe haddi sodium azide don samar da oxygen, nitrogen oxide, sodium da kuma sodium, ga sha na carbon dioxide.
- Production abinci (abinci ƙari E250) a matsayin antioxidant da wani antibacterial wakili.
- Construction: kamar yadda maganin daskarewa ƙari ga kankare Tsarin a yi na yi kayayyakin da, a cikin kira na gudanar da mahadi a matsayin yanayi lalata hanawa, a yi na rubbers, poppers, bayani Additives domin bama-bamai. lokacin da karfe da aka bi don cire tin Layer kuma ga phosphating.
- a hotuna: matsayin antioxidant da wani reagent.
- a ilmin halitta da kuma magani: a vasodilator, antispasmodic, laxative, bronchodilator. a matsayin maganin guba domin guba dabba ko mutum cyanides.

An yanzu ma amfani da wasu salts na nitrous acid (msl, potassium nitrite).