Nau'in na magunguna iri iri, da hanyoyin yin amfani da

Har XIX karni, mafi yawan m ayyukan ƙare a haƙuri mutuwar daga likita ma'aikatan na daukar kwayar cutar cututtuka. Abin farin, irin wannan nasara magani a matsayin maganin antiseptik, ya rage yawan mace-macen da septicopyemia zuwa m. Modern tiyata cikin nasara yana amfani da daban-daban na magunguna iri iri, wanda muka bayyana, a wannan labarin.

Mene ne antiseptic da kuma abin da yake da shi ga?

Game da dangantakar da pathogenic microbes surkin jini raunuka gane mafi tsoho likitoci a sume amfani da halitta sinadaran da anti-mai kumburi Properties. Duk da haka, don gaske yaƙi da m cututtuka fara ne a cikin biyu da rabi na XIX karni, a lokacin da Turanci likita Yahaya. Lister buga wata kasida a cikin abin da Ya bayyana Hanyar bude karaya magani da 5% carbolic acid bayani. Tun daga nan, wani sabon zamanin a tiyata, inda raya magani akwai sabon iri magunguna iri iri.

Antiseptic a zamani sharuddan yana nufin a sa na matakan da magudi, da manufar wanda ya hallaka kananan kwayoyin halitta da kuma su spores da gubobi a kyallen takarda da Macro-kwayoyin. Tare da wannan tiyata ne na bayar da muhimmanci, da kalmar "aseptic", wanda ke nufin wani sa na matakan hana cin gaban pathogenic kwayoyin cuta a cikin raunuka. aseptic dabaru kuma sun hada da sterilization daga m kayan da na'urorin haɗi. Kazalika da gano maganin sa barci da kuma jini kungiyoyin, bude tiyata a cikin XIX karni iri aseptic da antiseptic zama daya daga cikin muhimman likita advancements na lokaci. Tun wannan lokaci ne likitoci sun zama ƙara dauke yi har yanzu m (kusan 100% ethyl m) ake gudanar a kan thorax da ciki.

The main iri magunguna iri iri a zamani magani

Asepsis, ba shakka, shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci a tiyata kuma sau da yawa bukatar ƙarin matakan, duk da haka, kwarewa ya nuna cewa wani cikakken kin amincewa da aseptic magudi zai yiwu ba. Nau'in na magunguna iri iri a cikin magani za a iya raba ta da yanayin da hanyoyin da kuma Hanyar aikace-aikace. A farkon yanayin, da yawan iri magunguna iri iri sun hada da:

• Inji antiseptic.
• Jiki.
• Chemical.
• Halittu.
• Gauraye.

Bisa ga Hanyar aikace-aikace na sinadaran da nazarin halittu jinsunan magunguna iri iri kasu kashi:

• Topically a cikin nau'i na lura da duk wani musamman sashi na jiki. Topical magunguna iri iri na iya zama na waje da kuma zurfi. Surface kwakwalwa bayan gida raunuka da kuma raunuka (wanka bayani, magani powders, man shafawa, compresses) da kuma zurfin antiseptic - shi ne gwamnatin sinadaran da nazarin halittu antiinfective kwayoyi da allura.
• Total, yana ambaton jikewa jiko jiki via da jini da kuma Lymph antiseptic shirye-shirye (igiyar jini jiko).

inji antiseptic

Inji antiseptic yi amfani da m kida kuma ya hada da:

• Bayan gida ji rauni nama site: tsarkakewa raunuka na jini clots da kuma gaban ruɓaɓɓen jini.
• Preprocessing: idan ya cancanta, yanke gefuna da kasa na ciwo, kau na waje jikinsu da kuma nonviable nama sassan, m sutures.
• Secondary aiki aka yi a lokacin da wani dauke da kwayar cutar kumburi da kuma raunin da ya shafi maimaita incision rauni magudanun ruwa na surkin jini mugunya kau, fibrin da matattu nama.

jiki antiseptic

Jiki antiseptic hada da hadaddun matakan hana ci gaban da pathogenic microbes da su abinci fahimta haƙuri m kyallen takarda. Jiki magunguna iri iri iri raunuka hada da wadannan jamiái:

• Absorbent dressings domin jawo fitar mugunya rauni moriya ga da ake dasu girma. Wannan rukuni na magunguna iri iri sun hada da: auduga, bandeji, Yana shãfe.
• Hypertonic mafita aka yi amfani a hade tare da wani miya.
• Draining nufin aiki a kan tushen sadarwa tasoshi, da hanyar kunshi a wanke rauni ruwa.
• Fasaha na nufin a cikin nau'i na duban dan tayi, ultraviolet, X-ray, Laser da oxygenation. Dukan wadannan hanyoyin samun mummunan tasiri a kan ci gaban pathogenic kwayoyin cuta da high dace.

Chemical antiseptic

By da sinadaran antiseptic hada da matakan da ya hallaka germs a cikin rauni da kuma haƙuri ta jiki da taimakon sunadarai jamiái, daga cikinsu:

• Disinfectants ana amfani da aseptic handling daga m kida, dabe saman, ganuwar, da dai sauransu ..
• Chemical preservatives ana amfani da Topical aikace-aikace, da kuma hada da iri daban-daban fata magunguna iri iri a cikin nau'i na Alkali, gishiri mafita, acid, oxidizers, da dai sauransu .. D. An yi amfani da irin wannan hanyar ne m bakan antibacterial aiki, low juriya na pathogenic microorganisms da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma yiwuwar dogon ajiya da kuma rashin gagarumin gefen halayen.
• Jiyyar cutar sankara kwayoyi amfani ga warkewa, ko m dalilai da kuma gabatar roba preservatives. Da suppressive sakamako a kan microbes ba kawai a shafa kyallen takarda na haƙuri, amma a cikin dukan jikinsa. Musamman dacewa a lokuta da kumburi yada fiye da shafin na kamuwa da cuta. Jiyyar cutar sankara kwayoyi masu muhimmanci da a magani, ba wai kawai saboda su m bakan da aikin (t. E. The ikon kashe daban-daban iri kwayoyin), amma su kunkuntar mayar da hankali.

nazarin halittu antiseptic

Halittu antiseptic hada da hanyar nazarin halittu asalin da suke da iya aiki da biyu kai tsaye a kan kwayoyin da kuma a kaikaice. A nazarin halittu magunguna iri iri sun hada da:

• Maganin rigakafi ne na nazarin halittu asalin samar da wasu kwayoyin cuta, fungi. Daban-daban na maganin rigakafi iya duka biyu samar da hanawa na kwayan girma, da kuma taimakawa wajen da cikakken halakar microbes.
• Toxoids wasu cututtuka jamiái gudanar don m mutane wajen samar da kariyar da ya karu.
• Bacteriophage - wani virus (sau da yawa ake magana a kai masu cin kwayoyin), kananan kwayoyin iya lalata da ciki.
• Nonspecific immunostimulants (interferons, interleukins).

mixed antiseptic

Hada amfani da maganin antiseptik dabaru da kayayyakin aiki, daga dukan nau'i na magunguna iri iri a cikin tara. Ana amfani da a hade nufin:

• Inorganic magunguna iri iri.
• Roba analogues na nazarin halittu jamiái.
• Synthetically samar kwayoyin kayan.

Nau'in na magunguna iri iri ga itace da sauran gine-gine da kayayyakin

Daban-daban kwayoyin iya haifar da lalata da kuma bazuwar matakai, ba kawai a cikin mutane da dabbobi, amma kuma a cikin kayan gini, kamar itace. Don kare itace kayayyakin a ciki da kuma na waje lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da kuma iyali fungi, amfani a yi daban-daban na itace magungunan adana. Suna iya zama:

• Inorganic magunguna iri iri ana gabatar da ma'adinai tushe da kuma karfe salts, yadda ya kamata hallaka dukan kwari a kan labarin na itace. Wannan kungiyar hada da mafita daga sodium fluoride, ammonium silicofluoride da sodium silicofluoride da ammonium.
• Organic magunguna iri iri - shi ne mai guba abubuwa sau da yawa mai tushen (creosote, carbonization, anthracene mai, shale, da dai sauransu).
• Hada magunguna iri iri kunshi biyu ko fiye da guba abubuwa. Misalai: hlorodon, trichlorfon, phenol, karbolenium.