Nau'in mutum gidajen abinci. Nau'in gidajen abinci a cikin tsarin

Gidajen abinci kira mobile raka'a daban-daban ƙasũsuwa. A halayyar bambanci daga wasu siffofin na hada daban-daban abubuwa a cikin kwarangwal tsarin da jikin mutum shi ne kasancewar wani musamman rami cike da ruwa. Kowane hadin gwiwa kunshi dama sassa:

• guringuntsi (hyaline fãce fili da na boko mandibular kashi) surface.
• kwantena.
• kogo.
• synovial ruwa.

A general manufar mutum gidajen abinci

A kauri daga cikin guringuntsi Layer iya bambanta daga bakin ciki sosai, game da 0.2 mm lokacin farin ciki isa zuwa - game 6 mm. Wannan gagarumin bambancin ne m da aikin aza a kan hadin gwiwa. A mafi girma da matsa lamba, da kuma ta tafi-da-gidanka, da thicker hyaline surface.

Nau'in mutum gidajen abinci ya shafi rarraba su a cikin da dama m kungiyoyin gano irin wannan alamar. Akwai wajen:

• da yawan saman - sauki, hadaddun, a hade, Hadakar.
• a kan juyawa da gatura - uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial.
• siffar - cylindrical, trochlear, helical, ellipsoidal, condylar, saddles, mai siffar zobe, lebur.
• a kan yiwuwar motsi.

A iri-iri na haduwa

Daban-daban guringuntsi surface cewa aiki juna, ayyana sauki ko wuya daga cikin tsarin da fili. Nau'in gidajen abinci (ga tebur a fannin Anatomy) ba ka damar gudanar da wani rabo a cikin sauki, hadaddun, hade, hadaddun.

Simple - halin da gaban da biyu guringuntsi saman, kuma suna iya kafa ta biyu ko fiye da ƙasũsuwa. A matsayin misali, babba reshe gidajen abinci: phalangeal da kuma wuyan hannu. A farko daga gare su ne kafa biyu ƙasũsuwa. Na biyu - shi ne mafi rikitarwa. Daya surface na da wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa shi ne tushen dama daga cikin kasusuwa guda uku na proximal carpal jere.

Complex - kafa na uku ko fiye saman, sanya shi a cikin daya kwantena. A gaskiya, shi ne 'yan sauki gidajen abinci, iya aiki duka biyu tare kuma dabam. Alal misali, gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa yana da yawa kamar yadda shida saman. Sun samar da uku m fili a guda kwantena.

Wasu gidajen abinci a cikin tsari, a Bugu da kari ga main, da ƙarin na'urorin, kamar woje ko menisci. Nau'in gidajen abinci yana nufin su kamar yadda hadaddun. Woje raba da hadin gwiwa rami ya shiga kashi biyu, fiili wani "benaye" connection. Menisci ne daga cikin irin wani jinjirin wata. Dukansu na'urorin samar da layin m siffofin guringuntsi a cikin hadin gwiwa kwantena zumunta da juna.

Nau'in gidajen abinci a cikin tsarin allocates irin wannan abu a matsayin hada. Wannan yana nufin cewa biyu raba sadarwa, kasancewa m, iya aiki na musamman tare. A misali na irin wannan synergism za a iya kira da dama da hagu temporomandibular gidajen abinci.

rotatable

Hadin gwiwa mahadi samar da yanayi, girma da kuma yanayin da kashi na mutum kwarangwal motsi. Biomechanical juyawa faruwa game da gatura da cewa zai iya zama mahara. Daga cikin su akwai tsaye, sagittal da kuma mai gangara. Nau'in gidajen abinci a kan tushen da gano da dama jinsunan.

• Uniaxial - da guda axis na juyawa. Alal misali, interphalangeal gidajen abinci da damar lankwashewa da tsawo na yatsunsu da sauran ƙungiyoyi ne ba zai yiwu.
• Dairy - gaturra biyu na juyawa. A misali ne a wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa.
• Triaxial - motsi a duk yiwu jirage - kafada, hip gidajen abinci.

A iri-iri siffofin

Nau'in gidajen abinci a kan siffofin ne quite m. Kowane connection ne evolutionarily Fit, don rage kaya da kuma kara da aikin karfi.

• Cylindrical. Yana yana da guda axis na juyawa - a tsaye. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa akwai cylindrical gidajen abinci tare da wani ajali cibiyar kewaye da wanda revolves da zobe (Atlanta-axis), da kuma mataimakin versa, kamar yadda a cikin radioulnar hadin gwiwa.
• Ginglymoid - uniaxial hadin gwiwa. The title ne kai tsaye determinant na da tsarin. Daya surface yana da wani tsefe siffar, wanda aka hada da na biyu tsagi guringuntsi, game da shi, kafa kulle (interphalangeal gidajen abinci).
• Karkace. Wata irin ginglymoid connection. Yana yana daya aksali da kuma wani ƙarin helical biya diyya. An misali ne da gwiwar hannu.

• Ellipsoid - rotates a kan gaturra biyu - a tsaye da kuma sagittal. Movement a cikin wannan hadin gwiwa sa lankwashewa, tsawo, adduction da sata (wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa).
• Condylar. Biaxial hadin gwiwa. Its siffar ne na ƙwarai guringuntsi karfi convex surface a gefe daya da kuma lebur a kan sauran. A karshe a kananan ciki za a iya lura. A mafi kauce misali - gwiwa hadin gwiwa. Nau'in tana misalin da sauran mahadi condylar siffar. Alal misali, temporomandibular hadin gwiwa.
• Sirdi. An kafa ta biyu saman - convex da concave. Kafa hadin gwiwa da aka iya motsa tare da gatari biyu - da frontal da sagittal. A Firayim misali zai zama wani metacarpal-phalangeal fili yatsa.

Daya daga cikin mafi m, a cikin jiki - da hip hadin gwiwa. Nau'in kira shi spheroidal. Shi yana da halayyar siffar. Movement ne da za'ayi a cewar uku daban-daban da gatura. Daya iri-iri ne wani mai siffar zobe kofin-dimbin yawa hadin gwiwa. Yana yana da ƙananan mawadãta daga yiwu ƙungiyoyi.

Nau'in ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci bambanta su rabo da sashen. Alal misali, da bel na ƙananan ko babba wata gabar jiki, kwanyar, kashin baya. A karshen kunshi kananan kasusuwa - vertebrae. Gidajen abinci tsakanin su ne lebur, m amma iya motsi tare uku da gatura.

Articular fili na boko kashi da mandibular

Wannan hadin gwiwa ne a hada da Hadakar. The motsi na faruwa lokaci guda a kan dama da hagu. Yana iya zama kowace axis. Wannan an tabbatar da karbuwa daga cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi da daukan taban da magana. hadin gwiwa kogo aka bisected ta fibrous guringuntsi faifai wanda ake spliced ga hadin gwiwa kwantena.

Aching gidajen abinci?

Gidajen abinci a jikin mutum da wani muhimmin aiki - motsi. Idan sun kasance m, da mawadãta daga cikin aikin ba gaji da damuwa. Rayuwa ba tare da ji zafi da rashin jin daɗi ne yafi dadi fiye da tare da su.

Akwai daban-daban cututtuka na gidajen abinci. Nau'in ya raba su a cikin kungiyoyin na musamman cututtuka, tsari mawuyaci da yanayin da ya kwarara (m, subacute, na kullum). Pathologically rarrabe:

• arthralgia (hadin gwiwa zafi gyarawa ko maras tabbas halitta).
• amosanin gabbai (kumburi).
• arthrosis (degenerative komowar canje-canje).
• nakasar cututtuka.

amosanin gabbai

A manyan yawan cututtuka da shafi reference na'urar, haddasa hanawa na hadin gwiwa aiki. Nau'in amosanin gabbai allocates dauke da kwayar cutar, wadanda ba dauke da kwayar cutar, traumatic da related (sauran cututtuka). A cikakken jerin amince a shekarar 1958 a Congress of Rheumatology.

Kamuwa da amosanin gabbai hada da wani babban rukuni na cututtuka, akwai musamman da ya sa lethality sani jinsunan na pathogens, kamar tubercle bacillus, ko evolutive. Jaddada hadin gwiwa cutar da marubucin: Sokol-Buyo, spondylitis, Duk da haka.

Non-dauke da kwayar cutar amosanin gabbai ne ma sunan dystrophic. Da suka faru quite sau da yawa, da etiology da mafi bambancin. Daga cikin haddasawa iya zama shekaru da alaka da canje-canje, da mummunan tasiri muhalli dalilai (hypothermia, wuce kima load), hormonal da kuma rayuwa cuta (gout, thyroid cuta, hemophilia da sauransu.).

Traumatic amosanin gabbai ci gaba a m rauni, raunin da ya faru na gidajen abinci. Bugu da kari, su na iya tashi saboda tsawo vibration.

A manyan yawan amosanin gabbai yana tare da sauran cututtuka ba alaka da musculoskeletal tsarin. Kullum siffofin psoriasis, tsari lupus erythematosus, dermatitis - shi ne iya tafiyar da dukkan gidajen abinci a cikin tsari. Bugu da kari, amosanin gabbai hanyar cutar sankarar bargo, wasu cututtuka na huhu (sarcoidosis) , da kuma juyayi tsarin. Gubar dalma kuma sau da yawa yana sa a degenerative tsari na gidajen abinci.

arthralgia

Pain, hade da aiki na gidajen abinci da aka kira arthralgia. Character ta nuni iya zama na waje ko zurfi, m, ko wucin gadi, shafi daya ko dama mahadi guringuntsi. Cutar fi rinjayar da most gidajen abinci a jikin mutum: gwiwa, gwiwar hannu, hip. Karami ya shafa da yawa kasa akai-akai.

Arthralgia sau da yawa bi cututtuka a da dama cututtuka, musamman da ke faruwa tare da feverish yanayi. A ganewar asali da hanyoyi daban-daban amfani da su auna nauyin anamnesis. Laboratory bincike ya shafi kirgawa yawan platelets a cikin jini, kazalika da sauran gwaje-gwaje da kuma gwaji.

arthrosis

Nau'in gidajen abinci, osteoarthritis buga, na iya ba za a iyakance ga guda ko wani rukuni. A kanta, wannan cuta mai tsanani ne, isa, tun da shi ne hade da lalata guringuntsi. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa nakasawa na gidajen abinci. An tabbatar da cewa muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da amosanin gabbai kwayoyin predisposition taka - gadar hali. A hadarin da wannan cuta ne mutanen da wanda aikin da aka kai tsaye alaka da akai kaya a kan gidajen abinci :. hairdressers, 'yan wasa, direbobi, da dai sauransu A dalilin iya zama cikin dogon lokacin da hormonal cuta a cikin jiki.

Nakasar malformations na gidajen abinci

Da tsananin nakasar da malformations na gidajen abinci ne sãɓãwar launukansa daga m to mai tsanani. Rarrabe jam'i neonatal cututtuka. Wadannan sun hada da: arthrogryposis, pseudarthrosis shin, nakasar sāke wuri na hip ko patella, hip dysplasia, Marfan ciwo (autosomal cuta).

Rigakafin cututtuka na gidajen abinci

A cikin 'yan shekaru, cututtuka na musculoskeletal tsarin ne karfi da rejuvenated. Idan baya da talakawan shekaru na marasa lafiya ya na 55 shekaru, a yanzu shi ne tsayayyen a 40.

Don kauce wa mai tsanani da rikitarwa da kuma rayuwa mai dogon rai ba tare da hana su ƙungiyoyi, yana da muhimmanci wajen saka idanu da sauran kiwon lafiya da kuma gudanar da wani dace m tabbatarwa. Shi ne don sarrafa jiki nauyi, rage cin abinci, wariya da miyagun halaye da kuma matsakaici aikinsa.