National Bolshevism: da akida da kuma asali manufa

National Bolshevism - shi ne mai m siyasa motsi, wanda falsafa dogara ne a kan yarjejeniya daga cikin matsananci hagu da kuma matsananci dama-reshe views. Har yanzu ba a guda definition da manufar siyasa da tunani. a nasu daban-daban akidu mu dubi motsi da kuma yana da nasu ra'ayoyin. National Bolshevism ya sosai rare a Jamus a interwar lokaci da kuma a Rasha bayan da Tarayyar Soviet auka.

ƙarni

A cikin dukan tarihin ta zama ba, da National Bolsheviks (NBP) kasa samar da wani iko na siyasa motsi. Saboda haka yana da quite wuya a gano da tarihi na zargin wannan siyasa yayi.

An yi imani da cewa a karon farko da irin wannan ra'ayi da aka bayyana a cikin shekara ta 1919. A wancan lokaci, kasashen Turai da aka buga da wani tsanani rikicin siyasa. Siyasa ideas, da zarar dauke utopian, a aiwatar da juyin mulki da kuma juyin juya hali. A wannan lokaci, shi ne musamman rare biyu sabuwar trends: kwaminisanci da "neonationalism". Duka biyun sassan suna adawa da juna. Duk da haka, wasu manazarta suna a cikin wadannan alama saba, kamance.

Juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi

Sun fi mayar da National Bolshevism gare ta bayyanar da nasarar juyin juya halin a Rasha. Zo iko da Kwaminisancin ya tsaya a kan internationalist matsayi. Duk da haka, wasu jami'an imani da cewa shi ne zai yiwu a gina gurguzu al'umma a nan gaba na gurguzu, dangane da kabilanci mutane hadisai. Wannan mahanga sun sosai rare a Jamus.

Tsage baya da ƙungiyoyin jayayya kasar ta kawai rasa yaki, birgima sauka a cikin zurfin na rikicin. A Weimar Jamhuriyar ya a total duniya kadaici. A latsa kuma jami'an na Turai ikon amfani da Jamus, irin sharuddan kamar "mafi ƙasƙantattu al'umma a Turai," da sauransu. Irin gudummawar da ci gaban da kishin kasa da kuma ra'ayi na mai karfi hadin kai a tsakanin Jamus da kansu. Bugu da kari, ya zauna a wata kasa a duniya kadaici - Soviet Rasha. A gurguzun tantama ba yarda da wulakanci a kan kasa-akai, da kuma sun yi gagarumin ci gaba a cikin gyare-gyare na rayuwar zamantakewa na al'ummar jihar. Berlin farfesa Paul Eltsbaher tasowa manufar ƙungiyar na sabon Jamus da kuma Soviet Rasha.

Tarayyar ra'ayi

Da farko, manufar daidaituwa na Rasha da kuma Jamus, wanda shi dauke da kasa-bolshevism ya geopolitical motsa. A kasashen biyu zauna da muhimmanci wuri a cikin rayuwar siyasa na Turai da kuma dukan nahiyar. The United States ba su da irin wannan wani tasiri a kan Old World, wanda fito daga gare su bayan yakin duniya na II. Saboda haka, an nuna cewa ƙungiyar na Jamus da kuma Rasha za su sarrafa dukan duniya. National Bolsheviks yi tayin kirkiro da wani sabon dandalin siyasa a kan tushen da Bolshevik juyin juya halin, amma tare da adana kasa hadisai da kuma amfani da kabilanci ainihi kamar yadda wani engine juyin juya halin.

anti-capitalism

A akidar National Bolshevism dogara ne a kan wani m kin amincewa da tsarin jari hujja. All theorists gane da wanzuwar aji yaki. A wannan yankin, da yayi ne kusan gaba daya kofe da ra'ayoyi bayyana ta gurguzu. Kamar yadda ka'idar an yi imani da cewa dukan duniya ne zuwa kashi da zãlunci, kuma zalunta. Amma idan hagu yana dauke da tsarin jari hujja kawai a matsayin wata hanya da na tattalin arziki da amfani, da National Bolsheviks bi da matsalar da "dama" gefe. Sun yi imani da cewa jari hujja hanyar rayuwa, ba kawai gusar daidai hakkokin for kerarre kaya, amma kuma take kaiwa zuwa ƙasƙanci daga cikin talakawa. capitalism alfãsha National Bolsheviks rayayye amfani a yakin, kazalika, da kuma 'yan gurguzun.

Jamus view

Fridrih Lents halitta kungiyar "Der Vorkampfer". National Bolshevism zama na farko jam'iyyar siyasa. Mutane da yawa masu bincike ayan koma zuwa National Bolsheviks Strasser 'yan'uwa. Hitler ta abokan adawar a cikin National Socialist Party ƙaryata pathological wariyar launin fata da Führer da kuma tunanin cewa da babban kokarin da ya kamata ka je yaki da aji maƙiyi. National Bolsheviks tsaya ga cikakken nationalization na duk zaman kansa ikon mallakar wajen samar. An samarwa don gabatar da wani m jihar iko da dukkan tattalin arziki sassa. A wannan batun, da National Bolsheviks aka yi wahayi zuwa da nasarar Stalin ta tilasta masana'antu.

A tattalin arzikin da aka gabatar a matsayin shirya tare da bayyana rabo daga aiki. Hans Ebeling rubuta da dama muhimmanci ƙwarai a kan na gama farm shiryawa. The shirya m da aka musamman mashahuri a cikin Hagu a Yammacin Turai. Masana'antu na ado yana daya daga cikin gano fasali na sabon kishin kasa da kuma kwaminisanci.

National ainihi

Babbar ka'idar National Bolshevism zaci kasa hadisai na jama'a daban-daban na engine juyin juya halin. National manufofin wakilta a matsayin mai fairly ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma traditionalist. Mutane da yawa theorists yi imani da cewa kawai da hadin kan mutanen a kan tushen da kabilanci ainihi za ta taimaka gina wani sabon al'umma. Addini sun daban-daban. National Bolsheviks na farko da kuma musamman na biyu kalaman ba na addini. Sun yi imani da cewa addini ne kawai wata alama ce ta shaidar dan kasa, don haka ba hamayya da shi don haka matuƙa, kamar yadda 'yan gurguzun a Rasha.

A post-Soviet lokacin shi ya zama mai Popular siyasa aiki, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar David Brandenberger. National Bolshevism, a cikin ra'ayi, shi da aka haifa a cikin Stalin zamanin. The bincike ya ba da misali da canje-canje a cikin Soviet tsarin dabi'u a kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na biyu. Soviet farfaganda fara tuntube kasa rusotsentristskim muradi da kasa heroes of baya. Wannan ya yi a cikin tsarin na janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a na yawan zuwa zuwan yaki. Wasu gwagwarmaya na Tsarist Rasha da aka gyara: Nevsky, Kutuzov, Rasputin da sauransu. Irin wannan motifs ne sosai tasiri. Mutane da yawa siyasa da kuma sojojin yanzu suna amfani.

National Bolshevism a Rasha

A farko m NBP bayyana a cikin Rasha ƙaura. Bayan da aka kafa Soviet da iko, wasu adawa sun bita da hali to kwaminisanci saboda nasarar da sabon tsarin mulki. Bayyana ra'ayin hada da ra'ayoyi na "fari" baƙi da kuma ja da Bolsheviks. Wasu shugabannin ko da rubuta bincike takardunku da kuma aika su zuwa Moscow. National Bolsheviks yi imani da cewa sauyawa na internationalism da cosmopolitanism, a kan traditionalism da kuma kishin kasa, ta yanayi dadadde zai gaggauta habaka m juyin juya halin.

wayewar

Mutane da yawa zamani NBP idealize Stalin zamanin Tarayyar Soviet, la'akari da shi a model na National Bolshevik tsarin. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda Soviet farfaganda m zuwa kasa hadisai. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, akwai na farko National-Bolshevik Party a Rasha. Its shugaban ya Eduard Limonov. Kan daidai da shi ya tsaya a kai na a Falsafa Dugin kuma singer Yegor Letov. A NBP tuna quite da dama high-profile kai tsaye ayyuka a cikin nineties.

National Bolsheviks kãma administrative gine-gine, disrupted gwamnatin taron, ya kai hari a m jami'an. Movement soki biyu hagu da kuma dama. National Bolshevism da Trotskyism kasance ko da yaushe a wani m adawa da juna, duk da kama na ideas. ma zargi

NBP ya soki "dama". Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma centrists kada ku riƙi m anti-jari hujja matsayi. A cikin nineties, da National Bolshevik motsi ya dauka a gaske mai tartsatsi ne. A iri-iri na da ƙungiyoyi ne da yawa a cikin post-Soviet kasashen. A Rasha, wasu NBP samu dogon sharuddan na kurkuku karkashin wajen m yanayi. Bayan kama mafi yawan himmar aiki motsi ya kan dakushe. A wannan lokaci a Rasha da kuma post-Soviet kasashen babu doka kasa-Bolshevik motsi.