Mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya da abin da yake asalin cuneiform icons

Mene ne cuneiform, a yau 'yan know, matsayin mai mulkin, kunkuntar kwararru a fagen al'adu da tarihi na philology. A halin yanzu, godiya ga cuneiform rubuce-rubuce, muna da ikon yin rikodin su tunani da kuma kalmomi a kan takarda. Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya da abin da yake asalin cuneiform gumaka.

Mene ne cuneiform?

Cuneiform rubuce-rubuce an tsoho nau'i na rubuce-rubuce a wanda wani musamman wasa da sandunansu a kan lãka Allunan, an ajiye wasu faranti.

Kamar yadda wani irin cuneiform haruffa samo asali a cikin Sumerian al'adu. Wannan yarda da canja wurin da ilimi daga tsara zuwa tsara da kuma gudummawar da cewa kasar ta dauka a manyan matsayi a cikin tarihin duniya.

Har ila yau, archaeologists sun gano dama jinsunan tsoho haruffa, kama da cuneiform. Wannan Persian cuneiform, da ake kira Ugaritic, kuma Cypro-Minoan syllabary.

Mafi shahara kasar cuneiform

Da yake amsa tambayoyi game da abin da shi ne asalin cuneiform gumaka, don su bincika Jihar rubuce-rubuce a cikin shahararrun da kuma da-karatu Sumerian-Kaldiyawa al'adu.

A farko cuneiform Allunan na kasar, da aka sani zuwa ga zamani masana kimiyya, kwanan baya zuwa 3500 BC. e.

Tsakanin koguna Tiger da kuma Yufiretis shi ya zaunar da duk aka sani Sumerian mulkin. A da jihar tare da yawan jama'a na birnin tare da wani sa na da dokoki, da mai arziki al'adar littattafan da cewa yin up lãka Allunan.

A wadannan alluna rikodin daban-daban bayanai: a riga da dokokin don iyali kirga.

Gumaka da kansu mafi da darajar kasance kusa ga haruffa. Duk da haka, da suka riga ta kaddamarda wani fi'ili haduwa, kuma sun kasance mafi matukar fiye da zamanin d Masar hieroglyphs.

A cikin jarrabawa asalin cuneiform rubuce-rubuce icons

Asalin da cuneiform gumaka a Mesafotamiya yana da dama shiriritar. A cewar daya daga cikin mafi kowa wadanda, akwai cuneiform gumaka kamar haka.

The masu manyan noma da kuma pastoral Holdings ya kiyaye records daga dũkiyõyinsu. Domin wannan lãka, wanda ya prevalent a cikin wadanda sassa, sanya musamman figurines, kira Alamu. Alamu da aka wanda ya canja a cikin nau'i na dabbobi ko kaji, kazalika a cikin nau'i na hatsi, qwai, da dai sauransu

Alamu da aka kafa a kasko cike, cewa hatimi na sirri hatimi na rundunar, saboda kawai ya yi da damar yin amfani da wannan ilimi.

Bugu da ari, tare da ci gaban mutum ci gaba, akwai wani al'ada a zana matukar alama wadannan alamu a kan murfi daga lãkã jirgin ruwa, da kuma jirgin ruwa da aka ma bata ne, kuma ya juya a cikin sauki lãka hannu.

Canje-canjen da style gumaka. Idan suka yi da hali na wani imitative, kuma sun kasance kamar irin waɗanda na dabbobi, wanda ya nuna cewa su yanzu kaddamarda fitina da kuma schematically ta wajen squeezing su a cikin sabo lãka ko yin amfani da wani musamman tawada rubuce-rubuce sanda.

Saboda haka, za mu iya gane abin da yake asalin cuneiform icons, yana da tsohon icon.

Danganta biyu daban-daban pictograms ba wani sabon kalma. Kamar wancan akwai ideography da kuma yin amfani da alamomin. Alal misali, idan suka hadu biyu ãyõyi ga da kwai da kaji, da ya nufi "da haihuwa da kuma walwala." Cuneiform inscriptions quite a fili ba da damar mu yi la'akari da irin wannan alama.

Af, cuneiform, wanda ya tashi a cikin Sumerian al'ada, da sauri yada a ko'ina cikin yankin gabas ta tsakiya, da bambanci ga kasar Sin da kuma kasar Masar hieroglyphs. cuneiform ãyõyi sun sauqin fahimta, suka sa shi sauki tuna da rubuta. To, a yau ba za ka iya koyi quite babban yawan lãka Allunan da wadannan records.

Modern malaman yi imani da cewa da Sumerian cuneiform rubuce-rubuce da wani tasiri a kan Phoenician rubuce-rubuce, wanda, bi da bi, ya rinjayi halittar tsoho Girkanci haruffa, wanda shi ne wani nau'i ne na m na alphabets na duniya.

Daga baya, duk da haka, irin wannan rubuce-rubuce da aka rasa. sun dogon kwana a cikin ƙasa, yanã lãka Allunan, idan sun kasance ba a cikin karni na sha tara juya su da hankali ga Turai masana kimiyya.

Tarihi deciphering cuneiform ãyõyi

Karatu da tambaya ga abin da yake asalin cuneiform icons, ba za ka iya watsi da matsalar deciphering su.

Ƙoƙarin decipher da ãyõyin masana kimiyya sun yi a cikin karni na 19th. Materials da suka kasance lamba a kan faranti daga baya lokacin, listing da lakabi na shugabanni da kuma su isa yabo.

A cikin shakka daga archaeological tono a cikin d ¯ a Babila, ba kawai misalai da yawa na cuneiform da aka samu, amma kuma a irin kamus, wanda karatu babba azuzuwan kasar.

Saboda wadannan binciken, mafi lãka Allunan deciphered. Masana tarihi samar invaluable data game da rayuwa a zamanin da Sumeria. Don kwanan wata, zama undeciphered cuneiform inscriptions kawai samfurori, da ake kira proto-Sumerian rubuce.