Monument III bugawa: Tatlin ta Tower. Description, tarihi, siffofin

Taba gina Tatlin Tower ya daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da boldest a cikin Soviet gine a farkon shekaru bayan juyin juya hali. Yau da shi ya zama daya daga cikin alamu na unfulfilled gurguzu aljanna a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

ganawa hasumiya

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, sabuwar gwamnatin kokarin dorewar nasararsa a cikin mafi tsoro a lokacin siffofin. A ƙarshen 10 ta - farkon 20-ies. Da shi shi ne lokacin da avant-garde da kuma sauran m trends a al'ada, art da kuma gine. Ghar ayyukan da aka aiwatar da duk yakin basasa da wuya halin da ake ciki a kan fronts.

Main ƙirƙira irin ideas zama jama'ar kasar Commissariat na Ilimi. A shekara ta 1919, sashen Fine Arts, tsohon ɓangare na jama'ar kasar Commissariat, izini da sanannun artist Vladimir Tatlin ci gaba dauka aikin da wani abin tunawa ga Uku International. A Bolsheviks har yanzu mafarki na duniya juyin juya halin da kuma imani da cewa shi ne wannan kungiya za su kasance babban kayan aiki don cimma wani babban burin. Bayan 'yan shekaru da proletarian Maris ƙare tare da shan kashi na Poland. A halin yanzu, kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a jihar akidar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsayi.

The hali na Vladimir Tatlin

Mai suna a bãyan marubucin, Tatlin Tower za a iya haife hanyar shi aka ɗauki cikinsa kawai a kansa. Wannan artist da kuma zane-zane da aka daya daga cikin mafi asali avant-garde a lokacinsa. A czarist zamanin, ya yi tafiya a baje a Turai, mamaye duk sai m waje da tasirinsa. Babban tasiri a kan Tatlin da Pablo Picasso. Sashe na daga shi ne ra'ayin cewa master aikata matasa Rasha Constructivist koyawa adept.

Uku International Tatlin Tower an halitta ta da shi a cikin lokacin da ya dace. A Soviet Rasha ne a cikin juyi akida kimantawa art. Tuni a cikin Stalin zamanin, duk da fashion yayi kamar Constructivism, Cubism da avant-garde za a dakatar. Kawasaki na gurguzu da labarun almara. Kondovaya wannan salon ne dan hanya siffofin da kuma ra'ayoyin cewa aiwatuwa da Tatlin Tower.

Deconstruction, constructivism da sauran makarantu sun rai har yanzu a farkon 20s. Just to Tatlin koma gida, fatan gane su wildest mafarkai. Wannan jin zuciya da aka fallasa su duka sai masana - daga marubuta wa gine-ginen. Domin su, Soviet Rasha ya zama wani Utopia - wani sabon duniya, don hamayya da kanta ga haihuwa da kuma gundura da Turai domin.

Advanced gine-gine da aikin

Shirye Tatlin Tower ya kamata ya zama wani abu gaba daya sabon da unprecedented. Ta aikin da aka haife matsayin kira na m da m a lokaci guda utilitarian da monumental siffofin. Dalili na tunawa, su uku suna gilashin "turrets", kafa da juna ta hanyar wani hadadden tsarin da sandunansu, kuma suka spirals. Duk da cewa gabatarwa tun asalinsu raba, tare suka halitta na musamman da abun da ke ciki daga mai hade da daban-daban na lissafi siffofi.

Tower 3 International Tatlin an m m kuma domin, a cewar shirin "m tawagar" (kamar yadda ya kira Tatlin hakkin mallaka ƙungiya), kowane ɓangare na ginin ya kamata ya samu da sabuwar sunadaran. Su zai ba da damar da gabatarwa ya motsa a kan ta axis, wanda shi ne wani injiniya kalubale ga zamanin.

Lower da kuma tsakiyar tiers

tiers bugun ƙaruwa tare da kowane "kasa". The mafi ƙasƙanci dakin a cikin nau'i na wani shigen sukari ya yi daya juyin juya halin kowace shekara. Yana da aka yi nufi ga majalisar dokoki. Akwai za a iya gudanar International congresses, wanda zai tattauna da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, dokokin, da sauransu. D.

Average dala juyawa a daya juyin juya halin da watan. Ta zai zama gida ga zartarwa. A dakin ya da za a gudanar da taron kwamitin zartarwa, sakatariya da sauran administrative jikinsu.

saman bene

A babba Silinda sa daya da juyin juya halin da rana. Akwai zuwa dukan kafofin watsa labarai: jaridu, labarai ofisoshin, cibiyoyin edition na brochures, leaflets da manifestos. Wannan wuri ne a kan ra'ayin da gine-ginen ya zama wani tushen yakin neman kayan ga proletarians na dukan duniya. A Silinda ya ma fi da-sanye take dakin. Yana housed da gidan waya, da rediyo da kuma duk na latest bayanai canja wurin fasaha. Waje a kan titi bango rataye wata babbar allo lit fitilun. Shi ne kawai wani shaci ga samfurin. A kara rabo na gabatarwa da za a tattauna a taron na musamman kwamitoci, wanda ba ya fara aiki saboda ƙulli daga cikin aikin.

Domin juyawa tiers shirya ya haifar da wani mataki mai wuya daga cikin mains samar da ginin da dukan zama dole kuzari. Tatlin ta Tower da aka ba kawai ban mamaki domin wucewa, amma kuma dadi ga mutanen da suka aiki da kuma zama a cikin ta. Glass ganuwar ya zama biyu, kama da na al'ada na'urar thermos, wanda zai iya kiyaye a cikin wani dadi zazzabi ga aiki.

A juxtaposition na bourgeois art

Yana da muhimmanci ba kawai aiki, amma kuma m darajar, wanda ya kwashe Tatlin Tower. Constructivism da kuma sauran m ideas na m tsayayya wa bourgeois art da kuma birane shiryawa. Socialist hedkwatarsu da na nan gaba. (Asali gina kagara na uku International aka shirya a Petrograd) shi ne zai zama antithesis na jari hujja Turai manya kamar London da Paris.

Revolutionary aikin mawallafa jaddada su a cikin wani dama. Socialist gine-ginen jãyayya da cewa tsohon al'ada na tsakiyar aji ya ɓatar da ransa a duniya (da shi aka haife tare da aikin noma) ya matuƙa, ba daidai ba. Saboda haka, Hasumiyar da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin phantasmagoric skyscraper inda dukkan ayyukan a cike lilo zai zama zahiri a cikin iska. Bisa ga aikin gini tsawo ya kamata isa tseren mita 400 - wani mataki mai adadi ga farkon 20s.

Lokacin da layout da aka shirya, da Soviet gwamnatin bayar da dama littattafansa a kan hasumiya, ciki har da muqala Nikolai Punin. Yana yaba da ra'ayin gina wani skyscraper na nan gaba, wanda zai zama wata alama ce da nasarar gurguzanci. Puning a shafukan da aikinsu ya bayyana cewa, a karshe da art karo na farko bauta m dalilai, ambatawa da misali na uku conceptually daban-daban tiers.

jama'a nasara

A karo na farko a dada Tower na Tatlin a Moscow da aka gabatar a taron na Sabunta All-Russian Congress of Soviets a 1920. Wannan aikin ya sa tashin hankali da kuma nan da nan aka gabatar a da dama na kasa da kasa nune-nunen a matsayin wata alama da utopian gurguzu nufi da sabuwar gwamnatin.

A cikin West kuma tsiwirwirinsu notoriety Tatlin Tower. Facts game da Rasha da kuma ta avant-garde gini a kai a kai bayyana a cikin Turai latsa. Ya mai girma farfaganda kayan aiki, eclipsing munin yakin basasa da kuma aikata laifuka.

Barin da

Lokaci ya nuna cewa dukan ra'ayin na mai alfarma da skyscraper na nan gaba ne kawai a farfaganda na Bolshevik gwamnati. Zai yiwu Soviet gwamnatin gaske ya so ya yi abin tunawa III International. Tatlin ta Tower ma yana da dama incarnations a katako dummies. Duk da haka, a cikin 1924, Tatlin, yin aiki a kan m aikin da shekaru da yawa, da aka bai farko ambato daga cikin decommissioning aiki - ya aka ba a yarda da kasashen waje da gabatar da abin tunawa.

Bayan 'yan watanni da gwamnatin karshe watsi da m kamfani. Akwai dalilai da dama. Da farko, kasar da aka ta shiga wani mummunan tattalin arziki cikinsa halakakke ne, a lokacin da kudi ba kawai wani abu. Duk da laifi ya kasance a protracted yaki. Don gyara halin da ake ciki, da Bolsheviks tafi m matakan, ciki har da requisitioning shiga.

A kan Hauwa'u na da mutuwar Lenin, da mãsu haƙuri amince da su je a kan akida da jayayya. Ya yi wahayi zuwa wani sabon tattalin arziki siyasa da kuma halin da ake ciki a kasar sannu a hankali ya fara inganta. Duk da haka, a 1924 da shugaban na juyin juya halin mutu, kuma Stalin zo da wuta.

A karshe, a kan shirin na Sakatare Janar na CPSU (b) ya fara yakin neman zabe na ta'addanci a kan avant-garde, wanda aka mallakar da kuma Tatlin. Ideas tsoro artists kuma bidi'ane sun ma mai zaman kanta da gwamnatin tsakiya. Avant-garde, nan da nan bayan juyin juya hali ya mallaki babban posts a jama'a da ilimi da kuma bayar da shawarwari cibiyoyin fara karkashin daban-daban pretexts, hambarar daga ofishin. Bugu da kari, su ideas kasance gaba daya m ga kowa mutane da proletariat kanta, wanda ake zargin ya yi aiki a matsayin firtsi. Soviet farfaganda ga wani sabon samfurin bukatun sun sauki motifs da jigogi da suke m zuwa ga ma'aikata. Saboda haka a hankali shukar gurguzu hakikanci zama jiha rukunan.

A rabo daga Tatlin

Wannan Tatlin Tower ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko wadanda ke fama da sabuwar manufar da ta avant-garde da constructivism. The m kansa ya fuskanci wani hali selection da tsaransa - shigar a cikin rikici tare da hukumomin ko tallafi na sabon akidun da kuma yin riga a cikin su. Tatlin yanke shawarar cede jihar.

Duk da haka, daga baya a kan shi ya ba su halicci kõme kama a sikelin tare da hasumiya. A lokacin da rayuwar da m ya iya shirya daya kawai nuni. Ya mutu a cikin 1953, bayan Stalin. Interest a cikin aikin na Tatlin da aka farfado a cikin tsawon perestroika, a lõkacin da aka rubuta da yawa na gudanar da bincike a kan manta da kuma haramta igiyoyin a Rasha art.

Tower na Memory

Yau, da layout daga cikin shahararrun hasumiya Tatlin za a iya gani a Tretyakov Gallery, wanda a shekarar 2011 ya wuce wani na ra'ayi nuni sadaukar da 125th tunawa da artist. Ya Kabarin III bugawa zauna a Turai memory. Tower model ne a Stockholm Museum of Art Modern. A wannan yanayin, asali layout, gabatar a 1920 a House of Soviets, aka rasa a cikin na musamman taskõkĩnsa kuma watakila musamman hallaka.