Okudzhava Bulat: A Biography. Bulat Okudzhava: kerawa

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich - a Rasha mawãƙi, mawaki, marubuci, marubuci. Yadu da aka sani a matsayin daya daga cikin haske singer-songwriters a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 50-80-ies karni na karshe. Fiye da biyu daban-daban qagaggun kunshe a cikin sharhin da cewa yin Okudjava Bulat. A biography wannan mutumin, wanda ya zama m alama ce da ake kira zamanin da sittin, kazalika da daya daga cikin mafi m marubuta da kuma masu kida na zamaninsa, da aka miƙa zuwa ga hankali.

kafin yaki

Rayuwa Bulat Okudzhava ya ban mamaki da kuma sabon abu. 'Yan san cewa ya aka bai wa sunan Dorian a haihuwa, aka mai suna bayan da gwarzo da labari da Oscar Wilde. Okudzhava Bulat, wanda biography aka samarwa a cikin wannan takarda, an haife shi a Moscow a kan May 9, 1924. Uwãyensa sun kasance mãsu tsayuwa tsarinsu. Shalva Okudzhava, mahaifinsa, ya mai Jojiyanci, ya zo Moscow don yin karatu a Kwaminis Academy. Ashkhen Nalbadnyan, da mahaifiyarta, da wani Armenian, aka haɗa dangi da Vaganom Teryanom, sanannen mawãƙi daga Armenia.

A 1926, bayan samun digiri da iyaye, da iyali koma zuwa Tbilisi. Uba Bulat sanya jam'iyyar aiki: ya yi aiki a cikin City Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a cikin wannan birni, ya Kwamishinan daga cikin rabo. Amma bayan wani rikici da Beriya Shalva Okudjava Na tambayi aiki a Rasha, kuma an aika da Urals. A nan sai ya yi aiki na farko jam'iyyar Oganeza a Nizhny Tagil a yi da shuka, bayan da aka nada na farko sakataren birnin kwamitin na gida jam'iyyar.

Bulat Okudzhava ya fara horo a Rasha a Tbilisi, sa'an nan kuma a Nizhny Tagil, inda ya koma tare da shi da uwa tasa bayan mahaifinsa. Shalva aiki katse ɗauki ƙiren ƙarya. Kamar sauran wakilan jam'iyyar wanda aka dauke "unreliable", ya ƙaddara shi kamar haka: na farko mahada a sansanin, sa'an nan - a harbe. Shi ne mai wuya lokaci, wanda tsira Bulat Okudzhava. Biography, da iyali, asalin da mawãƙi daga baya nuna a cikin aikinsa. Macen ta koma tare da danta to Moscow, kuma suka rayu a kan Arbat. Ta aka kama a 1938 da kuma aika zuwa Karaganda inda na musamman sansanin ya ga mãtan "cin amanar". Ta koma daga can ne kawai 17 shekaru daga baya, a shekarar 1955.

Okudzhava Bulat biography wanda ya fara da cika fuska a cikin shakka daga ransa kokarin ba wa tunani game da lokaci. Kawai, a 1993, a ragewa shekaru, ya yi magana game da ban tausayi iyali events a littafinsa "soke wasan kwaikwayo".

Bulat Okudzhava a 1940, koma zuwa Tbilisi, inda dangi rayu. Bayan makarantar sakandare sai ya shiga factory kuma yi aiki ga wani lokaci a matsayin almajiri Turner.

Bayan farko na Great Patriotic War, a 1942, 17-yaro ne dan shekaru tafi aikin sa kai a gaban. Ya yi aiki a matsayin rediyo sadarwarka manyan bindigogi, turmi mutum, sai ya halarci yaƙe. Sai a wannan lokaci sanya daya daga cikin na farko songs kira "Mun a cikin wadata manyan motoci ba su iya barci." A 1943, bayan wani tsanani rauni samu a Mozdok, Bulat Shalvovich aka aiko zuwa gaban line, zuwa ga raya.

A farkon da wallafe-wallafen aiki

Demobilized bayan da yaki, Bulat Okudzhava, a takaice biography wanda yanzu lit, haƙĩƙa, sun shige da waje Nazarin ga makarantar sakandare. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1950, ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of Philology na Tbilisi Jami'ar Jihar da tafi zuwa ga Kaluga yankin, ƙauyen Shamordino, inda ya sanar da adabi da kuma Rasha harshen a makaranta. Bayan shekara shida a cikin gida bugu Kaluga wallafa farko Littafin waqe-waqe mai taken "Lyrics". Kuma a shekarar 1954 a cikin jaridar "Sun Leninist" da aka buga waqoqi cewa rubuta Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich. Biography shi kara nasaba da Moscow.

Koma zuwa babban birnin kasar

Bayan sanannen XX Congress na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta 1956, lokacin da aka yi Allah wadai da 'yan daba na Stalin, aka gyara uwa Okudzhava. Tare tare da danta ta koma Moscow don warware gwamnati. A wannan shekara Bulat Shalvovich zama memba na jam'iyyar kwaminis.

The aiki na da ya wallafa aiki ya fara a shekara ta 1957. Ya yi aiki ga wani lokaci a cikin "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Literary Gazette" da "Sun Guard" edita. Tale of Bulat Okudzhava "Kasance da lafiya, malami" a shekarar 1961 aka kunshe a cikin wallafe-wallafen Almanac "Tarusa Pages", wanda ya Konstantin Paustovsky, wani shahararren marubuci (wannan shi ne labarin da darektan V. Motyl dauki kashe a shekarar 1965, cikin fim "Zhenya, Zhenya da Katyusha" ).

A ƙãra shahararsa ta

A wannan lokacin, da aka sani Okudzhava fara kara haƙuri. Ya fara gane da matsayin mai yi, kuma kamar yadda marubucin su songs. A 1956-1966 shekaru ya hada da yawa songs suna ƙaunar da kuma rare da ba rana ( "Tverskoy babban titi", "Blue Ball", "Midnight trolley", "A Lyonka Sarauniya", "A song ne game da wata turũruwa," "m Maris" "ba wani m, ba mashaya," kuma da yawa wasu).

Bulat Shalvovich yi aiki a Moscow, kamar yadda muka ambata, da edita, sa'an nan - shugaban sashen na shayari in "Literary jarida". Ya kasance memba na jam'iyya "Magistral", ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki members. A shekarar 1962, Bulat Shalvovich da aka soma a matsayin Writers 'Union.

Da farko ayyukansu, dole ne a ce, an sadu da mai matukar sanyi na aikin zargi. Alal misali, a cikin labarin "Kasance da lafiya, malami" ga pacifist sentiments bayyana a cikin ji wani saurayi na yaki, da abubuwan da suka nuna a cikin tarihinsa da kuma Bulat Okudzhava. Takaitacciyar wannan samfurin hada da: shi ya bayyana wanda ya auku a gaban 17-shekara saurayi game da yadda boys, kawai kwanan nan sun dalibai sun shige ta da kanta da kuma gane yaki kamar yadda canza mutane da kuma fasa komai bane illa kawayeniya. Ididdigewa ne ga wannan labarin na iya zama da waccan mujalla da muka film "Zhenya, Zhenya, Katyusha". Bulat Okudzhava, biography, kuma m aiki ne sosai ban sha'awa, bayyana, a wannan aiki, ya tunani da kuma juyayinsu samu da shi. Allah wadai a farkon shekarun 1960s, shi ya halartar kusan duk na songs, a matsayin Writers 'Union da shawarar cewa ba su wakilci gaskiya burin jama'ar da yanayi na Soviet jaruntakar matasa.

Okudzhava a karshen shekarun 1960s ya juya zuwa ga nazari da kuma fahimtar abubuwan tarihin. A wannan lokaci ya rubuta labari "Poor Avrosimov" kwazo Pavlu Pestelyu, kazalika da play "A numfashin na 'yancin" Mikhail Bestuzhev. A daidai wannan lokacin ya zama sha'awar a cikin tarihinsa daga Tolstoy, musamman da tambaya me ya sa wannan marubuci ne kullum runtume da gendarmes. "The Kasadar Shipov" buxe labari, ãƙibar wadannan bincike. Wadannan ayyukan da aka sosai gauraye kima a kan wani ɓangare na aikin hukuma zargi, amma daga cikin kawo dukkan aka kyau samu, sun zama Popular.

Songs rubuta ga fina-finai

A shekarar 1962, Bulat Shalvovich farko halarci halittar movie: ya yi da song "Midnight trolley" nasa a cikin wani film da ake kira "Sarkar Reaction." Ma'aikata daraja Okudzhava a shekarar 1970, bayan da ta samu cikin film "The Belarushiyanci Railway Station" wanda busa a abun da ke ciki "Amma a yanzu da muke bukata daya nasara" - daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aikinsa. Okudzhava daga baya ya gaya mini cewa, lokacin da darektan da shawarar cewa ya rubuta wani song, a farko ya ƙi yi fim.

Ya zama dole ba ne kawai don ƙirƙirar wani abun da ke ciki, amma shi ne tare da stylized rubutu a kasa da wakoki na Great Patriotic War, kamar yadda, bisa ga labarin, yi shi an talakawa soja zaune a cikin ramuka frontline mawãƙi wanda Ya haɗa a game da abokansa wasu sauki Lines kuma ba sana'a. Irin wannan aiki Bulat Shalvovich da jũna da wuya sosai, saboda yaki ya ke ko da yaushe aka rubuta da wani mutum wanda yake zaune a peacetime, kuma duk da haka a gaban wani tunani, magana da kuma rera waka. Duk da haka, da memory ya prompted m sautin da dama kalmomi. Bayan irin wannan kwarewa Bulat Shalvovich ya zama marubucin yawa rare songs halitta fiye da tamanin fina-finan.

libertinism

Okudzhava 1961 ya bar aiki domin sakamako, ya yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa na musamman ga kerawa. Duk da yake ya so ya ri a fahariya da wannan 'yancin kai. Ya waqe da aka buga a kasashen waje, da ya sanya hannu cikin wasika a cikin tsaro na Sinyavsky da kuma Daniel. Abin mamaki, ga azãbar domin irin wannan "free-tunani" kuma ba su bi.

art song

Biography of marubucin zai zama bai cika ba idan ba mu nuna irin wannan muhimmanci reshe na aikinsa a matsayin art song. A farko concert da aka gudanar a Kharkov, a 1961. A farko rikodin bayyana a Poland da kuma a Paris a shekarar 1968, kuma tun da tsakiyar 1970s rikodi na songs fara fito fili a cikin kasar.

'yan shekarun nan

Na isa karshen mu labarin game da wannan mutum mai girma kamar yadda Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich. Short biography a cikin bangare na karshe shekaru ransa ne inextricably nasaba da sake fasalin kudin. A wannan lokacin, sai ya riƙi a cikin rãyuwar kasar da hannu. A shekarar 1990 Okudzhava Bulat, wanda biography da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, ya bar jam'iyyar kwaminis. A karshe concert artist da aka gudanar a birnin Paris a cikin watan Yuni 1995, da kuma bayan shekaru biyu Okudzhava mutu a Clamart, a Paris unguwar.