Monohybrid giciye

Monohybrid haye - wannan mararraba, ga abin da shi ne halayyar sabanin iyayentaka siffofin daga juna ta hanyar daya biyu daga cikin samuwa madadin contrasting fasali. Alamar koma ga wani alama na wani kwayoyin, wani na da kaddarorin ko quality, da wanda yake shi ne yiwu a rarrabe mutane. A shuke-shuke, wannan dukiya ne, misali, cikin siffar da corolla (asymmetric ko fasali), da launi (fari, ko shunayya) da t. D. The ãyõyi ake kuma hada maturation kudi (marigayi ripening ko ripening), da kuma juriya ko laulayi wasu cututtuka .

All Properties tare, tun da matsanancin da kuma kawo karshen wasu fasaloli, a cikin tsarin ko aiki na Kwayoyin, gabobin, tsokoki, da ake kira phenotype. Wannan ra'ayi za a iya amfani da ma game da daya daga cikin samuwa madadin fasali.

Bayyanuwar dũkiyarsu da kuma halayen da aka yi karkashin iko data kasance hereditary dalilai - a cikin wasu kalmomi, kwayoyin halittu. Tare da kwayoyin halittu ne genotype.

Monohybrid giciye Mendelian wakilta tsallaka Peas. A wannan yanayin akwai irin wannan da isasshen sananne madadin Properties, kamar fari da kuma shunayya, da furanni, kore da kuma rawaya rini unripe wake, wrinkled tsaba da kuma m surface, da sauransu.

Ta hanyar monohybrid giciye, Mendel, Austria botanist X X I a., Found cewa a cikin ƙarni na farko (F1) matasan shuke-shuke duk da furanni magenta ya dafa, da farin launi ba bayyana. Saboda haka na farko daya da aka kaddamar Mendel ta Law of uniformity na farko-tsara model. Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa, da farko ƙarni na duk samfurori da aka yi kama da a kan duk bakwai nazari kan halaye.

Kamar wancan monohybrid giciye da shawara ga ƙarni na farko mutane na gaban madadin haruffa kawai iyaye daya, alhãli kuwa da kaddarorin da sauran iyaye ze bace. A predominance na Properties Mendel ya kira mamayar da kuma ãyõyinSa da kansu - rinjaye. ingancin ba bayyana masanin kimiyya kira recessive.

Ta hanyar monohybrid giciye, Mendel hõre kai-pollination na ƙarni na farko hybrids suna girma. Kafa a su da tsaba shuka masanin kimiyyar sake. A sakamakon haka, ya samu wadannan, na biyu ƙarni (F2) hybrids. A samu samfurori da aka ambata tsakiyan nonon ta madadin siffofin a cikin m rabo na 3: 1. A wasu kalmomin, kashi uku na mutane da na biyu ƙarni da wani rinjaye Properties, da kuma daya da kwata - recessive. A sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwajen, Mendel ƙarasa da cewa recessive hali da aka suppressed a cikin samfurori, amma shi ya ba ya bace, bayyana kansa a karo na biyu tsara. Wannan tari da aka kira "Shari'ar tsagawa" (na biyu dokar Mendel).

Bugu da ari monohybrid giciye masanin kimiyya gudanar don gano yadda gādon da za su faru a cikin na uku, hudu, da kuma na baya. Ya girma alamu amfani da kai-pollination. A sakamakon gwaje-gwajen an gano cewa, shuke-shuke, siffofin waxanda suke recessive (fararen furanni, misali) a cikin bãyanta na zuriya da aka yi wa wasa baya ne kawai tare da wadannan (recessive) Properties.

Da ɗan daban amsa biyu ƙarni shuke-shuke, da kaddarorin wadda aka mai suna Mendel rinjaye (masu, misali, m furanni). Daga cikin wadannan samfurori, masana kimiyya da nazarin zuriyarsa saukar biyu kungiyoyin da ciwon da cikakkar bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar ga kowane takamaiman fasalin.

Ga mutane, bambanta da biyu halaye, yi amfani da biyu-matasan crossover. Matsala na kayyade genotypes da phenotypes ne in mun gwada sauki, yayin da su yanke shawara Mendel dokokin nema.