Mitar matakan: girma. Mitar matakan: GOST

Sananne ne cewa a Threaded - daya daga cikin na kowa toshe sadarwa, da barin yin taron da disassembly aiki ba tareda žata mutunci Tsarin da kayan. Dalili akan wannan haɗin shine zabin da ake amfani da shi a kan jikin biyu ko fiye na jikin jigilar juyawa, wanda, a zahiri, an raba shi bisa ga alamun da aka bayyana a kasa. An rarraba ma'anar zaren a cikin tebur a kasa.

Matakan zane

Gwanin da aka yanke akan ko a cikin kayan, wanda yake da alamar haƙori a cikin hanyar triangle isosceles, shine mai ma'auni, ana auna girmansa a millimeters. Bisa ga siffar aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, wannan zaren ya zama cylindrical, amma zai iya zama mai kwakwalwa.

Wannan karshen shine mafi mashahuri a cikin amfani, musamman ga masu ɗorawa masu zuwa:

• Bolts;
• Anchors;
• Screws;
• Hardware;
• Kashi;
• Kwayoyi da kaya.

Kashe shinge, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a asalin siffar siffar, ana kiransa sautin zane-zane. An yi amfani dashi a wurare da ake buƙatar kulle mahalli, ba tare da ƙarin sakonni ba tare da ƙaddamar da furanni ta hanyar sauƙi tare da axis. An yi amfani dashi don shigar da matosai da bututun fitarwa:

• Man fetur;
• Man fetur;
• Gas;
• Ruwa;
• Air.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa nau'ikan da zaren da ke ciki sunyi daidai da wannan bayanin, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a yada su tare. Ana tsara nau'in ma'auni ta girman, girman shugabanci, mataki da ƙarin sigogi waɗanda aka nuna a alamar.

Matakan matakan mita

Rarraban diameters na wannan labaran a cikin masana'antu yana da iyaka daga 0.25 zuwa 600 mm, tare da diamita fiye da 68 mm thread din kawai m, amma har zuwa wannan darajar ta bambanta. Ana amfani da zane mai girma a cikin kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi da ƙananan kayaya. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa a babban zane ana gyara ma'aunin daidai da diamita, da bambanci da ƙananan, wanda zai iya bambanta, wanda yake shi ne daban kuma an ƙayyade shi a alamar.

Alal misali, idan an sami "M16" a cikin takardun fasaha ko zane a cikin haɗin sassa, wannan yana nufin cewa harafin M na nufin zanen mitar. Girman girman diamita daga cikin juyawa yana da mm 16, kuma babban mataki na daidaitattun launi shine 2 mm, bisa ga bayanin da aka ba a teburin (zabin na biyu jere aka nuna a cikin iyaye). Saboda haka, tsarin awo thread: na asali girma (Gost 24705-2004).

Fine-farar zaren

A alamar, an nuna karamin mataki bayan diamita. Yana kama da wannan: "M16 × 0.5", inda, kamar yadda aka rigaya aka sani, M ita ce zane mai auna. Girman girman iyakar diamita 16 mm ne, tare da mataki na mita 0.5 mm. Abin sha'awa, bayan diamita na 2 mm, bambanci tsakanin ramin zane ya zama sananne, wanda ke haifar da rabuwa. Kuma samfurori na diamita daidai suna da nau'i iri iri na zane-zane mai kyau, kamar waɗanda aka ɗauka cikin 16 mm:

• 1.5 mm;
• 1.0 mm;
• 0,75 mm;
• 0.5 mm.

Alal misali, ana ba da wani ɓangare na teburin, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a fahimta kuma a hankali yayi la'akari da kewayon layin lafiya, ba tare da la'akari da matakin da aka yi la'akari da baya ba.

Matsakanci matakan: asali na ainihi (GOST 24705-2004)

Siffofin da aka ƙayyade

A cikin zane-zane-zane, an nuna mataki na daban (a cikin mahaifa), kuma a wurinsa an nuna yawan adadin ziyara. Ga yadda aka nuna wannan da wasu ƙarin sigogi yayin lakabi:

• (P1) - inda P yake mataki na 1 mm, kuma ya juya - 3 (misali: M42 × 3 (P1));
• LH - hagu na hagu (misali: M40 × 2LH);
• MK - matakan zane-zane (misali: MK24x1.5);
• EG-M ko GM, Inda G ke nuna zabin a kan ginshiƙan cylindrical na waya ko sakawa (misali: EPL 6-GM5);
• G, h, H shine juriya filin, shine haɗakar diamita mai haɗuwa tare da haɓakar mai ƙira (misali: M12-6g), da kuma daban-daban na diameters na ciki da na waje, ana nuna alamar juna a alamar (misali: M12-6g / 8H).

Damawan zane

Akwai alamun alamun da aka kayyade a cikin jerin tsabta, waɗanda suke da muhimmanci muyi la'akari a lokuta inda ake la'akari da zaren ma'auni - girman Diameters:

• External (D da d);
• ciki (D _{1 da} d _1).
• Matsakaici (D _{2 da} d _2);
• ƙurewar kasa na ciki (d _3).

Lokacin da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin haɗin haɗin haɗin gwaninta, ƙananan diamita ya zama mafi mahimmanci, kuma a lokuta na daidaitaccen dabi'u, mafi girma d ₂ kusoshi da kwayoyi kalla D _2.

Babban haruffa D yana nuna dabi'u na diameters na launi na ciki, kuma sassan da aka yi amfani da su a waje suna ƙaddamar da ƙananan haruffa - d. Lambobin suna nuna wurin. Dalili na daidaitattun wurare na jurewa an rubuta ta alamar alamomin: E, F, G, H, d, e, f, g, h, kuma, kamar yadda a cikin diameters, wasika ta nuna wurin.

Rahoton ƙananan ƙwayoyi da ƙananan ƙwayoyi

Ya bambanta da ƙasashen Turai da ƙasashen da ke kusa da su, inda tsarin ma'auni ya zama tartsatsi bayan mulkin Napoleon, a ƙasashe na farko na kasar Birtaniya da kuma tauraronsa duk ma'aunin da ke faruwa a cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka. A cikin wannan tsarin, ma'auni na zaren da haɗin su an yi su cikin inci.

Yankewa, wanda yana da launi na haƙori a cikin nau'i mai kwakwalwa, tare da kusurwa mafi girma na 55 digiri. (A cikin misali UTS na Amurka da Kanada - digiri 60), an kira shi inch inch, girmansa a cikin inci, kuma farar yana cikin yawan juyawa ta inch (1 "= 24.5 mm) .Saboda haka ana gyara zaren a cikin kewayon Daga 3/16 ", ƙayyadewa yana nuna kawai ƙananan diamita.

Ƙananan inch da nau'in ma'auni An auna shi tare da kallon, kuma idan a cikin yanayin saurin ma'auni wannan zai isa, to a cikin inch bayan yin amfani da tebur na musamman. Yayin da za a auna launi, ana amfani da samfurori na musamman, amma akwai kuma hanyar da za a iya aunawa mataki: idan kun kunna takarda da zane, gungura samfurin sau da yawa, ana buga alamar a takarda, yana ba ka damar auna mai mulki. Lokacin amfani da takardar takarda a matsayin takardar, buƙatar mai mulki bai zama dole ba - ya isa ya ƙidaya adadin alamomi a cikin sel 2 (1 cm) kuma raba ta 10.

Hole girma

Samun zanen yana saboda:

• Cold mirgina na rollers da shugabannin;
• Yankan cutters, combs ko cutters;
• Yankan ya mutu ko taps;
• Daidaitaccen daidaito;
• Abra ko EDM.

Don yankan filayen waje, aikin da aka yi da shi ya zama abin ƙyama, kuma ƙarƙashin hawan haɗuwa na ciki kadan kadan fiye da nau'in da ake buƙata shine rami (girman), amma ya fi girma fiye da diamita na ciki. Bayan kayyade girman ramukan a ƙarƙashin sakonni, dole ne a rika la'akari da cewa lokacin da ka yanke ƙwallafi a ciki, ƙaddarar wani abu na baya-bayan nan da ke baya a cikin samuwar bayanan filaye ya auku. Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da kaddarorin kayan abin da ake yin hawan hakar, rage girman rawanin da 0.1 mm.

Ƙididdigar kwayoyi tare da zane-zane

Koshin yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka gyara, wanda yana da zane na ciki. Sun bambanta a tsawo da dangantaka da diamita da ƙarfi, bisa ga manufar da kuma sanyi. Mafi yawan amfani da su shine kwayoyi don maɓalli ko hex, wannan jerin su ne tare da nuni na GOSTs:

• GOST 5915-70 - matsakaici matsakaici;
• GOST 15523-70 - high;
• GOST 22354-77 - Ƙara ƙarfi;
• GOST 5916-70 - low nut tare da wurin;
• GOST 10605-94 - don zafin fuska fiye da 48 mm.

Akwai dalilai masu yawa da manufar musamman, a nan akwai wasu misalai da GOSTs:

• Nau'in hoton (haɗakarwa) - GOST 11860-85;
• Don takaddama na gwaninta (nut-rago) - GOST 3032-74;
• Slotted kambi - GOST 5919-73;
• Rounded tare da rami - GOST 11871-88, GOST 10657-80;
• Zagaye, tare da ƙarshe, ramukan ramuka - GOST 6393-73;
• Don yin gyaran aiki (ido-ido) - GOST 22355 (DIN580, DIN 582).

Matsayi mafi mahimmanci na haɗin haɗi shine daidaitawa da kwayoyi da zaren. Dabi'u mafi m tare da manyan farar zaren nuna a tebur a kasa inda S - da girman da key, e - nisa daga cikin kwaya, da kuma m - rufinta.

Table na daidaituwa na zaren da kwayoyi (GOST 5915-70 da GOST 10605-94)

Tsarin

Ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci sun dace da GOST 24705-2004, wanda ke daidaita daidaitattun - ISO 724: 1993 (rarraba ƙasa). Wannan GOST tun daga ranar 1 Yulin Yuli, 2005 shine ka'idar jihar Rasha da kuma la'akari da bukatun tattalin arzikin wasu kasashe 12, tsoffin mambobin kungiyar ta USSR, wadanda suka zabe shi. A ƙarƙashin aikinsa, nauyin nau'i na nau'i nau'i na GOST 9150 don wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci sun haɗa, da diameters da matakai na GOST 8724.

Ta hanyar daidaituwa, wannan GOST tana nufin tsarin ƙasa da ƙasa na kasa:

• GOST 8724-2002 (ISO 261-1998);
• GOST 9150-2002 (ISO 68-1: 1998);
• GOST 11708-82;
• GOST 16093-2004 (ISO 965-1: 1998 da ISO 965-3: 1998).

Wannan GOST yana gyara dukkan mahimmanci, juriya masu dacewa, kalmomi da ƙididdiga don ƙididdige sigogi:

• D ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = D - 0.6495 P;
• d ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = d - 0.6495 P;
• D ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = D - 1.0825 P;
• d ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = d - 1.0825 P;
• d ₃ = d - 2 17/24 H = d - 1,2267 P.

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin rayuwa ta zamani ba tare da inji da inji ba, har ma ya fi wuya a yi tunanin wata fasaha ba tare da ɗakunan da ke ba da lada ba. Amfani, dangin zumunta na sauƙi da yin amfani da jin dadi sun tabbatar da cewa haɗin keɓaɓɓen wuri ne mai daraja a tarihin duniya.