Misalai aromorphosis a tsire-tsire da dabbobi

Aromorphosis - shi ne Na'urar canje-canje na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da faruwa a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta, suna da babban muhimmanci, kuma suna da nufin kyautata kungiyar, wanda qara lamarinsa.

A total darajar aromorphoses

Fitowan aromorphoses ne muhimmanci a gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikin abin da wannan canje-canje faruwa, zama mafi sanya sõyayya zuwa muhalli da yanayi da kuma iya Master da sabon yanayi. Aromorphosis misali ne wani juyin canji, wadda take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar sabon, m kungiyoyin na kwayoyin.

Formation aromorphoses mai tsawo, da kuma ake dangantawa da hereditary canzawa. Bugu da kari, da darajar a fitowan da sabon Properties na halittu masu rai ne zabin halitta ', tsira a lokacin da mafi saba kwayoyin. Suna da mafi physiological damar don yin yaki domin su zama da kuma samar da karin zuriya da amfani Properties cewa an shige zuwa ƙarni na gaba.

Za mu iya cewa shi ne wani muhimmin aromorphosis morphophysiological tsari. Yana take kaiwa zuwa mafi hadaddun kwayoyin, wanda suke kasa da dogara a kan muhalli da yanayi.

Aromorphoses shuke-shuke

Progressive canje-canje hali na shuke-shuke. Su ba da labari ba kawai don inganta morphological fasali, haka sau da yawa maimakon "aromorphosis" ajalin amfani da kalmar "arogenez", wanda yake nufin "asali".

Ana zargin daban-daban na algae da ake dangantawa da wata daban-daban hade da morphological dũkiyarsu da kuma ikon photosynthesize, amma real masana'anta ba su yi, don haka suka suna dauke farko na cikin ruwa kwayoyin (juyin canje-canje a cikin tsarin ba su da samuwa).

Idan ka saka misalai aromorphosis, mafi muhimmanci iya kira bambantawa daga kyallen takarda, wanda ya jagoranci zuwa fitowan da terrestrial mafi girma shuke-shuke. A mafi m daga gare su - shi mosses, a matsayin bambance na sel shige talauci a wadannan shuke-shuke, da tushen da ya bace, da kuma harbe halin da m tsarin.

A gaba muhimmanci aromorphosis ya da rabo daga cikin shuka jiki tserewa, da kuma tushen. A nan gaba, wani spore shuke-shuke, da suka hada da ferns, horsetails da kuma kulob din mosses, amma su har yanzu ba su da tsaba da kuma sporophyte tasowa daga amfrayo, wanda shi ne kadan differen. Amma ga hadi yana bukatar ruwa, shi ne wasu har ya takaita da tartsatsi spore shuke-shuke.

Misalai a cikin shuke-shuke aromorphosis

Idan muka magana game da m canje-canje a tsarin da kuma tsarin da shuke-shuke, shi ya kamata a tuna da Gymnosperms sashen, wanda mambobin da yawan aromorphoses:

• suna da wani ovule, wanda tasowa endosperm (mace gametophyte).
• ne pollen hatsi da cewa germinate hirtsinta tube. namiji gametophyte kafa. domin hadi ba ya bukatar ruwa.
• a wadannan shuke-shuke da tsaba da cewa an hada da kyau-bambanta kumshe da endosperm, wanda shine tushen gina jiki ga ci gaban da tayi.

Domin zuriya shuke-shuke cikin wani angiosperms. Sun fito a cikin Jurassic lokaci. Misalai aromorphosis wannan sashen da wadannan shuke-shuke:

• su ko da yaushe suna da wani rufaffiyar carpel ovules (da pistil).
• Akwai na musamman "koto" - da Nectar da perianths cewa samar da entomophily - pollination ta hanyar kwari, wanda aka halin daidaito na aiwatar a cikin wani takamaiman jinsin da kuma ba da damar kasancewar daban-daban shuke-shuke.
• angiosperms halin tayi jakar kwai tare da wani tsarin wanda damar da nassi na biyu hadi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke hada game da 250 jinsunan da ke kan hanyar nazarin halittu ci gaba. Saboda haka, angiosperms aka wakilta daban-daban rayuwa siffofin (cewa itatuwa, shrubs, inabõbi, ciyawa, na cikin ruwa wakilan), wanda aka kullum ana inganta game da tsarin da kuma ayyuka na mutum sassa.

Evolutionary canje-canje a cikin tsarin da dabbobi

Eukaryotic kwayoyin, wanda aka halin da heterotrophic irin ikon ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa fungi da kuma dabbobi. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne guda-celled kwayoyin da cewa ba su da wani nama. A cikin Proterozoic zamanin bayyana kwayar invertebrate tãlikai. A mafi m dabbobi sun biyu-Layer, misali Coelenterates. Misalai aromorphosis dabbobi na wannan kungiyar - dual Layer da tayi jiki, wanda ya kunshi biyu zanen gado - da ectoderm da indodem.

A gaba manyan kyautata tsarin da aka fitowan na tsakiyar jam Layer - da mesodam, wanda tsokani nama bambantawa da kuma fitowan na sashin jiki da tsarin (lebur da zagaye tsutsotsi). Aromorphosis wadannan fitowan da dukan - sakandare kogo, ta hanyar abin da dabbobi jiki fara da za a rarraba su zuwa sassan.

Samun protostomes m (msl, Annelida), wanda tuni ya parapodia (m reshe) da kuma homonomous segmented jiki. Misalai aromorphosis cewa ya faru daga baya a kan, - bayyanar heteronomous jiki rabawa da kuma jointed wata gabar jiki (da ciwon Arthropoda). A farkon da Devonian ya fita a ƙasar gizo-gizo da kuma kwari da cewa sun samu tsanani aromorphosis - fitowan da tayi membranes.

Juyin Halitta deuterostome

Bayyanar da wadannan kwayoyin notochord, na tsarin jijiya tube, na ciki lakã, sa'an nan da zuciya kai ga samuwar wani sabon nau'in - chordates. A nan gaba, kifi tasowa visceral da axial kwarangwal. Saboda haka, da suka yi lura da gaban da zagayayyen kwanya da muƙamuƙi na ragargaje.

A fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi kuma shige da dama da muhimmanci aromorphoses (na huhu numfasawa bayyana da wadannan mana) cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

Ci gaba da bunkasa amniotes, wanda ya uku da amfrayo membranes. A farko wakilan su karfe dabbobi masu rarrafe. Su ne m daga ruwa, amma saboda rashin rufaffiyar wurare dabam dabam ba zai iya sarrafa akai jiki zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da wani taro nau'i nau'i a karshen da Mesozoic.

Bugu da ari misalai aromorphosis - cikakken bayyanar da bangare tsakanin ventricles a cikin zuciya. Yana yiwuwa a rarrabe dabam, abu don bayyanar dumin jiki dabbobi, wanda baya samu cikin ikon tashi. Kamar haka ya tashi da aji na Birds.

Aromorphoses da ya kai ga zargin dabbobi masu shayarwa

A dabba bace-kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe ƙarshe girma forebrain yammancin duniya ɓullo da bawo, akwai wani hudu gidajen zuciya, ya ɗauki rage daga cikin aortic baka. Bugu da kari, dabbobi masu shayarwa ya tashi saboda bayyanar da auditory ossicles, gashi kuma mammary bambantawa hakora a Alveoli. Wadannan misali aromorphosis dabbobi masu shayarwa - bayyanar da Mahaifa da kuma wani live haihuwa.

Saboda haka, ciyar da 'yan maruƙa madara, da m ci gaban da huhu, kwakwalwa, jijiyoyi, kazalika da dama sauran aromorphoses - sa kaifi karuwa a general matakin na kungiyar na dabbobi da kuma zargin mafi girma kwayoyin.

A karshe gagarumin aromorphosis za a iya kira da karuwa a kwakwalwa na mutum kakanninsa (epimorphosis). Kamar yadda na yau, Homo sapiens ya ƙware Na'urar ƙasar yankin da ya tsokani bayyanar da noosphere. A wannan yanayin, da Organic duniya ya shiga wani sabon zamanin - psihozoynuyu.

Don takaice, ya kamata a ce cewa manyan aromorphoses kai ga kãmun sabon habitats da zargin sabon kwayoyin da musamman fasali da wasa a manyan rawa a cikin tsarin juyin halitta.