Mikhail Tukhachevsky: photo, a takaice biography na Tuhachevskogo Mihaila Nikolaevicha

Tukhachevsky kasance daya daga cikin mafi talented da kuma sanannun shugabannin Red Army a lokacin yakin basasa. Ya kasance daga waɗanda aka farko biyar shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet. Tukhachevsky aka harbe a 1937 a lokacin da purges a cikin Red Army.

A zabi na soja aiki

Tukhachevsky aka haife Fabrairu 16, 1893 cikin wani daraja iyali. Yaron a farkon yara ya m na music. Ya koya yi wasa da goge. Da yawa daga baya, da soja suka zama abokai tare da mawaki Dmitri Shostakovich.

A kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na farko Mihail Tuhachevsky Alexandrov ya sauke karatu daga soja makaranta. Ya kasance mafi kyau a cikin horo da kuma ilimi yi tsakanin su takwarorina. Kafin Tukhachevsky bude m aiki al'amurra. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1914, sojoji yanke shawarar zuwa da Semenov rajimanti. A nan gaba, ya iya zuwa Academy of Gaba Staff.

A shekara kafin a Moscow, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, a lokacin bikin na 300th tunawa da Romanov daular, aka gabatar da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. A nan gaba, cikin rayuwarsa mai sarauta, da kuma daga baya Soviet jami'in nemi a cimma iyakar a kan su aiki filin. Ba tare da wani shakka, ya kasance m, kuma m. Mutane da yawa abokai da kuma acquaintances idan aka kwatanta shi zuwa Napoleon. Alal misali, ya irrepressible kishi a memoirs, da aka buga a Prague a 1928, ya tuno da classmate Vladimir Postoronkin.

A tsarist sojojin

Sau da yawa, Mikhail Tukhachevsky karfi da kasai da kuma shiga shubuha ayyuka domin su dauki amfani da kunno kai damar a gaban shi. Kamar yadda soja, ya kasance sosai m ya zama a lokacin da Rasha dandana farko Duniya da kuma yakin basasa.

Kaifin, da kuma na gaba episode. Ko da a cikin sau da zaman lafiya, da koyo daga m shekara ta soja makaranta, Mikhail Tukhachevsky rubuta wani rahoto da shugabanci, wanda ya ruwaito a rashin ladabi na junior cadets. Yana fara shari'ar. A sakamakon haka, uku Junkers (Krasovskiy, Avdeev da Janowski) halaka kai.

Jamus talala

A lokacin yakin duniya na, Tukhachevsky aka kama da Jamusawa. A zango, a Ingolstadt, ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga nan gaba shugaban kasar Faransa Charles de Gaulle. Sa'an nan yanayi na zaman talala ba kamar da, misali, a cikin taro sansani na Nazi Jamus. Fursunoni saki a kan alƙawari a kan iznin, a wani gari da ke kusa. Amfani da wannan tsarin, indulgences, bafade ya gudu.

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, takaice dai biography wanda a matsayin filin soja fara daga Jamus zaman talala, suka ƙi Jamus. Tuni a cikin tarayyar Soviet, kamar yadda mataimakin Commissar tsaron, ya sau da yawa taka leda tare da diatribes da wannan kasa.

Yaren mutanen Poland yaƙin neman zaɓe

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, Tukhachevsky shiga cikin Bolsheviks. A Red Army, ya samu nasara da sauri da kuma daraja. A cikin bazara na 1920 Tukhachevsky aka nada shugaban Western Front, inda ta Red Army yake yaƙi da Poland. A wannan lokaci, da White motsi aka ci kusan ko'ina. Yanzu, da Bolsheviks sun iya motsawa zuwa ga aiwatar da ta shirya na duniya juyin juya halin. Idan Red Army mamaye Poland, da ma'aikatan tawaye iya fara a cikin sauran kasashen Turai. Lenin sa'an nan sa a gaba da sanannen slogan "A Warsaw zuwa Berlin da kuma Paris."

A apogee na farko na Tukhachevsky ya fitowan na Red Army a cikin unguwannin da Polish babban birnin kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta. Duk da haka, kwanaki biyu bayan shi ya fara wani counteroffensive Pilsudski. A sakamakon haka, da Dogayen sanda suka zo Minsk. Shi ne mai duka rout. Ya aka ba da nasaba da gazawar da Tukhachevsky da kaina, amma kawai ta bayyana haƙiƙa dalilai. Rasha ya yi yaƙi domin 7 shekaru daga farkon yakin duniya na farko. Su aka ƙãre ba. A daidai wannan lokaci da juyin juya halin Musulunci yanayi na ma'aikata a Poland sun yawa weaker fiye da so na kasa 'yancin kai. Domin mutanen wannan kasa zuwa na Bolsheviks ya da farko zuwa na Rasha.

storming na Kronstadt

The yarjejeniya da Poland da aka sa hannu ranar 18 ga Maris 1921, a lokacin da Tukhachevsky mur da tawaye a Kronstadt. Ya zo a cikin Petrograd 5 lambobi. Ya aka umurce su su magance tare da m matuƙan a kan wani kusa tsibirin har Maris 8, lokacin da ya shirya bude X Congress na jam'iyyar.

Ya fara shahara storming na cadets, masu jerin gwanon a fadin kankara na Gulf of Finland. A lokaci guda, Lenin a wani taro na ofishin siyasa na amince da soke ragi-appropriation da haka cika daya daga cikin bukatun da 'yan tawayen matuƙan, wanda rustic iyali da jin matsananciyar yunwa saboda Bolsheviks kwashe dukan amfanin gona. The fitina aka mur bayan na biyu hari a kan Maris 18. A kan Hauwa'u na da m matuƙan ajiye makamansu, wanke bene, ya jira ya ƙaddara. Wasu daga cikin su yi hijira zuwa Finland.

A danniya na baƙauye tawaye

A Kronstadt tawaye shi ne na farko da wani ɓangare na soja yaƙin neman zaɓe na Bolsheviks a 1921. Bayan fatattakar 'matuƙan Tukhachevsky tafi Antonovskiy kashe tawaye. Wannan baƙauye haddin shari'a ya fara a cikin Tambov lardin a tsakiyar 1920. Shugaban 'yan tawayen ya Alexander Antonov, saboda abin da ya zama da aka sani da counter-yunkuri "Antonovites". M tare da Soviet hukumomin 'yan kyauyen dauki makamai da kuma kafa kungiyar tarayyar na aiki peasantry. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ko soma da kansa siyasa ajanda. peasantry ake bukata shi ne kifar da ƙi Bolsheviks da majalisar da aka kafa. Antonov ta taso ne saboda na m yunwa a kauyen saboda da ragi da ruinous manufofin yaki kwaminisanci.

A watan Afrilu 1921, Efraim Sklyansky, tsohon hannun dama na Trotsky da mataimakinsa a Revolutionary Soja Council, Lenin aika wani memo a cikin abin da ya kawo shawara yi Tukhachevskogo yafi alhakin shan kashi da 'yan tawayen Tambov. A gwarzo na yakin basasa, duk da haka, ba su yãƙi mutãnensu. An amince da cewa Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich aka nada tafin kafa kwamandan a cikin Tambov lardin, ba tare da wani talla a jaridu. Soja ba wata rabu da mu "Antonov gangs." A lokaci guda Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich samu daga cibiyar na da cikakken 'yanci na aiki. Lokaci ya nuna cewa ya dauki shi a kashe.

The yaki tare da guerrillas

A May 6, Tambov zo Mikhail Tukhachevsky. A takaice dai biography na mutum shi ne misalin abin da ya faru da kuma abin mamaki aiki takeoff. Kadawa a Poland, da shugaban sa a giciye a nan gaba. Amma a 1921, ya, godiya ga danniya na Kronstadt tawaye da kuma tawaye Antonovskoe, ba kawai da za shi barata a cikin idanu na Politburo, amma kuma samun wata damar kara inganta jami'in a cikin Red Army.

Bayan kiyasta halin da ake ciki a ƙasa, Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich May 12 ya zartas da dokar da lambar 130, bisa ga abin da guerrillas sun manoma mika wuya. Idan 'yan tawayen bai ajiye makamansu, iyalinsa sun cafke. Yan'uwa na makonni biyu kiyaye a cikin na musamman taro sansani. Idan manomi bai da aka sanar, sa'an nan kuma, da iyali tashi zuwa Siberia.

Da wannan bango, a ranar 28 May, da Red Army tafi a kan m. Yuni 11 ya da wani sabon tsari, marubucin wanda ya Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich. Yanzu, sojoji samu dama don a harba mutane suka ki kiran kansu da sunan. By Agusta, ga fitar ya halartar game da 70 dubu iyalansu. Sha'awa, da Army Tukhachevsky suppressed tawaye Antonovites da kuma nan gaba gwarzo na 26 shekaru na Great Patriotic War Georgy Zhukov.

A amfani da makamai masu guba

A Tambov lardin Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich dauki wani sabon dabara na yaki. Tuni a cikin 30s, yayin da a Zenith ya aiki, ya rubuta da kuma soja ne msar tambayar rubuce-rubucen. Da dama kayan da aka kishin da makamai masu guba. Aiwatar da gas Tukhachevsky shawarar dalibai daga Eagle. Wannan fasaha da ake amfani da fumigate manoma daga gandun daji.

Gas fara fara tare da wani bata lokaci ne kawai bayan Moscow kawo masks. New dabara ta haifa 'ya'yan. A tsakiyar watan Yuli 1921, Lenin samu wani rahoton cewa Soviet ikon da aka kafa a cikin Tambov lardin ko'ina. Marubucin na takarda da aka Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Biography of 28-shekara yaki alama wani nasara a kan na Red Army. Antonov danniya na baƙauye tawaye ya tsororuwar ya yi a cikin sojojin. Tun daga nan, ya rike manyan mukamai, amma yaki bai faru ba.

"Demon na yakin basasa"

Abin da yake haka muhimmanci ga tarihi na Soviet Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich? A biography wannan mutumin ne mai cikakken misali na yin amfani da sarki jami'in a cikin Red Army. A Bolsheviks zo ikon, sun iya lashe yakin basasa, sun fi mayar da godiya ga cewa ya fara yin hadin gwiwa tare da sojoji masana, waɗanda suka bauta wa sarki.

A Mafarin wannan m siyasa ya zama shugaban Revolutionary Soja Majalisar Lev Trotsky. A hannu na irin jami'an kamar yadda Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, a cikin yakin basasa ya nuna yadda dama ya Lev Davidovich. Su ne a mutunta mutane da yawa, ta hanyar, sun kama. Trotsky da ake kira "aljanin na juyin juya halin." Lev Davidovich kansa ya nuna babban yabo Tukhachevsky. Da zarar ya ce game da sojojin a matsayin "ruhu na yakin basasa."

Jami'an tsaro a gunpoint

A shekara ta 1929, da Jamusanci m sabis kaddamar misinformation cewa wakili na Jamus Janar Staff ne ba kawai wani, kuma Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Photo kyaftin sa'an nan ya juya zuwa ga masu zaman kansu al'amarinsu na Soviet asirin 'yan sanda. Ko a cikin birnin da aka akai yakin da purges a cikin Red Army. Sojojin kama da dama dubu tsarist sanda. Biyu daga gare su (Trinity da Kokorin) ya ba da shaida a kan Tukhachevsky. Tsohon qarqashinsu zarge shi da karairayi da gwamnatin da kuma sha'awar shirya wani juyin mulkin soja.

A tambaya, Kokorin da Triniti ya ruwaito Stalin. A sa'an nan, a 1930, da al'ummai shugaban yanke shawarar al'adar Tukhachevsky. A soja shugaban da aka sanya baki mark. Duk da haka, Stalin jira 'yan more shekaru, a hankali shirya domin a total tsarkakewa na Red Army da ya faru a lokacin da bantsoro.

A farkon thirties Tukhachevsky shi ne shugaban Leningrad Soja District. Nuwamba 7, 1933, ranar tunawa da Oktoba juyin juya halin, ya jagoranci farati a kan Red Square. A 1935, ya zama daya daga cikin na farko biyar shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet. A shekara daga baya, da kwamandan soja da aka nada mataimakin Tsaro Commissar Voroshilov.

fadowa

A wannan lokaci, da tashin hankali girma a Turai. A Jamus, da Nazis zo da wuta. Yana gabatowa yaki, da kuma Stalin ta mistrust girma karfi. Shi ne ya tsõro domin kansa ikon da aka babban dalilin da danniya a cikin Red Army. Popular, in mun gwada matasa da kuma ilimi da Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky a cikin babban yakin Stalin aka ba da ake bukata.

May 1, 1937, bayan da farati, saman Soviet shugabanci ya ci gaba da wannan bikin Apartment a Voroshilov. Stalin sa'an nan zuwa maku yabo ce cewa "makiyansa" a kasar za a iya gano da kuma hallaka. A danniya ya riga ya fara, amma sojojin bai riga ya taba. A 'yan kwanaki bayan wannan scene m Tukhachevsky aka sallame daga post na mataimakin jama'ar kasar Commissar tsaron. Ya aka aika zuwa umarci Volga Soja District.

Mayu 22, 1937 Marshal kama a Kuibyshev. A lokacin da tambaya, Tukhachevsky yarda cewa shirya wani juyin mulkin soja. Don yin wannan, ya yi zargin da aka je tsara Red Army shan kashi a gaba yaki da Jamusawa ko da Japan. Yuni 11 Tukhachevsky aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa saboda leken asirin da kuma cin amanar kasa. Ya aka harbe wannan dare. Marshall aka posthumously gyara a shekarar 1957.