Space da kuma cosmonauts

A zamanin mulkin Khrushchev a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka tuna ba kawai maras ban sha'awa da kuma guda irin gidaje, masara da kuma narke. A lokacin da lokacin Nikita Khrushchev ya fara wani sarari makamai tseren tsakanin biyu superpowers na lokaci: Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka. Cosmonauts aka sani a kowace kusurwa na m duniya. Yana sũ ne suka kasance na farko a cikin sararin samaniya, da zarar da isar da mutane. A gwagwarmayar sarari ya zama wani ɓangare na al'adu, akida da kuma fasaha kishi tsakanin kasashen biyu, ta haka ne da nazarin halittu ya na ba kawai soja da kimiyya yanayi, amma kuma zamantakewa.

Na farko mutum ya zama a sarari kuma a kan Duniya ta kewayewa ya zama duniya da aka sani a yau Yu. A. Gagarin. Cosmonauts sun yi kama da sanannen heroes of Greek almara. Sun kasance sũ ne m, gaskiya da kuma jarumi. Suka kawo mai yawa da hankali, ba kawai domestically, amma kuma kasashen waje. Maganganunsu wuce sauka da kalma daga bakin da akwai manyan gani a cikin al'adunsu. Alal misali, bayan na farko da jirgin a cikin sarari, Yuri Gagarin ziyarci fiye da talatin da kasashe da kuma ya yi tafiya a baje a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Ba abin mamaki ba, domin ba shi da fuskarsa, kuma sunan sun zama real alama ce da banner da kuma Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin na farko sarari superpower, aikata wani manned jirgin cikin sarari. Maris 25, 1968, Soviet cosmonaut fado a kan jirgin a lokacin horo. Ranar ban tausayi mutuwar Kanar Gagarin ya zama wani zaman makoki.

A farko cosmonauts ba kawai maza. Yuni 16, 1963 ya shiga sararin samaniya da kuma mace ta farko - Valentina Tereshkova - jirgin "Vostok-6". Tarayyar Soviet ya so ya kawo mata biyu cosmonaut cikin sarari guda, amma a karshen da zabi fadi a kan kawai daya Tereshkova. A selection na farko mace a sarari aka za'ayi kamar yadda tauri kamar maza. Suna da suke ciyarwa kwana goma a cikin kadaici jam'iyya, domin ya raya m jiki obalodi da kuma high yanayin zafi, kazalika da sha laima horo zama dole. Yana da daraja ambata cewa zabi zuwa Valentina Tereshkova kuma fadi, kuma ta nagarta na aji asalin: shi ne daga wani sauki aiki-aji iyali, yayin da sauran contenders sun kasance daga iyalan ma'aikata.

Modern cosmonautics a Rasha ne a wani lokaci na stagnation da kuma na baya cikin sharuddan da Amurka sarari shirin. Cosmonauts gurguzu sau mafi shahara fiye da su Rasha takwarorinsu. Wannan shi ne saboda da rage daga cikin kudaden zuba jari, a sarari bincike a cikin kasar. A shekara ta 2009, da ci gaban cosmonautics a Rasha da aka kashe kawai 2.8 biliyan. Dollars, yayin da United States kashe a wannan fanni 48,8 biliyan. Dollars.

Known masana kimiyya a fagen astronautics, kamar Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Oberth da kuma Robert Goddard - wannan sarari heroes. Cosmonauts da kuma US 'yan saman jannati ne kusan pop, gumaka ne, yayin da babban masana kimiyya suna manta. Amma shi ya Konstantin Tsiolkovsky farko samarwa da yin amfani da roka for sarari jirgin, kuma Hermann Oberth bayyana ka'idojin da irin wannan jirgin.

Don kwanan wata, an sama jannati na iya zama kusan kowa da kowa. Space yawon shakatawa da aka tasowa wuce yarda da sauri. Kuma idan wani m so ganin "blue ball" da kaina ba bar kanka, kana bukatar ka samu mai kyau kiwon lafiya, da kuma 63 da dala miliyan a aljihunka.