Mene ne wani tama? Tama ajiya. tama Rasha

Bayan da sanannun man fetur da kuma iskar gas, akwai sauran muhimman ma'adanai. Wadannan sun hada da ores, wanda ake mined for ferrous da nonferrous karafa ta sake amfani. A gaban tama adibas - shi ne dũkiyar kowace ƙasa.

Mene ne wani tama?

Kowace daga cikin kimiyyar yanayin halitta a kansa amsoshin wannan tambaya. Mineralogy kayyade tama ma'adanai a matsayin tara, da binciken na wanda wajibi ne don inganta hakar tsari daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wadanda, da kuma sunadarai da karatunsa da elemental abun da ke ciki na tama don gane da ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun ciki na karafa a cikinta.

Geology ne idan akai la'akari da tambaya: "Mene ne tama" cikin sharuddan da ya dace su masana'antu amfani, saboda wannan kimiyya ne da nazarin da tsarin da kuma matakai da ke faruwa a duniya ta ciki, yanayi na samuwar duwatsu da kuma ma'adanai, bincike na sabon ma'adinai adibas. Su wakiltar yankunan kan Duniya ta surface, a kan abin da sakamakon ma'aunan kasa matakai tara isa yawa ga masana'antu amfani ma'adinai tsarin.

ilimi ores

Saboda haka, tambaya: "Mene ne tama?" Za a amsa a cikakkiyar hanya. Ore - wani dutse da masana'antu karafa abun ciki a cikin shi. Kawai a cikin wannan harka da shi yana da darajar. ƙarfe tama magma kafa a lokacin da sanyaya, wanda qunshi mahadi daga gare ta. Duk da haka, da suka crystallize, shi ne rarraba most of ta atomic nauyi. A mafi tsanani shirya zuwa kasa na magma kuma kasaftawa a raba Layer. Wasu ma'adanai samar da kankara, da kuma sauran magma hydrothermal ruwa shimfidawa a kan wõfintattu. Abubuwa žunsa aciki, congealing ta samar da strands. Rocks, collapsing ƙarƙashin rinjayar da na halitta sojojin, an ajiye a kan tushe na tafkunan, forming laka. Dangane da abun da ke ciki na kankara kafa daban-daban karfe tama.

Karafa

Iri wadannan ma'adanai bambanta da yawa. Mene ne tama, musamman iron? Idan tama ƙunshi isasshen adadin ga masana'antu aiki na karfe, shi ne ake kira da wani ƙarfe. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a asalin, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki, da kuma abun ciki na karfe impurities da kuma wanda zai iya zama da amfani. Yawanci, wannan rakiya ba ferrous karafa, kamar chromium ko nickel, amma akwai ma cutarwa - sulfur ko phosphorus.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na baƙin ƙarfe ores gabatar da daban-daban oxides da hydroxides, ko carbonic acid salts baƙin ƙarfe oxide. By da ake ci gaba ores ne ja, ruwan kasa, da kuma magnetite da hematite - su suna dauke da mafi arziki da kuma dauke da karfe fiye da 50%. By matalauta hada da waɗanda a cikin abin kasa amfani abun da ke ciki - 25%.

A abun da ke ciki na da Karafa

Magnetic tama ne da baƙin ƙarfe oxide. Ya ƙunshi fiye da 70% m, amma aka samu a adibas da sulfur pyrites, wani lokaci tare da tutiya blende da kuma sauran abokai. Lodestone yana dauke da mafi kyau na ores amfani. Hematite ma ya ƙunshi har zuwa 70% na baƙin ƙarfe. Red baƙin ƙarfe - baƙin ƙarfe oxide - daya daga cikin m karfe samarwa kafofin. A kasa-kasa analogs da har zuwa 60% na karfe abun ciki da kuma samu tare da impurities, wani lokacin cutarwa. Su ne mai ruwa-ruwa da baƙin ƙarfe oxide da kuma tare da kusan dukan baƙin ƙarfe ores. Su ma dace sauƙi na samar, aiki, duk da haka, da karfe samu daga irin wannan tama na low quality.

Bisa ga tama ajiya asalin, sun kasu kashi uku manyan kungiyoyin.

1. Na ciki ko magmatogene. Su samuwar ne saboda geochemical matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin zurfin duniya ta ɓawon burodi, magmatic events.
2. Exogenous, ko surface, da adibas aka halitta a sakamakon tafiyar matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin farfajiya yanki na duniya ta ɓawon burodi, wato, a kan tushe na tabkuna, da kõguna da tekuna.
3. Metamorphogenic adibas aka kafa a isa zurfin daga ƙasa surface karkashin babban matsin da wannan zazzabi.

Tama a kasar

Rasha ne mai arziki a cikin wani iri-iri na filayen. Duniya most - ne da Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, hada da kusan 50% na duniya reserves. A wannan yankin, da Magnetic anomaly aka lura a cikin XVIII karni, amma ci gaban da adibas fara kawai a cikin 30s na karshe karni. tama reserves a cikin pool da wani babban abun ciki na m karfe, suna auna a biliyoyin ton da kuma kasancewa bude ko karkashin kasa Hanyar.

Bakchar tama ajiya, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a kasar da kuma duniya, ya bude a cikin 60s na karshe karni. tama reserves a cikinsu, da wani taro na tsarki da baƙin ƙarfe, da 60% ne game da 30 ya kai tan biliyan.

A Krasnoyarsk Territory ne Abagasskoe filin - tare da magnetite ores. Yana da aka gano a cikin 30-ies karni na karshe, duk da haka, shi ya fara ci gaba ne kawai a rabin karni. A Arewa da ta Kudu zones na pool kasancewa bude-rami karafa, da kuma ainihin adadin reserves ne 73 ton miliyan.

Bude a 1856, shi ne har yanzu a karfi Abakan tama ajiya. Da farko ci gaba da aka gudanar bude hanyar da tare da 60-ies na XX karni - karkashin kasa a zurfin mita 400. m karfe abun ciki na tama zo zuwa 48%.

nickel tama

Mene ne wani tama na nickel? Ma'adinai tsarin wanda ake amfani da sayar da samar da wannan karfe, kira nickel ores. Akwai sulfide da tagulla, da nickel abun ciki na m karfe hudu bisa dari, kuma silicate nickel ores, wanda shi ne irin wannan adadi zuwa 2.9%. A farko da irin ajiya ne yawanci da irin magma, kuma silicate ores suna located a yankunan na weathering ɓawon burodi.

A ci gaba da nickel masana'antu a Rasha an haɗa da cin gaban su wuri a cikin Tsakiya Urals a tsakiyar XIX karni. Kusan 85% sulphide adibas sun mayar da hankali a Norilsk yankin. Adibas a kan Taimyr Larabawa a cikin richness kuma bambancin reserves na ma'adanai - mafi girma mafi musamman a duniya, wanda shi ne 56 na lokaci-lokaci tebur na abubuwa. A kan ingancin nickel ores Rasha ba na baya zuwa wasu kasashen, da kuma amfani ne da cewa sun bugu da žari dauke da rare abubuwa.

A cikin Kola Larabawa na da game da goma bisa dari na nickel sulphide albarkatu a cikin filayen da Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Urals ɓullo da silicate adibas.

Ore Rasha an halin da lambar kuma iri-iri ake bukata ga masana'antu aikace-aikace. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, su ne hadaddun yanayi na samar, m rarraba a fadin kasar, a mismatch na hanya kasafi a yankin tare da wani yawa na yawan jama'a.