Mene ne duhu al'amari? ko duhu kwayar halitta ta wanzu?

A tambaya ta asali na sararin duniya, ta baya da kuma nan gaba na dami mutane tun a tarihi mai nisa. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, ka'idar tashi da aka hana, miƙa wani hoto na duniya, dangane san data. Na sosai tura zuwa kimiyya duniya ya zama Einstein ta ka'idar dangantakar. Ta ya sanya wani babban taimako ga fahimtar da matakai da siffar talikai. Duk da haka, ka'idar dangantakar ba zai iya da'awar cewa su ne na ƙarshe gaskiya, wanda ba ya bukatar wani add-kan da. Inganta fasahar sun yarda Masana ilmin yi a baya iya tsammani binciken, wanda ake bukata wani sabon msar tambayar tsarin ko da wani gagarumin fadada daga cikin data kasance guzuri. Daya daga cikin wadannan mamaki shi ne duhu al'amarin. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

Lokuta da bygone kwanaki

Domin fahimtar da Kalmar "duhu al'amarin," baya ga farkon karni na karshe. Duk da yake ar fahimtar sararin samaniya a matsayin tsit tsarin. A halin yanzu, janar ka'idar dangantakar (GTR) zaci cewa jima ko daga baya da karfi na janye zai kai ga "tarewa" na sarari abubuwa a guda nada, za a abin da ake kira gravitational auka. Tsakanin sarari abubuwa, babu wani m sojojin. Mutual janye cika da centrifugal sojojin don ƙirƙirar wani m motsi na taurari, da taurari da kuma sauran jikinsa. Kamar wancan shi goyon ma'auni tsarin.

Domin ya hana auka daga cikin ka'idojin duniya, Einstein gabatar cosmological m - darajar sakamakon shi a tsarin zuwa so kwari jihar, amma a zahiri ƙirƙira da ciwon wani kwakkwaran dalili ba.

The fadada Universe

Kwamfuta da kuma bude Friedmann da Hubble sun nuna babu bukatar su karya da siririn lissafai na janar dangantakar yin amfani da sabon m. An tabbatar, da kuma a yau wannan al'amari kusan ba wanda a cikin shakka cewa duniya ne fadada, shi ne da zarar farkon da stationarity na magana ba zai iya tafi. Kara ci gaba da na cosmology kai ga ka'idar Big Bang. Babban hujja daga cikin sabon zaton - A lura karuwa a lokacin, da nisa tsakanin taurari. Shi ne da ji na kudi na kau daga juna m sarari tsarin da kuma haifar da samuwar da suke cewa akwai duhu al'amarin da duhu makamashi.

A data ba daidai da ka'idar

Frits Tsvikki a shekarar 1931, kuma daga baya Jan Oort a 1932 da kuma a 1960 tsunduma a kirgawa da nauyin da dũkiyõyinsu a wani m tari na taurari da kuma alakarta da gudun su nesa da juna. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, masana kimiyya sun zo guda ƙarshe: da yawan irin wannan abubuwa ne bai isa ya nauyi halitta su iya rike tare taurari motsi a irin wannan high gudu. Zwicky da Oort hypothesized cewa akwai wani boye taro na duhu al'amari na sararin duniya, ba da damar sarari abubuwa watsar a daban-daban kwatance.

Duk da haka, da jarrabawa ya sami amincewa da kimiyya duniya kawai a cikin seventies, bayan sanarwar sakamakon Ruby ĩmãni. Yana gina juyawa masu lankwasa da cewa nuna dogaro da gudu daga cikin galaxy abu da nesa wanda ya raba shi daga tsarin cibiyar. Saba wa msar tambayar zato shi ne cewa gudun da taurari a matsayin nesa ba ya rage daga galactic cibiyar, da kuma girma. Don bayyana wannan hali iya kawai manyan malaman gaban Halo yawan taurari, wanda ya cika duhu al'amarin. Ilmin taurari ne kamar haka fuskanci wata gaba daya unexplored bangare na sararin duniya.

Properties da kuma abun da ke ciki

Wannan irin duhu al'amarin kira saboda ba za a iya gani da wani data kasance hanyoyin. Ta gaban da aka gane da yanayi hali shaida: duhu al'amarin halittawa gravitational filin da aka ba gaba ɗaya kãfirtarsu da electromagnetic taguwar ruwa.

A mafi muhimmanci aiki da ya taso kafin masana kimiyya, ya zuwa samu wani amsa ga wannan tambaya na abin da yake a cikin wannan al'amari. Astrophysics kokarin "cika" ta yawan baryon abu (baryonic al'amari kunshi wani fiye ko žasa da karatu protons, neutrons da electrons). A cikin duhu halos na taurari hada low emissivity m taurari kamar ruwan kasa dwarfs da kuma manyan, da nauyi kusa da duniyar da Jupiter. Duk da haka, wadannan zaton ba tsayayya aikita. Baryonic al'amari, a saba da sanannun, saboda haka, ba zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a boye taro na taurari.

Yau, da search for da ba a sani ba gyara da hannu a kimiyyar lissafi. Practical bincike dangane da ka'idar kimiyya Susy takaice, inda ya isa ga kowane sani barbashi akwai Susy tururi. Wannan ne suka sa har duhu al'amarin. Duk da haka, shaida daga cikin wanzuwar irin wannan barbashi ba za a iya samu har, watakila, da hali na kusa da nan gaba.

duhu makamashi

A gano wani sabon nau'in al'amari bai kawo karshen akwai surprises cewa shirya duniya masana kimiyya. A 1998, astrophysicists gabatar da wani damar kwatanta wadannan theories tare da facts. Wannan shekara da aka alama ta tashin bam na wani supernova a wani m galaxy daga gare mu. Masana ilmin sun auna nesa da shi, kuma shi ne sosai mamakin samu data: star flared up yawa kara fiye da ya kamata ya kasance bisa ga data kasance ka'idar. An gano cewa a kan lokaci, da kudi na fadada karuwa ne: shi ne a yanzu ya fi yadda da shi ya biliyan 14 shekaru da suka wuce, a lokacin da mai yiwuwa akwai wani babban fashewa.

Kamar yadda aka sani a gaggauta motsi na jiki, shi wajibi ne don aika da da makamashi. Force da cewa yana sa sararin samaniya don kara fadada sauri, zama da aka sani duhu makamashi. Wannan shi ne babu kasa m ɓangare na halittu fiye da duhu al'amarin. Mun dai san cewa shi ne halin da wani uniform rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma da tasiri za a iya rijista kawai a cikin sararin cosmic nisa.

Sake, da cosmological m

Dark makamashi Ya girgiza da ka'idar Big Bang. Part na kimiyya al'umma ne m game da yiwuwar irin wannan abu, da kuma sa ta bugun sama bazuwa. Wasu astrophysicists kokarin rayar da manta Einstein ta cosmological akai, wanda yake shi ne sake daga category na kimiyya kuskure iya tafi a yawan aiki shiriritar. Ta gaban a lissafai haifar antigravity, abu don hanzari da fadada. Duk da haka, wasu sakamakon gaban cosmological m ne ba daidai da observational data.

Yau, duhu al'amarin da duhu makamashi da cewa yin up mafi al'amarin a cikin sararin samaniya - wuyar warwarewa domin masana kimiyya. A unequivocal amsar tambayar da yanayi a can. Haka kuma, shi ba šauki asirin dake rike da mu daga sarari. Dark al'amarin da makamashi na iya zama wani share fage ga sabon binciken da zai iya canza yanayin rayuwan mu shawara na tsarin da sararin samaniya.