Dendrites - menene wannan? Tsari da kuma aiki dendridov

M nama hada da neurons da glia, ya yi aikin da jerin mafi hadaddun da muhimmanci ayyuka: emits suma lantarki hasken dake fitowa, wanda aka sa'an nan daukar kwayar cutar zuwa tsokoki da kuma gabobin da mutum ko vertebrate dabba. Kwayoyin na wannan nama ne na musamman tsarin. Yana bayar da biyu da ya faru na zumudi da hanawa, kuma su aiwatar. A neuroscience yana da wadannan definition: dendrites - shi tafiyar matakai na jijiya Kwayoyin cewa gane da kuma aika da bayanai zuwa neuron jiki. A cikin wannan takarda za mu bincika yanzu ideas game da watsa sunadaran da jijiyar a cikin manyan sassa na juyayi tsarin: kwakwalwa da kuma laka, kazalika da nazarin tsarin da dendrite, kamar yadda daya daga cikin aka gyara daga neurocytes.

Domin wannan mun yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki, musamman neuron Tsarin, shi ne asali naúrar na juyayi nama.

Kamar yadda neurocyte tsarin hade tare da ayyuka

Electron microscopic bincike hanyoyin tabbatar da sosai na musamman da kuma nagartaccen na'urar bude nazarin halittu tsarin kira jijiya cell. Ya qunshi wani jikin (Soma), daya dade reshe - kuma a jam'i na gajeren axon sprouting. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da alaka da cytoplasm na cell jiki. Wannan dendrite. Tsarin da kuma bayyanar da tara na gajeren matakai reminiscent na da kambi na itace. A cewar shi da jiki na neuron ta synapse sami bioelectric iko daga wasu jijiya Kwayoyin.

Ilimin halittar jiki da kuma iri

Kamar yadda zamani bincike histology, dendrites - a branched karshen neurocyte ba kawai yarda, amma kuma a aika da bayanai shigar wanda ke aiki a cikin nau'i na lantarki hasken dake fitowa, a cikin wani Multi-tashar tsarin ne anatomically da aikin juna jijiya Kwayoyin. Sun dauke da manyan yawa na gina jiki-rairaya da wasu gabbansa - ribosomes. Wasu iri short matakai, kamar pyramidal neurocytes, an rufe ta musamman Tsarin - spines.

Bisa ga rarrabuwa samarwa da Spanish neurohistology S. Ramon y Cajal, biyu dendrite iya karkacewa daga wani jijiya cell jiki a gaban kwatance (bipolar neurocytes). Idan mai yawa dendrites, suka diverge daga Soma radially. Wannan tsari ne halayyar interneurons. A cerebellar Purkinje Kwayoyin daga cikin jiki appendages neurocyte a cikin wani nau'i na fan. Kowane dendrite, wanda uku-girma tsari ne daban-daban daga cikin makwabta rassan da adadin wutar lantarki tara a kanta.

A da ke shafar jijiya sashe matakai

A jikin neuron ne a duniya watsarwa da kuma samun a lokaci guda da nazarin halittu abu. Volume (musamman mai shigowa data) ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga yawan shigowa jijiyar. Suna ƙaddara da mataki na sashe na dendritic itace. Saboda haka, dendrites - shi neurocyte Tsarin cewa wasa integrative aiki.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin matakai na fa] a] lamba yankin tsakanin wani jijiya cell. Ƙarin guda synapse samuwar at sau qara yadda ya dace da dukkan sassan kamar kwakwalwa da kuma laka, da kuma juyayi tsarin a matsayin dukan.

A tsarin da dendrite

By karatu microscopic shirye-shirye na jijiya Kwayoyin mu samu cewa mafi yawan matakai da cylindrical siffar. Su talakawan diamita ne 0.9 micron. dendrite tsawon dabam yadu. Alal misali, stellate neurons na launin toka al'amari na cerebral bawo ne short (ba fiye da 200 microns) dendritic itace rassan, alhãli kuwa mota neuron matakai kunshe a cikin gaban Kakakin na laka, daga cikin tsari na 2 mm.

Ilimi na musamman - spines kafa a neurocytes rassan kai ga wani babban yawan synapses - slotted kujeru tuntube da axon, dendrite ko Soma na wani neuron. Synapses za a iya located a kan jikin wani dendrite ake kira kara ko kai tsaye a kan ta spines. Kamar yadda muka riga sani, dendrites - branched appendages neurocytes ne iya samun ruri. Transmission kuma daukan wuri a cikin wadannan biopotentials amfani da kwayoyin sunadarai mahadi - shiga tsakani, kamar acetylcholine, ko Gaba. A membrane rufe da dendrite gano ion tashoshi, selectively permeable alli cations, sodium da kuma potassium da hannu a cikin nassi na jijiyar ta cikin neuron.

Kamar yadda bayanai zo a cikin jijiya Kwayoyin

A lokacin watsa lantarki zargin muhimmi da ruri da hanawa, tare da an axon da dendrites hannu. Yana tafiyar matakai da neuron, wanda ya samar da synapses tare da sauran rassan da dendritic itacen neurocytes. Empirically gano cewa dendrites ne outgrowths na cell cytoplasm, membrane rufi. A cikinsa akwai rauni da wutar lantarki hasken dake fitowa - mataki iko.

Godiya ga short matakai daya jijiya cell karɓa da kuma watsa dama dubu hatsaisai generated synapses. Wannan ba shine kawai aikin na dendrites. Sun kuma aiwatar da hada bayanai zuwa cikin neurons, wanda ya samar da tsari da kuma kula da nuna da juyayi tsarin dukan gabobin da kyallen takarda da jikin mutum.