A tsarin da juyayi tsarin - da darasi na mutum ilmin jikin mutum

A] aukacin shirin na juyayi tsarin tsarin da aka bayyana ta biyu na da aka gyara: tsakiya da kuma na gefe. Kwakwalwa da kuma laka ne tsakiya m tsarin da kuma girman kwanyar, autonomic da kuma kashin baya jijiyoyi suna kan tushen da gefe.

Man, kamar duk sauran halittu, iya amsa zuwa sinadaran da jiki canje-canje a cikin yanayi.

Akwai muhalli dalilai (touch, sauti, haske, da kuma kamshin), wanda da taimakon musamman azanci shine Kwayoyin suna tuba zuwa jijiyar. Wadanda, bi da bi, ya gabatar da jerin lantarki da kuma sinadaran canje-canje kai tsaye a cikin jijiya fiber. A sakamakon hatsaisai ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar afferent zaruruwa a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma laka, inda suka samar da zama dole dokokin domin watsa daga efferent (motor) zaruruwa da tsokoki alhakin zartarwa aiki.

Tsari da kuma aiki na juyayi tsarin ana nufin hadewa da waje tasiri ikon da kwayoyin zuwa daidaita zuwa gare shi.

A tsarin da juyayi tsarin ba za a dauke gaba daya ba tare da halaye na ta tsarin naúrar - da neuron ne a jijiya cell cewa kunshi jiki na tsakiya, dendritic (branched matakai) da kuma axon (da dogon hannu na daya). Ka'idar aiki na neuron - da dendrites na jijiyar wuce zuwa cell jiki, sa'an nan ta cikin axon aka aiko zuwa ga effectors ko wasu Kwayoyin.

Tsakanin kansu, ta hanyar matakai na neurons suna da alaka via wani synapse, wanda rawa kunshi a tace jijiyar. Shi ne iya wuce hatsaisai na daya da kuma sauran bata lokaci ba.

Neurons iya mallakar daban-daban kungiyoyin, wanda tantance su takamaiman aiki. Saboda haka, wanda kungiyar na neurons aiki hikimar tantance aiki da kuma ke da alhakin crushing na wani jijiya turu. Na biyu kungiyar ne ke da alhakin kira da kuma ganewa na hasken dake fitowa ta fito daga sauran gabbanmu. Akwai na uku kungiyar, wanda ya rike da effects daga baya tasirin da kwantanta tasirin tasowa daga data kasance burbushi.

hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa management cibiyar jijiyoyi rarraba a ko'ina cikin jikin mutum ne da laka, wanda yana cikin siffar wani dogon fari "igiyoyi", wani kauri daga wani yatsa, a tsawon na 45 cm da kuma yin la'akari game da 30 grams, da kuma aka located a cikin kashin baya canal. Ya kunshi biyu aka gyara - da launin toka al'amari (tari na jijiya Kwayoyin) da fari al'amari (jijiya fiber).

Hagu da dama daga cikin laka reshe a "cikin nau'i na twigs daga wata itãciya akwati" kashin baya jijiyoyi. Suna aika zuwa sassa daban-daban na jikin mutum, da kuma samar da dangantaka da tsakiya m tsarin. Da iko a kan wasu "rabo" na jiki ne da za'ayi a cikin irin wannan takamaiman jijiya.

Kashin baya jijiya kunshi daidaitacce ko haska, da kuma gaban, ko mota, sheaves. A farko da irin zaruruwa fãra daga cikin rabe na fata, tendons, tsokoki, da gidajen abinci, kayan ciki da hankula. Yana da yake a cikin rabe bayyana jijiya sakonni, wanda dauke da bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru da ke faruwa a cikin jiki da kuma waje. Rear-fiber data sakonni ana aika zuwa laka, sa'an nan - a cikin kwakwalwa, inda suka ana ana jerawa, sarrafa, kimanta da kuma gaban zaruruwa suna aika a mayar da martani ga wasu sakonni zuwa tsokoki, da kayan ciki da jini.

A tsarin na iya hada juyayi tsarin da autonomic juyayi tsarin, wanda yake da alhakin metabolism da kayan ciki. A fasalin da wannan tsarin ne m aiki da kuma ta haka ne da mika wuya da tsakiya m tsarin.

A cewar ta da tasiri a ciki gabobin na autonomic juyayi tsarin kunshi da parasympathetic da kuma m tsarin. Su dangantakar suna wajen wuya, domin sau da yawa suka yi kishiyar sakamako a kan wanda kuma wannan jiki, kuma ta hanyar da cimma wani ma'auni a cikin jiki.

A tsarin da juyayi tsarin ciki har da cerebral bawo, wanda yana da kauri game 3 mm kuma a total yanki na kimanin kwata sq.m. Wannan sashi na jiki na da shida yadudduka, wanda aka haɗa dangi Kwayoyin tare da juna. A total number of wadannan Kwayoyin ne game da 15 biliyan. Guda.

A tsarin da juyayi tsarin Yana za a yi la'akari ba gaba daya ba tare da irin wannan mamaki kamar yadda reflex, wanda ya kasance jikin da ta mayar da martani ga ciki da waje tasiri via da tsakiya m tsarin. Kasu kashi matukar reflexes (jiki ta ikon daidaita zuwa canza muhalli da yanayi) da kuma mika wuyansu (m mayar da martani ga waje samuwar kasashe). Unconditioned reflexes ba ya bukatar wani yanayi domin ta samar, da kuma matukar - bayyana saboda daban-daban mamaki da suke da muhimmanci ga mutum.