Aluminum, kuma ta gami: duk wannan karfe

A ranar, da m aikace-aikace samu kusan duk aka sani mutum karafa da su gami. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa takamaiman halaye, wanda ƙayyade da ikon yinsa, daga su amfani a daban-daban da masana'antu. A mafi yadu amfani irin na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma wani fili dangane da shi, kazalika da aluminum da kuma ta gami. Wannan za a iya bayyana, na farko, manyan halitta reserves, kazalika da kyau kwarai sunadarai, jiki da kuma inji halaye.

A kadan tarihi

A cewar tsoho labari, ya bayyana a cikin rubutun "Natural History" by Pliny da Dattijon Gayus, hada da game da 77 AD, da zarar ga Sarkin sarakuna na Roma Tiberius kusata wanda ba a sani maigida da ya yi masa kyauta daga wani kwano na azurfa da sosai haske karfe. Lokacin da Tiberius ya tambaye shi abin da ya ke sanya shi, sai ya amsa da cewa ya sanya daga lãka. Mamaki, da sarki umurni da kashe marar laifi da kuma halakar da artisan ya bita zuwa da sabuwar dabara bai kai ga wani depreciation da karafa Roman taskar. Abin takaici, yakan cewa a wancan lokacin ya kasance ba iya tantance al'amurra domin bude dukkan, saboda aluminum da kuma ta gami a nan gaba sanya downright real nasara.

Me aluminum da kuma ta gami ne don haka rare?

A aluminum abun ciki a cikin ɓawon burodi ne kamar 8.8%, sabili da haka shi take kaiwa jerin fi na kowa karafa. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni hada da low yawa (2.7 g / cm3), mãdalla da lalata juriya, processability, mai kyau lantarki da kuma thermal watsin, in mun gwada high ƙarfi halaye. Aluminum, kuma ta gami suna yadu amfani da jirgin sama, Shipbuilding, dogo da sufuri, mota, yi, da kuma sinadaran man fetur masana'antu , da dai sauransu Aluminum gami da halin ductility, malleability, high aiki gudun. Duk wannan na samar da wani kyakkyawan zarafi ka yi amfani da su a kusan kowane irin samar.

Basic aluminum-tushen gami

Hada aluminum da alloying tarawa, da za su iya cimma mafi girma ƙarfi kuma inganta sauran kaddarorin da karfe. Kamar yadda Additives sukan yi amfani da silicon, jan, manganese, tutiya da magnesium. Ka yi la'akari da asali gami.

Duralumin (duralumin, ko kawai duralumin)

Sunan wannan fili da aka samu daga kalmar Düren - da cewa shi ne sunan mai Jamus birni, wanda, a 1911. Mun soma wallafa gami a kan wani m sikelin. Tattalin ta Bugu da kari don jan karfe, aluminum (2.2 - 5.2%), magnesium (0.2 - 2.7%), kuma manganese (0.2 - 0.1%). Bayan zafi magani, da karfe zama da karfi (a tsaye ƙarfi kai 450-500 MPa). Domin bunkasa lalata juriya, shi ne sau da yawa sanye aluminum. Amfani da wani tsarin abu a cikin kai da kuma Aeronautical aikin injiniya.

magnaly

Wadannan su ne daban-daban aluminum gami da magnesium da kuma sauran abubuwa (MG ciki - 1-13%). Suna halin high ductility, mai kyau weldability da kuma lalata juriya. Amfani ga yi na siffa simintin gyaran kafa, waya, takardar, rivets da dai sauransu

silumin

Wannan fili an shirya ta hanyar hada aluminum da silicon (silicon ciki - 4-13%). Wani lokaci yana da aka kara, da kuma sauran Additives: Ka kasance, Ti, Zn, MG, mn, Cu. Wannan gami da ake amfani wajen samar sassa na sifofi, yafi a cikin Aerospace da mota aikin injiniya.

Aluminum, kuma ta gami za dogon bauta ga amfanin 'yan Adam. Hujja da wannan sabon firtsi - foamed aluminum, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, "ƙarfe kumfa". Kwararru da yawa imani da cewa porous aluminum da kyau kwarai al'amurra.