Mene ne wani nuna alama a cikin sunadarai: definition, misalai, manufa

Duk wanda aka samu da hannu a cikin kimiyya ko kawai sha'awar a cikin sunadarai, zai zama sha'awar sani cewa wannan nuna alama. Tare da wannan ra'ayi, da yawa ci karo a cikin sunadarai aji, amma makaranta malamai ba su ba iyakarsa bayani a kan manufa da mataki na irin wannan abubuwa. To, abin da yake mai nuna alama? Me LEDs canza launi a cikin mafita? Abin da har yanzu nema? Game da wannan daga baya a cikin labarin.

definition

Reference ya amsa wannan tambaya abin da nuna alama, da wadannan definition: an nuna alama - yawanci kwayoyin sunadarai fili wanda aka yi amfani domin sanin da sigogi na bayani (hydrogen ion taro, da daidaitawa batu, tabbatas gaban oxidants). A cikin kunkuntar ma'anarta nuna alama ga fahimtar abu, wanda damar domin sanin PH daga cikin matsakaici.

manufa na aiki

Don fi gane abin da yake haske, la'akari da ka'ida ta aiki. A matsayin misali, sama da methyl orange. Wannan nuna alama ne mai rauni acid, kuma ta janar dabara ne HR. Wannan acid ne a ruwa-ruwa bayani dissociates cikin ions H ⁺ da R ^-. H ⁺ ions da ja launi, R ^- - rawaya, saboda a tsaka tsaki bayani (PH = 7) da orange LED. Idan hydrogen ions ne mafi girma daga R ^-, da mafita zama ja (PH <7), da kuma rawaya idan ions fi yawa R ^-. Manuniya iya zama duka acid da kuma salts ko tushe. Su manufa da aiki dogara ne a kan wani sauki firamare da sakandare electrolytic dissociation.

A m kasa ya nuna yadda launi na methyl orange a matsayin aiki na hydrogen index. Wannan hoto ya nuna cewa wannan nuna alama a cikin sunadarai da kuma abin da yake da manufar.

misalai na Manuniya

Mafi na kowa Manuniya, abin da suke a kowace makaranta ne litmus da phenolphthalein. Litmus a acidic, tsaka tsaki da kuma alkaline matsakaici yana da wani launi daban-daban, wanda ba za a iya rikita batun. Takarda tube impregnated da litmus takarda da aka sanya a cikin bayani da kuma su launi canje-canje.

Phenolphtalein daukan kan launi kawai a wani alkaline matsakaici da kuma zama garura. Yana shafi ma samuwa nuna alama methyl orange.

Karkashin awon yanayi, kuma zai iya ispolzovatsja ƙasa da na kowa Manuniya: metilviolet, methyl ja, tenolftalein. Mai Manuniya an yi amfani ne kawai a ƙunƙuntaccen PH iyaka, amma akwai da duniya Manuniya, ba tare da rasa da kaddarorin ga wani dabi'u na hydrogen index.