Matsakaicin mai watsa shiri shine kwayar da kwayar cutar take rayuwa kuma tana karuwa

Hanyoyin rayuwa na yawancin kwayoyi suna da ban mamaki. Don shiga duk matakai na cigaba, suna buƙatar canza sauyansu sau da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin wadannan rundunonin za su zama babban abu. A jikinsa, cutar za ta iya haifar da jima'i ko jima'i. Amma zamu magana game da matsakaici mai watsa shiri.

Mene ne ko wane ne mai tsaka-tsaki?

Matsakancin tsakiya shine kwari, dabba ko mutum wanda kwayar halitta tana ba da damar yiwuwar rayuwa a cikin tsakar rana. Ciki na tsaka-tsaki mai gida na iya zama sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Alal misali, jikin mutum yana samar da wurin zama na wucin gadi na plasmodium mai tsanani, echinococcus da sauransu.

Duk da haka, ba dukkanin kwayoyin da kwayar cutar ta kai ga sassa daban-daban na cigaba ba an dauke shi da matsakaicin mai watsa shiri. Wannan shine sunan dabba kawai, sashi ta hanyar kwayarsa shine yanayin da ba zai iya buƙatarwa ba don sauyawa zuwa gaba daya na cigaba na cigaba.

Yaya cutar ta kasance cikin jiki na matsakaici mai watsa shiri?

Halin haɓaka a cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi ya kasu kashi 3:

1. Tsakanin tsaka-tsakin yana shirya tsutsa don canjawa zuwa karshe. A wannan yanayin, babu yiwuwar ci gabanta. A daukan hankali misali ne trypanosomes cewa ci gaba a dabbobi masu shayarwa, idan cizo kwari fada a kan su proboscis da jini jurewa episamtigodnuyu siffar kwaro Gut da ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar cizon sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa.
2. Nau'in hali na biyu ana kiyaye shi a cikin jiki na tsaka-tsakin tsakiya, inda sifofin ya bambanta, amma karu ninka. A fita daga jiki, yawan lambobin da suka shigar da shi bazai karuwa ba. Wannan sake zagayowar na ci gaba yana da dama jinsunan roundworms da tapeworms.
3. An lura da irin nau'ikan nau'in nau'i na uku idan mai kula da tsaka-tsaki shine kwayar da ba wai kawai ci gaba ba amma ana haifar da haifar da abubuwa na al'ada. A wannan yanayin, wani abu mai kyau zai ƙone a cikin kwayoyin tsaka-tsakin, kuma a kan kayan sarrafawa za'a shirya dubban mutane don kamuwa da kamfanonin ƙarshe.

Matsakanin tsakiya na parasites

Ka yi la'akari da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci, mai mahimmancin mutumin shi ne mutum, wanda yake da matsakaicin mai shi - shanu (wata saniya, da sa). Wannan nau'in sarkar mara lafiya ne.

A cikin jikin mutum da most tapeworm samun wani mugun bi da naman sa. Ana gabatar da zesters a cikin kyallen takarda kuma za a fara ci gaba. Sakamakon wannan ci gaba shine babban tsutsa da ke zaune a cikin hanji na mutum. Tsawon tsutsa na iya kai mita 12-14!

A jikin babban mai watsa shiri, kwayar cutar za ta iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ashirin, a wannan lokaci yana samar da miliyoyin qwai da suka bar hanji tare da calves, wasu daga cikinsu suna ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin jiki na tsakiya. Kamar yadda aka ce, a wannan yanayin mai matsakaici mai shi ne saniya ko sa.

A cikin hanyoyi daga cikin wadannan wakilan shanu daga qwai, larvae (incospheres), wanda aka tanada da ƙugiya na musamman, zai bayyana. Za su yi haɗari da ƙwayoyin jikin ciki kuma su yada cikin jiki. A cikin tsokoki na shanu, dawowar za su motsa zuwa mataki na gaba, su zama Finns, wanda zai sa ran shiga cikin jikin mai girma.

Hepatic fluke

Bari muyi la'akari da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci tare da ƙaddamarwar tsararraki mai mahimmanci inda yawancin runduna masu tsaka-tsaki suke. Wannan kungiyar da ake kira hanta flukes. Wadannan sun hada da hanta da cat fluke, wata katuwar, lanceolate da Sin fluke.

Matsayin farko na tsaka-tsaki na tsundar hepatic shine mollusk. A cikin jikinsa, larvae sukan fuskanci matakai masu yawa na degeneration: miracidia, sporocysts, redias. Kuma kawai ƙarni na uku na larvae - cecaria, bar jiki na mollusc a bincika na gaba matsakaici mai watsa shiri.

Na biyu matsakaicin tsaka-tsakin rudun guba (fluke) shine kifaye. Mafi sau da yawa suna cikin iyali na cyprinids. Dangane da fasaha na salting ko rashin dacewar magani daga ƙwayar kifi, wannan cecaria shigar da kwayoyin mahalarta na ƙarshe, maganin hanta ko biliary tract. Ga wani mutum, ƙwararren kasar Sin da furotin na cat yana da hatsarin gaske.

Lancet-shaped fluke

Wani jinsin shine lanceolate trematode, daga jiki na farko matsakaicin mollusk ya shiga jikin na gaba mai watsa shiri, ant, sa'an nan kuma a cikin kwayoyin na karshe rundunar, herbivore.

Domin yunkurin cigaban ci gaba don dawowa, daga kwayoyin babban sansanin, dole ne qwai ya fada cikin yanayin yanayi, wato cikin jikin ruwa. A nan suna da "haɗiye" da mai shigocin matsakaici. Wannan ya faru ne daga tsara zuwa tsara, kamar yadda mutum baya kula da tsabtaccen jikin ruwa kuma ya ba da kansa ya fitarda ruwa ba tare da tsaftacewa mai tsabta ba.

By kuma manyan, da juyin halitta, haddasa parasites canza Runduna, rage load a kan daya kwayoyin, rage intraspecific gasar da kuma gusar dogara a kan daya yanayin. Hanyar juyin halitta mai rikitarwa an kafa shi a matakin kwayoyin halittu kuma yana ba su damar samun rinjaye mafi girma a kowane mataki na ci gaba.