Anatomy. Ƙunƙarar carotid

Rashin kwanciyar hankali - kwaskwarima guda biyu waɗanda ke ba da jini ga dukan gabobin da kyallen takalma na kai da wuyansa, musamman kwakwalwa da idanu. Amma abin da muka sani game da shi? Wataƙila, kawai tunani ya zo a tuna cewa ta hanyar yatsar yatsunsu a yankin da yake kwance (a kan kuturu, zuwa trachea), yana da sauƙin sauƙin bugun jini.

Tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar carotid

Kwafi na yau da kullum (adadi "3" a cikin adadi) ya samo asali a yankin yankin kirki kuma ya ƙunshi jini biyu - dama da hagu. Yana tasowa tare da trachea da esophagus tare da tafiyar matakai na vertebrae na wuyansa kusa da gaban jikin mutum.

The dama kowa carotid jijiya yana da tsawon 6 zuwa 12 santimita, kuma yana farawa ne daga brachiocephalic akwati da kuma ƙare a yankin na rarraba babba baki na thyroid guringuntsi.

Haɗin hagu na hagu na yau da kullum hagu ne kawai kamar yadda ya dace (girmansa zai kai kimanin centimetimita 16), tun lokacin da ya fara ne kawai - daga baka na aorta.

Kwafin ƙwayar magunguna (hagu da hagu na dama) daga yankin thoracic ya tashi tsaye tare da tsokoki na ƙwayar mahaifa. A tsakiyar tsakanin jiragen dama da hagu sune tube na esophagus da trachea. A waje na da shi, kusa da gaban wuyansa, ne guda biyu lakar Vienna. Jirgin jini yana gudana zuwa ƙasa, zuwa ga tsohuwar zuciya. Kuma tsakanin kowa carotid jijiya da kuma lakar jannayẽnsa ne da vagus jijiya. Tare sun hada da kwayar cutar neurovascular.

Bifurcation na carotid maganganu na kowa

A sama, a kusa da gefen motsi na thyroid, maganin carotid ya raba zuwa ciki da waje / waje (a cikin adadi na farko an nuna su ta lambobi 1 da 2). A wurin bifurcation, inda yunkurin da ake amfani da shi na yau da kullum ya haɗa zuwa matakai biyu, akwai tsawo da ake kira sinus mai barci da kuma barci mai barci - ƙananan ƙwayar da ke kusa da sinus. Wannan yankin mai juyowa yana da mahimmanci a cikin jikin mutum, yana da alhakin matsa lamba daga jini (zaman lafiyarsa), ƙarfin zuciya da tsoka da iskar gas.

An cire muryar carotid na waje zuwa kungiyoyi masu yawa na manyan jirgi da kuma samar da jini mai salivary da glandon thyroid, tsofaffin fuskokin mutum da harshe, occiput da parotid, yanki na sama da yankin yankin. Ya ƙunshi:

• Warar da ke waje;
• Hanyar pharyngeal;
• Harshe;
• Facial;
• Yamma;
• Sakon kunne na kunne.

A ciki carotid jijiya da aka raba kara shiga biyar jini da kuma aka tsunduma ga filin harkokin sufuri na eyeballs, da gaban da kuma mayar da kai na kwakwalwa, da laka a cikin kusanci da na mahaifa vertebrae. Ya ƙunshi sassa bakwai:

• Haɗa.
• Eye.
• Shaynogo.
• Rocky.
• Girma-dimbin yawa.
• Cavernous.
• Yanki na ramin tsage.

Girman jini yana gudana ta hanyar maganin carotid

Don auna jini matakin dole auku binciken, wanda aka kira da Duplex scanning na brachiocephalic tasoshin (SPL BCA). Kwayoyin Brachiocephalic (manyan) sune mafi yawan arteries da veins a kan jikin mutum - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Su ne ke da alhakin jinin jini zuwa kwakwalwa, ƙwayoyin jikin da kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin.

Sakamakon Amurka BRS ya nuna:

• A nisa na lumen na jini;
• Gabatarwa / rashin takardu, exfoliation, thrombus a kan ganuwarsu;
• Ƙarawa / ruɗaɗɗen ganuwar jirgin ruwa;
• Gabatar da lalata, raguwa, anerysms.

Yaduwar jini na kwakwalwa shine 55 ml / 100 g na nama. Wannan mataki na motsi tare da maganin carotid wanda ke tabbatar da jinin mai kyau zuwa ga gurbaccen ƙwayar cuta da kuma rashin raguwa da lumen, plaques, deformations na maganin carotid.

Thrombosis na carotid maganin

Yayin da aka katse harsunan na ciki / na jiki / na waje (jini na ƙuƙwalwa cikin lumen na jirgin ruwa), bugun jini yana samuwa, kuma wani lokaci har ma da sakamakon mutuwa. Babban dalili na samuwar thrombi shine atherosclerosis, wanda ke haifar da samuwar plaque. Wasu dalilai na bayyanar plats sun haɗa da:

• Kasancewar irin wadannan cututtuka kamar fibromyschechnaya dysplasia, cututtuka na myoma, Horton, Takayasu;
• Craniocerebral rauni tare da hematoma a maganin;
• Fasali na tsarin arteries: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• Shan taba;
• Ciwon sukari;
• Kiba.

Bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon takaddama

Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa maganin rikici na yau da kullum, wanda ya rage girman lumens da kuma samar da alamomi, bazai nuna kanta a kowane hanya ba. Duk da haka, akwai alamun da likita zasu iya gane su.

• Pain a wuyansa;
• Girma ciwon hauka mai tsanani;
• Lalacewar sani, rashin ƙarfi;
• Sukan makanta ga mutum daya ko duka idanu;
• Hannen da ya damu da aikin jiki;
• Cataract;
• Sanar da kararraki a kunnuwa (busawa ko kururuwa);
• Daidaran ƙafa da ƙafa;
• Rarraba a tafiya;
• Bayyana jinkirin, jinkirta;
• Rashin rauni na ƙungiyoyi;
• Canja launin launi na ido;
• Gudun;
• Ginawa, yaudara, rashin sani;
• Halin magana da yawa.

Cutar kwakwalwa ta nakasa, wanda ke haɗuwa da cin zarafin jininsa da ciwon zuciya (a cikin yanayin cikar jirgi) zai iya canza rayuwar a kowane lokaci.

Jiyya na plugging na maganin carotid

Kafin ka sanya magani, ana gudanar da binciken da zai ba ka damar gano fasalin yanayin cutar, don sanin ainihin wurin da ke fama da cutar:

• Duban dan tayi tare da dopplerography.
• Rheoencephalography (REG) - samun bayanai game da nauyin haɓaka da sauti na tasoshin kawunansu.
• Electroencephalography (EEG) - nazarin tsarin ayyukan kwakwalwa.
• Hanyoyin fuska ta Magnetic (MRI) - ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yanayin kwakwalwa, magungunan jini da kuma tsarin jin tsoro.
• Kwamfuta ta binne (CT) - Zane-zane na X-ray na kwakwalwa.

Bayan bayani game da ganewar asali, dangane da digiri da siffofin ɓangaren cutar, ana ba da magani:

1. Conservative. Yin rigakafi tare da wasu kwayoyi (magunguna da thrombolytics) na wasu watanni ko ma shekaru, tare da saka idanu akai-akai game da daidaituwa.
2. Miki / jijiyar neurosurgical (tare da ƙananan thromboses, haɗarin thromboembolism):

• Blockade tare da novocaine.
• Tsayar da kewaye don jinin jini daga wani ɓangaren da aka katange daga maganin carotid.
• Sauya wani ɓangare na lalacewar lalacewa tare da fuka-fuka.