Lem Stanislav: quotes, hotuna, biography, bibliography, reviews

Shahararren marubuci na Yaren mutanen Poland Lem Stanislav lashe soyayya masu karatu, a duniya, yana aiki a cikin Genre na almarar kimiyya da falsafa. A marubuci ya zama Lambar Yabo na da yawa Yaren mutanen Poland da kuma duniya awards, daga gare su, da Austria jihar kyauta a Poland, lambar yabo mai suna Kafka. Sai ya wãyi gari a Knight na Order of White Eagle, mariƙin na digiri, girmamawa likita na jami'o'i da dama. Great movie "Solaris" da aka halitta da eponymous samfurin, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Stanislav Lem.

biography

Haife m almarar kimiyya a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland birnin Lvov a watan Satumba 1921, a cikin iyali na da wani daraja likita Lviv mazauna. Ya sauke karatu daga dakin motsa jiki a 1939. Kuma a lokaci guda Lviv zama Soviet birni. Lem Stanislav so ya yi nazarin aikin injiniya kimiyya, amma don shigar da Polytechnic jami'a kasa. Da taimakon wa mahaifinsa, da ya shirya, likita ya fara karatu a can ba tare da wani babbar sha'awa.

Bayan shekaru biyu, Lions zama Jamus birni, da kuma makarantun tsaya aikinsu. Shi ba haka ba sauki, nan gaba marubuci. Babu shakka Yahudawa zuri'a sanya rayuwarsa cikin hatsari kowane minti cikakken zama. Ya iya samun a cikin duhun kai da kuma a can ya rasu, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da kusan duk na Lviv kawo dukkan. A takardun, duk da haka, gudanar da daidaita fitar, da kuma wanda aka shirya Lem Stanislav matsayin makaniki a Jamus m ga aiki karfe. A 1944, da Lions sake zama Polish birni, da kuma nan gaba marubuci ya ci gaba da karatu a makaranta likita.

a Poland

Duk da haka, a shekarar 1946, da Lions sake zama wani Soviet birni, inda haifar da guntattakin Bandera gangs a karkashe su karkashẽwa da Polish yawan mutane a tushen - dukan kauyuka, da kuma a biranen da aka sosai m. Dogayen sanda a mayar da martani ga karkararta, crushing Ukrainian kauyuka.

Saboda haka, Iosif Stalin yanke shawarar wadannan tambayoyi da maida. Cikin 'yan kwanaki, kusan duk Dogayen sanda daga yammacin Ukraine tafi Poland, da kuma kusan dukkan Ukrainians daga Poland - a Yammacin Ukraine. Lem Stanislav, ma, ya fadi a cikin wannan babban hijirarsa da kuma ci gaba da karatunsa riga a Krakow University - da Faculty of Medicine, wanda bai bi daban.

farko

Ko bai kai jarabawar karshe, ya samu kawai a takardar shaidar, amma ba a diploma. Watakila saboda yana jin tsoro ya yi rashin kauna kasuwanci, amma iya - daga cikin sojojin, "derailed" saboda da diploma zai yi shi yin wani aiki na soja likita. Ya zauna a 1948 bayan ya sauke karatunsa, a kimiyya Lab junior mataimakin, kuma ya kasance mai farin ciki.

Ya aka daina janyo hankalin wani aiki ba, fãce ga wanda, kuma shi ne ba aikin injiniya. Daga shekarar 1946 ya fara buga ayyukansa dama, wato, ya zama marubuci. Stanislaw Lem, wanda photo yanzu yiwuwa ga kowane, da kuma da yawa, kuma ko da yaushe kiyaye shi a kan tebur, a sosai lokacin sami kansa a cikin abin da ya nema.

"Man daga Mars" da " 'yan saman jannati"

Da farko labari Czlowiek z Marsa aka buga a Nowy Swiat Przygod - mako-mako mujallar. Masu karatu imbued tare da niyyar, daga sosai farko ayyukan Stanislaw Lem zama marubuci a Poland daba, ko da yake mafi yawan littafin bai bayyana haka nan da nan.

Yana da aka riga a 1951, a lokacin da kusan nan take bace daga shelves kawai wallafa Astronauci ( "yan saman jannati"). Stanislaw Lem rubuta Yanzu, sake dubawa na ayyukan da suka cika riga a shafukan da periodicals fadin duniya, kusan ba tare da ceasing.

babu sauran

Mutane da yawa Lem tafi kasar Jamus, Czechoslovakia. Kuma sau da yawa tafiya zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, amma ba su son shi ba a cikin wata 'yar alamar digiri, a karkashin daya tsarin siyasa (as gani kusan duk). Duk da haka, a lokacin da shi ne sosai zama dole ya zama, ya ce kuma rubuta cewa kaunar da kuma mutunta ...

A shekarar 1982, a lokacin da sake wari na yaki a Poland, Stanislaw Lem, ya kwaso daga cikin ayyukan da suka riga sun yi amfani da mutane, ko da kuwa kasa, wurin zama, jinsi da shekaru, ya koma kasar Austria, ko da yake ya bayyana a lokacin zai yi farin ciki kowace ƙasa. Ya rayu ya zama tamanin da shekaru hudu, duk da tsananin da na farkon rabin rayuwa. Duk da haka, da zuciya da wani m, me ya sa ya mutu a watan Maris 2006.

style

Stanislaw Lem, waɗanda ayyukansu magana mafi sau da yawa game da gaza sadarwa na bil'adama da kuma Extraterrestrial rai, rubuta mai yawa game da fasahar na nan gaba. Daga baya rubuce-rubucen alama idealization na zamantakewa burinsu, kusa da Genre na Utopia, inda wani mutum ne m saboda sake inganta tsari.

The texts ne cike da annashuwa, satire da kuma falsafa. Wits na magoya na almarar kimiyya, wanda ya fascinated Stanislaw Lem, Quote from "Star tsarin sautinsu Iyona Pacific," misali, an yi amfani da fāɗin duniya saboda mutane da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. Ba a banza marubuci fascinated ba kawai almarar, amma kuma futurology.

daukaka

Lem littattafai da aka fassara a cikin fiye da arba'in harsuna, sayar su ma sosai - kyau a kan talatin miliyan kofe. Yana sanya fiye da ashirin adaptations daga cikin ayyukansa, tsakanin wanda babban ɓangare na Poland da kuma Tarayyar Soviet cire, amma tare da su aka alama Czechoslovakia, Jamus, Ingila, Amurka da kuma ko da Azerbaijan. A mafi kyau daga cikin zane-zane da aka, ba shakka, "Solaris" Tarkovsky harbe shi, ko da yake Stanislaw Lem, mafi ayyukan da aka yarda da kuma gane a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, bai isa ba rated wannan fitacciyar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Tarkovsky da ake kira "wawa" domin ba watsin da asali ra'ayin.

Duk da haka, a kan eponymous American film da Clooney kullum kawai grimaced. Kuma da gaskiya ne, akwai da asali tunani a general kamar yadda akwai m. American almarar kimiyya Lem karfi da ƙi, kuma ya soki zuwa mutuža cewa ya aka fitar daga American Society of almarar kimiyya. Ba su gane Bradbury da Shackley, Clarke da Asimov, ya yi magana da kyau kawai a kan Strugatsky, musamman yaba da "bakin hanya Fikinik". Ya ko da jũna m cewa shi aka ba da ya rubuta.

ƙamus

Stanislaw Lem - marubuci, wanda shi ne muhimmi a cikin kalma halitta. Number of neologisms, aka halitta su kuma amfani da mabiya wuce dubu tara. A mafi m Dogayen sanda da kuma Rasha a cikin wannan girmamawa. The fassara yi aiki a kan ayyukan Lem ta sosai talented, da kuma kusanci da harshen fassarar da gudummawar, don haka ba za mu iya cikakken ji dadin ci mutumci marubuci.

Fassarori cikin wadanda ba Slavic harsuna suna da yawa marasa galihu, da wuya a matsayin yawa yarda daga karanta ayyukan Stanislaw Lem iya samun Amurkawa ko da Faransa. Kila ba tare da wani bayani a fili yake cewa ga wani magani - "altruizin" cewa for gabatarwa - "besilnya", wanda a m mutum mutummutumi kira "blednotikom" da kuma "Bumba" da "blyumba" bambanta daga al'ada bam. Kuma mai ban mamaki lokaci - "lzhivotnye" nan da nan share - roba. Babu kasa witty da kuma "postyment" tare da "sepulka".

Marubuci aptly da wittily sa su tunani a kalmomi: "Machine, m, unsophisticated, iya poraskinut hankali ya aikata abin da aka umurce. Kuma smyshlonaya farko ya gane cewa mafi riba a warware samarwa matsala ko kokarin wriggle fita daga gare ta?". "The iyakoki da halin kirki da alhakin shi ne da yawa mafi fadi ikon yinsa, daga cikin Shari'a Code." "Jigon tsufa ne cewa ku sami kwarewa, wanda ba za a iya amfani da su."

batutuwa

Tare da irin wannan subtlety na harshe hasashe aka karin da fadin kerawa na sararin samaniya hakikar da kuma hakikar: da Utopia, kuma dystopia, kuma haske tãtsũniyõyin game da sararin samaniya, da kuma nauyi na zamantakewa aikin injiniya, madadin yanzu da kuma sosai turbid nan gaba kadan duniya a kusa da kusurwar cike da freaky dope, da kuma nasarar Adam, ya yi nasara da duniya ...

Kuma warwatse ko'ina wasu meta, tilasta wa mai karatu ya yi tunani, da ba dole ba ne kamar yadda mai yiwuwa tunani Stanislaw Lem. Ya bibliography ne don haka sararin da damar don dakatar kawai a mafi wurin hutawa ayyukansu.

"137 seconds"

Yana da wani classic labari na almarar kimiyya, inda da ra'ayin ne protagonist - shi superpronitsatelnaya kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa. Futurology, wanda a da yawa ayyukan marubucin bin, ya bayyana a nan a cikin al'amurran da tanadi, tsinkaya tukuna unaccrued events. A mãkirci ne cheesy, amma biya diyya ta falsafa da matsaloli, kamar lokacin da aka nuna a cikin zuciyar dan Adam. Lokaci girma bayyana mafi wuyar fahimta.

"Mawadãci fanko"

Wannan sake zagayowar aka rubuta a farkon mutum, inda marubucin abubuwa a matsayin adabi sukar wanda ya soki dabi'ar rasa rubutu ayyukansu. A yawa na falsafa, dara, cheeky satire da ko da nasu ra'ayoyi game da duniya a cikin abin da wallafe-wallafen hali kawaici. Wannan shi ne wani littafin game da mafarkai da kuma banza a lokacin mai girma ra'ayoyi a cikin wani cikakken wõfintattu, domin wannan shi ne inda a can shi ne har yanzu unrealized.

"Altruizin"

Har ma a tsakanin mutummutumi ne same kwantata sufi, idan shi ne wata dama labarin. Wani Dobrica, robot sufi cikin hamada tunanin sittin da bakwai, sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar yin farin ciki da makwabta. Sa'an nan abõkinsa zanen Klapautsy gaya mai ban sha'awa labarin na rayuwa enesertsev, wannan su ne wadanda kai NDS (mafi girma mataki na ci gaba). Su ma, ya taba so a kawo farin ciki ga dukan duniya - dũkiya, satiety, wani wuce haddi na da kyau. Kuma abin da ya zo da shi? Farin Ciki kowa da kowa fahimci a nasa hanya ...

"Koma daga Stars"

Wannan labari yana da wuya mallaka da tsarki na Genre, wanda mafi yawa ana halin da marubucin. Wannan ba almarar, da kuma manyan, quite akasin: da ta je al'amurran da suka shafi na ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, da lafiyar qasa, da dangantakar mutum da yanayi. A zambiyõyin HG Wells ( "The Time Machine") Stanislaw Lem tada batun na mutum karbuwa ga yanayi inda gwarzo ya sami kansa a cikin wani shekaru dubbai na shekaru spaced daga daya inda aka haife shi. Akwai kuma ba da irony, da kuma tsanani hali, kuma fantasy da gaskiya, da kuma sarcasm, kuma phantasmagoria. Babu Spaceships, amma suna da versatility da unpredictability na mutum Psychology.

"Ilimi Tsifrushi"

Klapautsiyu ba har sai Trurlya, rector na jami'a - troublesome matsayi, da kuma Trurl a baƙin ciki tsara na'ura, kira Tsifrushey ya fara noma. Rashin nishaɗi hankali tafi, Trurl yin kasuwanci da kuma daina jin kadai. Duk da haka, saboda haka ya faru da cewa a cikin shakka daga ilmi akwai wani rata, tun uku a jere meteorite fadi Trurlya lambu inda ya dauki azuzuwan da Tsifrushey, wanda suka garin kankara tauraro mai wutsiya da wutsiya, kaisu ta. Wadannan meteorites sun m baƙi: robot ɗan ganga, drum da android, wanda aka clamped a hannu tare da gilashin guba. Trurl da Tsifrushey nan da nan thawed da kuma farfado da baƙi, sa'an nan ya saurari ban sha'awa labaru ...