Ancient Greek falsafa

A zamani duniya wayewar - wani kai tsaye ba samfurin na zamanin d Girkanci al'adu. Ancient Greek falsafa - mafi muhimmanci na shi. Bisa fi na kowa ra'ayi, mu rarrabe dama, saukarwa ta hanyar abin da ya wuce da falsafa da kuma al'adu na tsufa a general.

Mataki na Daya. Asalin falsafa da kuma da samuwar. A farkon rabin karni na VI BC. e, na Asia Ƙananan Girka -. Ionia ya Militas. Akwai ne daɗaɗɗe Greek farko makaranta, da ake kira Milesian. Don shi ne Anaximander, Thales, Anaximenes, kuma su almajiransa.

Mataki na biyu. Balaga falsafa, ta flowering (tare da V a kan IV BC), yana zama makarantu: Atomists, kuma Pythagorean Sophists. Wannan mataki da ake dangantawa da sunayen mafi girma gabascin - Socrates, Aristotle, Plato.

Mataki na uku. Ancient Greek falsafa ne fuskantar mai ƙi. A zamanin da Latin kuma Helenanci falsafa. A mafi furta a lokacin Hellenistic Falsafa - Wasi-wasi, Stoicism, Epicureanism.

Idan muka ware da abun ciki na falsafa tunani, muna samun da wadannan:

• classic farkon (pre-Socratics, naturalists): "Physis", "Space" da kuma tsarinta.
• classic matsakaici (yanka tare da makaranta naturalists).
• classic high (Aristotle da Plato, da kuma makarantunsu).

Mene ne siffofin na zamanin d Girkanci falsafa? Halin da tsoho tsoho Greek falsafa jimlace rudiments na kimiyya da ilmi, lura da mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi, kazalika da nasarorin da al'adu da kuma kimiyya da tunani na Gabas. Domin wannan tarihi irin ganewarsu halin cosmocentrism. A yanayi da abubuwa - da macrocosm, wani irin maimaitawa na duniya, da mutum - da takaice. Wannan shi ne mafi girma da manufa, wanda subjugates da mutum bayyananen, kira rabo. A wannan lokaci productively ci gaba ilmin lissafi da kuma ilmin kimiyya, wadda take kaiwa, bi da bi, da musamman hade da rudiments na kimiyya da ilmi da na ado sani da mythological. Tambaya: me ya sa falsafa a cikin wannan bayyanuwar aka haife shi a zamanin tsohuwar Girka?

A yanayi, taimakawa ga samuwar tana nufin, na farko, na 'yancin tunani na zamanin d Girkawa, ya yiwuwa ga wani takamaiman addini zamanin tsohuwar Girka: addini ba nasaba da mafi tsanani tsari na zamantakewa da mutum rayuwa. Daga cikin al'ummai, babu wani firist caste, wanda yana da irin wannan tasiri a cikin sauran gabashin jihohin. Greek imani kada ka tambaye guda ra'ayin mazan jiya hanyar rayuwa, duka biyu a kan guda Gabas. A akasin wannan, akwai isasshen fili ga mai hankali, kai-search. Don samun farkon rayuwa. Yana da ban sha'awa a kalla, da kuma cewa wannan lokaci ne halin da aiki, wanda aka bayyana, a cikin wasu abubuwa, a cikin m mulkin mallaka sake ma su matsugunni (fara daga VII karni BC). Idan aka kwatanta da masu zama a gida da suke kewaye da mutane, da karin haske selection Helenawa ayyukan, hijirarsa motsi da kuma sha'anin. Sun dogara ne kawai a kan kansu, su damar iya yin komai, yayin da exhibiting gaske, m ban sha'awa a duniya a kusa da shi.

Ancient Greek falsafa, cosmocentrism

Kamar yadda muka riga sani, a VI-IV karni BC ne m flowering matsayin falsafa, da kuma al'adu a general. A wannan lokaci, sabon duniya halitta, wani sabon wahayi na duniya da kuma ta na'ura, da rukunan da halittu, wanda shi ne farkon yau ilimi da kuma binciken. Land (da kome a kan shi), da haske da kuma sararin rufe da rufaffiyar sarari na mai siffar zobe siffar, tare da akai sake zagayowar: duk akwai, duk abin da gudana, duk abin da canje-canje. Amma ba wanda ya san inda da kuma inda akwai kõmo. Wasu masana falsafa ce cewa duk abin da aka dogara ne a kan gane azanci shine abubuwa (wuta, ruwa, da iskan shaqa, ƙasa da Apeiron), wasu bayyana duk ilmin lissafi kwayoyin halitta (da Pythagoreans), wasu gane akai a cikin ganuwa, rai guda (Eleatics), na huɗu ne dauke da bedrock na basa atoms (Democritus), biyar da'awar cewa duniya ne kawai a inuwa, sakamakon ganin na tunani. Hakika, duk inda a yanzu alama butulci da kuma saba, shi ya ba tukuna zo da ganin cewa falsafar iya da kyau da daban-daban dabi'u. Duk da haka V karni BC (Plato kuma Democritus) ba biyu bambamcin Lines fili alama. A gwagwarmaya tsakanin wadannan Lines ke ta dukan falsafa ...