Lake Vostok a Antarctica. The most subglacial lake a Antarctica

Da farko da'ira a kan lake aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. A lokacin mahaukaci alamu babu wanda ya biya wani da hankali. Abin da irin al'umma, da kuma inda suka fito daga?

M iyakacin duniya alamu

5 ga watan Afrilu, 2010 The International Space Station daga wani tsawo na 350 kilomita sa fantastic hotuna. A cikin hotuna a fili ya nuna cewa kankara Lake Vostok a Antarctica ya biyu buga idan da'irar ne kusan cikakkiyar siffar. A cikin hotunan, suka bayyana a kananan. Amma diamita kowane daga cikinsu - kusan hudu kilomita.

Da farko kimiyya zato

Gaskiyar cewa rayuwa na iya zama a karkashin yadudduka da kankara da yawa kilomita, da farko samarwa Academician Andrei Kapitsa. Ya ciyar da girgizar kasa da kuma binciken gano cewa akwai wani lake a cikin tsakiyar almara rabbai Antarctica karkashin chetyrohkilometrovoy Layer na kankara - wani yanki na 20 000 m². Wannan shi ne sau goma fi girma fiye da sarauta daga Monaco. An located kai tsaye a karkashin Soviet bincike tashar. Wannan subglacial lake Vostok a Antarctica har yanzu ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa asirai daga mutãne.

Shin, akwai rai a cikin Antarctica

A cikin binciken, da Soviet masana kimiyya ya gano cewa, a karkashin kankara yammancin duniya mai cike da oxygen, wanda na da sauyin yanayi da kuma musamman yanayin kasa. Zazzabi da hawa da sauka a cikin ruwa na tafkin ne +10 ... + 18 ° C, a cikin bazara a tekun Black Sea. Wannan zai iya kawai nufin abu daya - a can ne rayuwa, da kuma shi ne a tushen wata Multi-Layer kauri daga cikin Antarctic kankara da yawa kilomita ne daban-daban daga wani abu to abin da muka saba.

subglacial mataimakin

Domin kusan shekaru 20, Rasha masana kimiyya tare da Faransa abokan aiki da kuma masana daga kasar Amurka karatu subglacial lake Vostok a Antarctica. Don gano abin da irin kwayoyin a kan miliyoyin shekaru a can rayuwa, mun halitta na musamman subglacial kai inji - cryobot (ko gidrorobot). Tare da ruwan zafi jiragen sama da shi dole ne rawar soja a rami 3.5 km, sa'an nan kuma jira har sai da sarari sama da shi freezes. Bayan haka, robot sterilizes kanta da kuma ci gaba hakowa. Narkar da kankara hula murfin kuma faduwa cikin ƙorama, shi watsa da bayanai zuwa surface domin kara nazari.

A sabon samu na Lake Vostok a Antarctica

A watan Maris na shekarar 2011, a lokacin da hakowa na'ura ya fadi na sukar tukuna kawai 120 mita, saboda rashin kudade musamman lake a Antarctica gushe karatu da kuma rufe aikin. Kuma wannan duk da cewa kawai watanni shida baya, masana kimiyya sun sanya wani dama samu. Suka gane cewa Lake Vostok ba yana nufin mafi girma a uniform kankara samuwar. Halitta yankunan Antarctica a lamba tare da kankara ta samar a karkashin-kankara tsibirin. An gano cewa karkashin-kankara samuwar su ne m, da ake kira aljihu sarari, wanda da ruwa ya kai daban-daban zurfin matakan. Bugu da kari, wani musamman karkashin ruwa topography na Antarctica a wasu wurare yana da zurfin ilimi a kan dubu mita, cewa shi ne sau biyu fiye da aka kamata a baya. Amma mafi ban mamaki abu ne cewa, a kusa da kudu-gabashin ɓangare na Lake Vostok kiyaye manyan Magnetic anomaly.

Iyakacin duniya rundunar lake

A wasu kalmomin, wani ko wani abu da aka outraged da chetyrohkilometrovoy Layer na kankara. Wa zai iya sa Magnetic anomalies karkashin kankara, masana kimiyya sani ba. A mafi tsoro bincike bayar da shawarar cewa shi ne yin wasu masu tunani yake, kuma shaida, a ra'ayi, shi ne. Antarctica taimako da aka yin fim daga m sarari kawai watanni biyu bayan da bincike aikin a kan binciken na da wuyar ganewa lake aka dakatar. Kofe na hotunan da suke nuna da'ira a kan daskararre surface na Lake Vostok masana nazarin London Research Institute. Birtaniya masana kimiyya sun hankali bincikar dukan Antarctic yankin da ruwa jiki, da kuma sa a gaba a sa mamaki version. A Figures alama a ciki na kankara cover, wanda ke nufin cewa da'irori da lake kankara iya bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa na zaune a karkashin ruwan shafi unexplored karkashin ruwa wayewa. Zai yiwu a karkashin ruwa da wani tushe, da kuma wannan zai yarda, shi ne mai matukar ban sha'awa al'amari. Mutãne sani kasa game da tekuna zurfin fiye da a kan Lunar gona. Saboda haka dole mu yi nazari mu duniya na dogon lokaci.

m Antarctica

Rasha masana kimiyya da ra'ayin da ya Birtaniya abokan aiki bai yarda. Sun yi imani da cewa yankin photographed daga Space Antarctica, tare da m alamu a kan lake - shi ba ya bi karkashin ruwa wayewa, amma kawai quirks yanayi, da kuma suka samu a kudi na dumi undercurrents. Masana sun yi da'awar idan kasa na lake akwai fasaha rayuwa, da sun gano shi da dadewa. Mutane da yawa zaton cewa wannan shi ne yanayin kazalika da da'irori a kan filayen na duniya, da suka ce, shi ne aikin da mutum. Wani musamman Karyata irin zane, da kuma wasu la'akari da su wani nau'i na zamani art. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan meteorological siffofin Antarctica sa, misali, kadan saɓani a cikin zazzabi. Bayan duk, da Sphere kuma cikin da'irar - yana da halitta nau'i, samar a cikin yanayi da kansu. Chetyrohkilometrovye da'ira a kan surface na subglacial Antarctic lake dã Yã kasance wasu halitta sabon abu, idan ba daya amma. Halitta yankunan Antarctica ne irin wannan cewa ya polynya kafa, dole ne a zahiri tafasa a kan - shi ne ka'ida ta kimiyyar lissafi. Amma a wuraren da m gurãbunsu, kankara kauri kai uku kilomita aka samu. A ranar, da kimiyya duniya ba a san, babu gangarowa a ɓoye cewa zai iya erode wani m kankara.

Abin da muka sani game da iyakacin duniya ta Kudu

Kasa tsarawa Antarctica ƙaddara da ta tsororuwar, Cipher kabido (63 ° 14'S. W., Kuma 57 ° 11 's. D.). Wannan nahiyar ne kamar haka ware daga saman na duniya. By yankin, da Antarctic ne m ga Kudu Amurka nahiyar. All kusance da hanyoyin da kankara "dodanni" ana katange da babbar icebergs da kankara filayen. A cikin hunturu, samun damar zuwa garin kankara nahiyar ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan gansakuka da lichen, da akwai kome mafi girma. Constant sanyi hadari iskõki yin wannan morzly nahiyar kusan ba zai yiwu ga mutum habitation. Duk da muhimmanci kayayyakin more rayuwa na 'yan wandanda (iyakacin duniya) goyon daga ɓangaren duniya. A hakar albarkatun kasa, da shigo da makamai da kuma kayan aikin soji, bisa ga kasa da kasa yarjejeniya, an tsananin haramta a nahiyar. Antarctica ba zai iya ya kamãta da kõwa. Amma kowace shekara kudancin saman duniya ta surface an aika jiragen ruwa da kuma jirage da sabon iyakacin duniya kimiyya expeditions cewa da takamaiman ayyuka. Abin da suke neman da kuma abin da sirrin buya koguna da tabkuna da Antarctica?

A ci gaba da iyakacin duniya nahiyar

1 Yuli, 1957 sittin da bakwai kasashe sun amince su gudanar da binciken kimiyya a guda shirin a duk faɗin duniya. A wani mataki mai gwaji. Yana fara wani babban farmakin a Antarctica. Goma sha uku jirgi ya yi rũgũguwar fita zuwa ta gaba. Kowace} asa ya gina wani ofishin a cikin wintering tsananin kaddamarda ta kansu. Tarayyar Soviet samu wani rabo tsakanin 80 da 105 gabashin longitudes. A flagship na farko Soviet balaguro dizal lantarki jirgin "Likitan mata" zo nan a Janairu 1956 wata. Soviet iyakacin duniya explorers farko ga Antarctica. Ban sha'awa gaskiya: da shi lura da cewa coldest zafin jiki a Duniya da aka rubuta daidai a cikin yankin na "Vostok" tashar. Ga Mayu 21, 1983 iyakacin duniya meteorology rajista -128,56 digiri Fahrenheit, ko -89,2 Celsius.

The duniya rawa sabon abu Finds

Opening na Rasha iyakacin duniya explorers aka tsanani gaji da damuwa da dukan kasa da kasa kimiyya al'umma. Musamman a hankali abubuwan da suka faru na balaguro a kusa da Lake Vostok a Antarctica bi ichthyologists da jewelers. A ruwa samfurori dauka a zurfin 4000 mita, mun samu burbushi na zinariya, da ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya na kifi da cewa a zahiri za a iya kira zinariya.

Golden ruwa na Antarctica

Lokacin da dagawa da kankara tsakiya daga Lake Vostok, masana kimiyya sun sãmu, a cikinsa, a gaskiya, da zinariya karfe. Micro-na nazarin kankara da ruwa, na musamman da kankara lake ya nuna cewa da yawa daga cikin taro na zinariya ions a su ne 80%. Wannan shi ne, shi dai itace cewa abun ciki na zinariya ions a cikin ruwa yayi dace da zinariya ingot 700-th samfurin. Wani abu shi ne cewa da karfe a cikin ruwa shi ne a cikin kwayoyin form, kuma ga ido tsirara shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a yi gani. Daya daga cikin manyan matsaloli domin gudanar da bincike na iyakacin duniya wuyar warwarewa ne bakararre ruwa zuwa wanda sosai karfe impurities gano. Akwai wani zato cewa Lake Vostok shi ne mafi girma zinariya-na zama, da kuma tauraron dan adam hasashe aka tabbatar. Ridge, dauke da daraja karfe inclusions, na iya zama wani ci gaba da karkashin ruwa nawa Yanokocha (Yanococha), wanda fãra a cikin ta Kudu American Andes, da tekun na Jamhuriyar Peru. Kiyasta zinariya-iyakacin duniya core a da sinadaran abun da ke ciki shi ne ba uniform. A sassa daban-daban na ta daraja karfe inclusions da daban-daban kwayoyin tsarin. A Kudu iyakacin duniya ne a cikin wannan ma'ana bayyana kanta a matsayin mai maganadisu a duniyar sikelin. Sai dai itace cewa wani yanki na zinariya karafa ne gauraye da ruwa taro a matakin kwayoyin yadawa. Daga waje duniya Lake Vostok a Antarctica ne gaba daya katange wani lokacin farin ciki Layer kankara, don haka ga daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, da abun ciki na daraja karfe buwãya ba a ko'ina. Ci gaba da wannan duniya taska matsayin gashi lafiya m banki, kawai a kasa da "Gabas" na Rasha tashar. Antarctica, da Gabas (Lake) - wani yanki na kimiyya. Yana ba ya kasance a kowace gwamnati. Amma yanzu da dama na kasashen nuna matsayin su: suke nema kudin shiga ga dukiya da cewa Rasha masana kimiyya sun samu.

Kifin zinari a subglacial duniya

The abin mamaki shi ne cewa Lake Vostok a Antarctica da aka sanaki. Sabon abu abu-iyakacin duniya masana kimiyya sun samu a daya daga cikin samfurori da kankara samfurori, wato Sikeli, wasu ba a sani ba zuwa ga kimiyya da bil'adama da kifi. Masana kimiyya informally kira shi da zinariya, da gaskiya da haka. Daraja karfe, narkar da a ruwa mai zurfi, gaba daya rufe wannan enigmatic kifi bakin ciki Layer. Kuna hukunta da size Sikeli, wannan iyakacin duniya misali yana da tsawon game da casa'in santimita. Wannan musamman Antarctic samu iya canza duka asali kimiyya. Yana zama a bayyane yake cewa a cikin karni labari game da zinariya kifi har yanzu akwai shi. Za mu iya kawai fatan cewa ita har yanzu da rai, kuma ya ba su rasa ta ba dama da kuma irin wannan m ikon kashe wani mutum zũciyõyinsu ...

Tatsuniya iyakacin duniya yanayi

Har yanzu ya kasance wani bude tambaya game da shekaru Lake Vostok. Akalla 400 000 shekara, kuma watakila ma da miliyan. Yaya shi zo daga? A cewar wani na farko jarrabawa na gogayya multikilometer kankara tare da surface. Ya fara narke, da kuma kankara daga high matsa lamba a cikin ruwa a wani m zazzabi, bisa ga ka'idar Thermodynamics. Na biyu jarrabawa da shawara cewa subglacial lake ya kasance kullum. Duk da haka, a lokacin da colder, nahiyar canja zuwa iyakacin duniya an rufe ta da ɓawon burodi na kankara. Ga dubbai na ƙarni, shi ne gaba daya ware daga ruwa na sanyi iska.

Kimiyya shiriritar da kuma kara binciken

Abin da ya ba irin waɗannan duniya wayewar Antarctic bincike? Masana kimiyya kira wadannan da wasu binciken for Extraterrestrial rai a duniya kwayoyin. Idan kara jarrabawa na lake nuna cewa babu wani rai, shi kuma za ta samar da wani muhimmin samu. Tun da yake wannan ne na farko muhalli alkuki a cikin abin da ba zai yiwu kwayan rayuwa. A cikin duka tatsuniyoyinsu, nazarin shi zai zama da amfani don bincika Extraterrestrial rai a sauran duniyoyi, kankara, kamar Turai, da watã na Jupiter.