Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - a ... ãyõyin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Tsarin Numfashi halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Kusan dukkan mu zaton cewa za mu iya ba da wani definition of manufar wani m makaranta shirin ba tare da wani matsaloli. Alal misali, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - kwado, kunkuru, crocodiles da kamar Flora. Eh, gaskiya ne. To suna da wasu wakilan da za mu iya, amma abin da game da bayanin irin halaye ko salon? Ko ta yaya suka kuma alama a cikin wani musamman aji? Mene ne dalilin da? Kuma abin da ke da juna? Amma tare da wannan, za ka yarda, shi ne mafi rikitarwa.

Abin da za su mamaki da mu?

Shi ne wata ila cewa numfashi tsarin ne daban-daban daga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kamar ciki na'urar, misali, dabbobi masu shayarwa ko dabbobi masu rarrafe. Amma abin da? Ko akwai kamanni a tsakãninmu da tsakãninsu? Don duk wadannan tambayoyi muka yi kokarin amsa a wannan labarin. Duk da haka, yana da daraja da biyan hankali ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin aiwatar da nazari da kayan karatu ba kawai su koyi game da abin da yake kama da juna dabbobi masu rarrafe (kunkuru da kuma crocodiles masa, ta hanyar, ba nema), amma kuma don matsahi na saba da mafi ban sha'awa facts hade tare da data dabbobi. Mun vouch cewa game da wani abu ba ka ko da tunanin. Me ya sa? The abu ne cewa, sashe na makaranta littafi ba ko da yaushe ba ta dukkan iyaka na ilimi.

Janar bayani game da ajin

Class Amphibia (halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ko) ne m vertebrate kakanninsa wanda fiye da 360 Ma sauya yanayi da kuma fita daga cikin ruwa zuwa kasa. da sunan fassara a matsayin "rayuwa iri biyu" a zamanin d Girkanci harshe.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - wani banda kisan gillar halittun da m jiki zafin jiki, wanda ya dogara a kan na waje muhalli da yanayi.

A lokacin da warmer watanni na shekara, da suka ayan zama aiki, amma a farko na sanyi weather hibernate. Akwai halittar dabba mai kafafuwa (frogs, newts salaman) a cikin ruwa, amma babbar ɓangare na da zama, da za'ayi a ƙasar. Wannan yanayin za a iya kira kusan asali rai na jinsunan halittu masu rai.

jinsunan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

A general, wannan aji na dabbobi hada da fiye da 3000 jinsunan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, wakilta uku kungiyoyin:

• Tailed (Kadangare).
• tailless (rana).
• legless (caecilians).

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa bayyana a temperate da kuma wurare masu zafi canjin yanayin. Duk da haka, da wannan ne inda suke zaune da wannan rana.

Amma, duk suna da kananan da kuma samun tsayin babu fiye da daya mita. A togiya ne giant salamander (babban fasali na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a shi kamar yadda idan greased), wanda ke zaune a kasar Japan da kuma isa wani tsawon har zuwa shida mita.

Ransa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ciyar kadai. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wannan bai faru ba a sakamakon juyin halitta. A farko halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suke daidai da wannan hanya ta rayuwa.

Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, suna daidai camouflaged, canza ta launi. Af, ba kowa da kowa ya san cewa kariya daga yara ne kuma mai guba secreted ta musamman gland na fata. Watakila, wannan alama ne kawai mallaki dabbobi masu rarrafe, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, kuma arthropod. Dabbobi masu shayarwa da irin wannan wani sa na musamman siffofin ba a samu a yanayi. A gaskiya ma, ko da ya wuya, kamar saba mana duk cat iya daidaita nasu jiki zafin jiki, dangane da canje-canje a cikin yanayi ko saki guba kare kare farmaki ta.

Musamman na fata

All halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da santsi bakin ciki fata sutura, arziki fata gland cewa asirce gamsai da ake bukata domin gas musayar.

Asirce gamsai kuma hana fata daga bushewa fita, kuma zai iya hada mai guba abu ko siginar. Rabe epidermis yalwa sanye take da wani cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries. Mai venomous jinsunan iya daukar haske launuka, abin da hidima a matsayin m na'urar da wani gargadi ga yara.

Wasu amphibian kungiyoyin tailless a kan babba Layer na epidermis jaraba gamu da ilimi. An musamman ɓullo da toads, a cikin abin da fiye da rabi daga cikin fata surface ta rufe sashen dutsen corneum. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa rauni actinic cover bai hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga ruwa ta hanyar fata. Kamar wancan shirya numfashi halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da za su iya kawai numfashi karkashin ruwa fata.

A nazarin sasannin jinsunan keratinized fata na iya samar a kan wata gabar jiki fika. A tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa duk subcutaneous sarari shagaltar da ta lymphatic lacunae - rami inda da tara ruwa. Kuma kawai a cikin 'yan wuraren da connective nama da fata an haɗa zuwa tsokoki halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

salon halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, photos na wanda za a iya samu a dukan littattafan a kan ilmin dabbobi, sha da dama, saukarwa na ci gaba: haifa a cikin ruwa da kuma ciwon kama kifi a sakamakon hira da ya samu na huhu numfasawa da ikon rayuwa a cikin ƙasa.

Wannan ci gaban da aka samu ba a cikin sauran vertabrate, amma shi ne na kowa a m kwaro.

Sun riga sun mamaye wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin ruwa da kuma nazarin sasannin vertabrate. Live halittar dabba mai kafafuwa (kifi a cikin wannan yanki ya bayyana a zama mafi dace wakilan fauna) a dukan sassa na duniya, inda a can ne ruwa, ruwa tare, fãce sanyi kasashen. Mafi yawansu ba su ciyar da rabin rãyukansu a cikin ruwa. A wasu manya rayuwa a ƙasar, amma a yankunan da high zafi da kuma kusa da ruwa.

A lokacin fari na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa (tsuntsu zai hãsadar irin wannan siffa), hibernate, aka binne a cikin laka, da kuma a cikin sanyi a temperate zones fallasa rashin himma.

A mafi m habitats ne wurare masu zafi kasashen da rainforests. Kalla na duk halittar dabba mai kafafuwa fi son m sasanninta yanayi (Central Asia, Australia da kuma sauransu. D.).

Shi ne ruwa-kasa ma'abũta, fifita yawanci nocturnal. Ku ciyar da rana a cikin wani tsari ko a cikin rabin barci. Tailed nau'in motsi a ƙasa kama da dabbobi ne masu rarrafe, da kuma tailless - a takaice hops.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - suna da dabbobi da yawa ana iya hawa itatuwa. Ba kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, adult maza ne sosai wadanda suka, suka soundless a cikin matasa.

Ikon a mafi yawan lokuta ya dogara da shekaru da kuma mataki na ci gaba. The larvae abinci a kan shuka da dabbobi kwayoyin. Kamar yadda suka samu mazan akwai bukatar for live abinci. Wannan shi ne hakikanin da yara, ciyar a kan tsutsotsi, kwari da kuma kananan vertabrate. A lokacin zafi na su ci ƙaruwa. The mazaunan yammacin sahara yawa voracious fiye da su dangi daga kasashen da temperate canjin yanayin.

A farkon rayuwar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, photos na wanda ƙawata atlases, a fili da nuna juyin halittar mutum raya kasa, ci gaba cikin sauri, amma a kan lokaci su girma slows zuwa ja jiki. A ci gaba da frogs kara zuwa shekaru 10, ko da yake balaga da aka kai a farkon 4-5 shekaru. A wasu jinsunan, girma tsaya a nan ba kawai shekaru 30.

A general, ya kamata a lura da cewa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - wannan shi ne wani sosai Hardy dabbobi, iya yin tsayayya da yunwa mafi alhẽri daga dabbobi masu rarrafe. Alal misali, toad, dasa a wani damp wuri, na iya zama ba tare da abinci domin har zuwa shekaru biyu. Tsarin Numfashi halittar dabba mai kafafuwa yayin da ci gaba da zama fara aiki.

Har ila yau halittar dabba mai kafafuwa sun rasa ikon regenerate sassa na jiki. Duk da haka, a sosai halittar dabba mai kafafuwa irin kaddarorin ne kasa pronounced ko ba ya nan.

Kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna kuma da sauri warkar da raunuka. Special lamarinsa bambanta tailed jinsunan. Idan wani salamander ko Kadangare daskare a cikin ruwa, sun fada cikin wani mãyen da kuma zama gaggautsa. Da zaran kankara narke, da dabbobi ake mayar da sake zuwa rayuwa. Ya kamata a cire daga ruwa Kadangare, ya take shrinks kuma babu alamu na rai. Saka shi da baya - da kuma Kadangare da rai a lokaci daya.

Jikin siffar da kashi tsarin kama kifi. Kwakwalwa kunshi biyu hemispheres, da cerebellum da midbrain, kuma yana da sauki tsarin. The laka ne mafi matukar cigaba fiye da kai. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne kawai hakora kama da rike ganima, amma ba ta dace da ta tauna. Na bayar da muhimmanci ga rayuwar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da numfashi da kuma Sistem tsarin. Su, kamar masu rarrafe, sanyi jini.

A bayyanar da salon masu rarrafe (kunkuru, yi tunani, ba ya tambaya a gare su, ko da yake wani lokacin kai a irin wannan salon) ya kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: tailless, tailed da legless. A wakilan hada tailless frogs, wanda aka yada a duk faɗin duniya, inda a can ne isasshen danshi da kuma abinci. Frogs son zama a kan rairayin bakin teku da kuma bask a rana. Lokacin da wani hadari, sunã gaugãwar cikin ruwa da kuma Burrow cikin yl.

Wakilai daga irin wannan babban rukuni na dabbobi, kamar yadda wani aji halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, iyo da kyau. Tare da m na sanyi weather halittar dabba mai kafafuwa hibernate. Spawning daukan wuri a cikin warmer watanni. A ci gaba da qwai da kuma tadpoles ne azumi. Su main abinci ne da kayan lambu da dabbobi abinci.

Tailed halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kamar kadangaru. Live a ko kusa da kududdufai da ruwa. Su ne nocturnal da kuma boye lokacin da rana a mafaka. Ba kamar kadangaru a ƙasar su ne m da kuma jinkirin, amma ruwa ne sosai agile. Suka ciyar a kan ƙananan kifaye, mollusks, kwari da kuma sauran kananan dabbobi. A irin wannan sun hada da salaman newts, Proteus, giant salamander da sauransu. D.

By detachment legless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne caecilians, wanda da kama don macizai da legless kadangaru. Duk da haka, domin ci gaba da kuma ciki tsarin su ne kama salaman da Proteus. Caecilians rayuwa a wurare masu zafi kasashen (sai Madagascar da kuma Australia). Suna zaune karkashin kasa, kamar bĩga. Kai wannan salon a matsayin earthworm cewa dokoki su rage cin abinci. Wasu caecilians kawo viviparous zuriyarsa. Sauran faduwa qwai a cikin ƙasa kusa da ruwa, ko a cikin ruwa.

amfanin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne na farko, kuma mafi m terrestrial mazaunan, bautar wani wuri na musamman a cikin juyin halitta daga terrestrial vertabrate, wanda shine kalla gane.

Alal misali, irin rawar da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa a rayuwar mutum ya dade da aka sani. A wannan batun, da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna da nisa sosai a baya. Duk da haka, su ma na mai da muhimmanci a mutum tattalin arziki aiki. Kamar yadda aka sani, a kasashe da dama na frogs 'kafafu ne delicacies da kuma sosai nemi bayan. Domin wadannan dalilai a Turai da Arewacin Amirka game da mutum ɗari da miliyan frogs samar a kowace shekara. Wannan ya nuna cewa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna da duka tattalin arziki muhimmanci.

A manya ciyar a kan dabba abinci. Cin kwari kwari a gidãjen Aljanna, da gonaki da filayen, suna amfana mutane. Daga cikin kwari, molluscs da tsutsotsi akwai kuma dako na m iri-iri cututtuka.

An dauke da kasa amfani halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da cewa ciyar a kan ruwa kwayoyin. A ware ne Triton. Ko da yake tushen su abinci kunshi cikin ruwa kwayoyin, sun kuma ciyar a kan sauro larvae (a Vol. H. zazzabin cizon sauro) cewa irin a cikin tafkunan da dumi da kuma m ruwa.

Amfanin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a mutunta mutane da yawa ya dogara da yawa, yanayi, abinci da kuma sauran abubuwa. Duk wadannan abubuwan shafi ikon halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Alal misali, fadama rana, inhabiting da ruwa, shi ne mafi amfani fiye da 'yan uwansu da suke zaune a wasu wuraren.

Ba kamar tsuntsaye, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa lalata da mafi yawan kwari mallakan lãbãraiya da tsaro da fasalolin da basa ci tsuntsaye. Har ila yau, nazarin sasannin jinsunan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ciyar da mafi yawa a dare, a lokacin da da yawa insectivorous tsuntsaye barci.

Cikakken muhimmancin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a rayuwar mutum zai iya kawai a kiyasta tare da isasshen nazarin wadannan dabbobi. A halin yanzu, da ilmin halitta na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne sosai na waje ilmi.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na abinci sarkar

Wasu Jawo-qazanta dabbobi, mafi halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne babban abinci. Alal misali, da rayuwa mai rekun kare a daban-daban habitats dogara da yawan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a wadannan yankunan.

Mink, Otter, Badger da polecat yarda ci halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Saboda haka, yawan wadannan dabbobi muhimmanci saboda farauta filaye. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna kunshe a cikin abinci da kuma sauran yara. Musamman idan ba ka da isasshen na asali abinci - kananan hakori.

Bugu da kari, da m kasuwanci kifi a cikin hunturu, da tafkunan da kõguna ciyar da frogs. A mafi yawan lokuta, su samarwa zama ruwan kasa rana, wanda da bambanci da kore da rana ba binne a cikin hunturu yl. A lokacin rani shi Ciyarwar a terrestrial kwaro, a cikin hunturu ke a cikin hunturu a cikin lake. Saboda haka, amphibian zama wani tsakiya da kuma replenishes da abinci tushe ga kifi.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma kimiyya

Godiya ga tsarinta da survivability amphibian aka yi amfani a matsayin awon dabbobi. Shi ne a kan rana da aka gudanar da most yawan gwaje-gwajen daga ilmin halitta darussa a makaranta zuwa manyan binciken kiwon lafiya masana kimiyya. Domin wadannan dalilai a matsayin nazarin halittu abu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje amfani a shekara a kan dubban frogs. Yana yiwuwa wannan zai iya haifar da da cikakken halakar da dabbobi. Af, a Ingila ta dakatar kamawa kwaɗi, kuma sun kasance yanzu a karkashin kariya.

Yana da wuya a lissafa duk binciken kimiyya alaka gwaje-gwajen da kuma physiological gwaje-gwajen a frogs. Kwanan nan, an samu su aikace-aikace a dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma na asibiti yi domin farkon ganewa na ciki. Gabatarwa daga fitsari na mata masu ciki a namiji kwãɗi, da toads ne su m aiwatar da spermatogenesis. A wannan girmamawa, musamman tsaye fitar da kore toad.

A mafi m halittar dabba mai kafafuwa duniya

Daga cikin talauci sani jinsunan na wadannan dabbobi samu da yawa rare da kuma sabon abu samfurori.

Alal misali, fatalwa rana (HALITTAR Heleophryne) - shi ne a gaskiya na musamman da iyali na tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa tare da kawai shida jinsunan, daya daga wanda ke kawai samu a cikin hurumi. A fili, a nan kuma akwai wani sabon abu wajen sunan jinsin. Suna zaune yafi a cikin arewa maso gabashin Afirka ta Kudu, kusa da gandun daji qarqashinsu. Ana sized zuwa 5 cm da kuma sake kamanni launi. Su ne nocturnal da kuma boye a karkashin kankara a dare. Duk da haka, biyu jinsuna kusan zasu kare a yau.

Proteus (Proteus anguinus) - tailed view aji halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da suke zaune a karkashin kasa da tabkuna. Yana kai tsawon 30 cm. Dukan mutane suna makafi, kuma da bayyana fata. Proteus farauta ta hanyar lantarki da ýan na fata da kuma ji na wari. Iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci don har zuwa shekaru 10.

Next wakilin rana zooglossus Gardner (Sooglossus gardineri) tana nufin daya daga cikin mafi m jinsunan tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Shi ne a karkashin barazana halaka. Yana yana da tsawon ba fiye da 11 mm.

Darwin ta rana - shi ne mai kananan tailless amphibian da cewa na zaune a cikin sanyi dutsen tabkuna. A jikin tsawon game da 3 cm. The maza suna Hatching zuriyarsu a cikin makogwaro jakar.

Ban sha'awa facts game da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

• Ko nisa daga duk m matafiya san cewa jihar na Peru da yawa cafes, abin da hidima na musamman cocktails na frogs. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan yanã shã kawar da yawa cututtuka, bi da fuka da kuma mashako, taimaka mayar iko. Daya hanyar shirya shi ne don nika live rana a blender tare da Bugu da kari na wake miya, zuma, Aloe ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma poppy tushen. Ko kana shirye ka kuskura fitar da kokarin wannan tasa?
• M halittar dabba mai kafafuwa rayuwa a kudancin Amirka. Paradoxical rana girma mazan rage a cikin size. Saba adult tsawon kai kawai 6 cm. Duk da haka, su tadpoles girma har zuwa 25 cm. M fasalin.
• A gwaje-gwajen a dakin gwaje-gwaje kwaɗi, Australian masu bincike sun sanya wani mai haɗari samu. Suka gane cewa wadannan dabbobi ne iya cire waje jikinsu daga gabar ta cikin mafitsara. Kwararrun da kuma sosai mashawarta masana kimiyya shukakkun dabbobi riwayar cewa bayan wani lokaci ya koma zuwa ga bladders. Saboda haka, shi ya bayyana cewa shigar da jiki halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, bažin abubuwa hankali ke tsiro da kuma taushi nama kõma a cikin mafitsara. Wannan samu zahiri ya yi wani juyin juya hali a kimiyya.
• 'Yan da na kowa mutane sane da cewa a cikin hanyar m Ƙibtawa frogs a lokacin da abinci da aka turawa abinci a cikin makogwaro. Animals ba su iya tauna abinci da kuma turawa harshensa a cikin esophagus. Ƙibtawa idanu suna kõma zuwa ga kwanyar da musamman tsokoki da kuma taimaka tura da abinci.
• A sha'awa misali wakiltar Afirka rana Trichobatrachus Robustus, wanda ya mallaka m na'urar domin neman kariya daga abokan gaba. A lokacin da barazana da kafafu soki da subcutaneous kashi, kafa wani irin "fika". Lokacin da hatsarin ne a kan, "fika" suna ja da baya, da kuma regenerate lalace nama. Yarda, ba wani wakilin zamani fauna iya fariya a gaban irin wannan amfani da musamman fasali.