Kwarangwal tsoka. kwarangwal tsoka kungiyoyin. Tsarin da kuma aiki na kwarangwal tsoka

Tsokoki - daya daga cikin babban aka gyara na jiki. Suna dogara ne a kan masana'anta, da fiber an rage ƙarƙashin rinjayar juyayi hasken dake fitowa, barin jiki don matsawa da za a kiyaye a cikin yanayi.

Tsokoki suna located in kowane sashi na jikin mu. Kuma hakĩka, idan ba mu san su zama, su ne har yanzu akwai. Isasshen, misali, da farko zuwa dakin motsa jiki, ko aerobics - Kashegari za ka fara su ji masa rauni har ma da wadanda tsokoki, da gaban wanda ka sani ba.

Su ne alhakin ba kawai domin motsi. A sauran, tsokoki ma bukatar makamashi don ci gaba da kanka a mai kyau siffar. Wannan shi ne don tabbatar da cewa a kowane lokaci a wasu sashi na jiki iya amsa ga jijiyar m motsi, maimakon kashe lokaci a kan horo.

Don gane da tsarin da tsokoki, da muka bayar da shawarar a tuna da kayan yau da kullum, su maimaita rarrabuwa da kuma duba a cikin salon salula tsarin da tsoka. Mun kuma koyi game da cutar, wanda zai iya shafar aikinsu, da kuma yadda za a karfafa da kwarangwal tsokoki.

Janar Concepts

Kamar yadda da abun ciki da kuma halayen faruwa tsoka zaruruwa kasu kashi:

• striated.
• santsi.

Kwarangwal tsoka - elongated tubular tsarin, da yawan nuclei a daya cell wanda zai iya isa da dama da ɗari. Sun kunshi tsoka nama, wanda aka a haɗe zuwa sassa daban-daban na fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kwarangwal. Ƙanƙancewa na striated tsokoki da taimako zuwa adam motsi.

salo da dama

A daban-daban tsokoki? Hotuna gabatar a wannan labarin zai taimake mu mu fahimce shi.

Kwarangwal tsokoki ne daya daga cikin babban aka gyara na musculoskeletal tsarin. Su ba ka damar matsawa da kuma kula da sikẽli, kazalika da hannu a aiwatar da numfasawa, phonation, da kuma sauran ayyuka.

A cikin mutane, akwai fiye da 60 tsokoki. A kashi na su total nauyi ne 40% na jimlar jiki nauyi. Tsokoki suna classified bisa ga tsari da kuma tsarin:

• m dogara sanda-dimbin yawa.
• bakin ciki farantin.

Nau'in simplifies da binciken

Rarraba cikin kungiyoyin na kwarangwal tsoka shi ne dogara a kan wuri da darajar da ayyukan a cikin daban-daban gabobin jiki. Babban kungiyoyin:

Tsokoki na kai da wuya:

• mimic - sa ka murmushi, tattaunawa da halittar daban-daban grimaces, yayin da tabbatar da cewa yunkuri na gyara sassa na fuska.
• chewable - taimakawa wajen canza matsayi na maxillofacial sashen.
• da son rai tsokoki na ciki gabobin da kai (taushi palate, harshe, da idanu, tsakiyar kunne).

Groups na kwarangwal tsokoki na mahaifa kashin baya:

• surface - taimaka QFontDatabase da rotational ƙungiyoyi na shugaban.
• Middle - ƙirƙirar kasa bango na baka rami, da kuma inganta downward yunkuri na muƙamuƙi, da hyoid kashi da kuma laryngeal cartilages.
• zurfin kwashe tilts da rotations na kai, kiwon haifar da farko da na biyu gefuna.

Tsokoki photo kuke gani a nan, suna da alhakin da jiki da kuma ya kasu kashi tsoka daure wadannan sassan:

• thoracic - actuates babba jiki da kuma makamai, da kuma ma na taimaka wa wani canji a matsayi na hakarkarinsa a lokacin numfashi.
• ciki - shi ya ba da motsi na jini ta cikin jijiyoyinmu, daukawa fitar da canji na matsayi na kirji lokacin da numfashi, rinjayar da aiki na gastrointestinal fili, da inganta harkokin lankwasawa da akwati.
• baya - Halicci propulsion tsarin daga cikin manya extremities.

reshe tsokoki:

• saman - an yi sama da tsoka nama da kafada abin ɗamara da kuma na sama reshe free, taimaka don matsawa da hannu a kafada hadin gwiwa kwantena da kuma haifar da wani yunkuri na wuyan hannu da yatsu.
• m - na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin motsi na mutum a sarari, zuwa kashi tsokoki na pelvic abin ɗamara da kuma free ɓangare.

A tsarin kwarangwal tsoka

A da tsarin, shi yana da manyan yawan tsoka zaruruwa na elongated siffar tare da diamita na 10 zuwa 100 microns, su tsawon jeri daga 1 zuwa 12 cm zaruruwa (microfibrils) ne na bakin ciki -. Actin, kuma m - myosin.

A farko kunshi mai gina jiki da ciwon fibrillar tsarin. Ya kira actin. M zaruruwa kunshi wani irin myosin. Suna halin da lokaci da ake bukata domin bazuwar na ATP kwayoyin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani daban-daban gudun ragi.

Myosin a santsi tsoka Kwayoyin located in a Tarwatsa jihar, ko da yake akwai manyan adadin furotin, wanda, bi da bi, shi ne mnogoznachaschim a tsawo tonic contractions.

A tsarin kwarangwal tsoka ne kama da igiya ko stranded waya zaruruwa. Top a kusa da ita bakin ciki cover na connective nama kira epimizium. A ta ciki surface zurfi a cikin tsoka fito finer sashe connective nama, samar da partitions. Suna "nade" mutum daure na tsoka nama, wanda dauke da har zuwa 100 a kowace daga cikin fibrils. Suna zurfi tashi narrower reshe.

Ta hanyar duk da yadudduka a cikin kwarangwal tsokoki shiga cikin Sistem da kuma juyayi tsarin. Jijiya Vienna gudanar tare perimiziuma - a connective nama rufe da daure na tsoka zaruruwa. Jijiya da kuma venous capillaries suna located kusa.

ci gaban tsarin

Kwarangwal tsokoki ci gaba daga mesodam. Daga cikin juyayi tsagi kafa somites. Sa'ad da lokaci su ake kasaftawa myotomes. Su Kwayoyin, shan wani nau'i na dogara sanda, gwamnatin cikin myoblasts, wanda aka rarraba. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ci gaba, yayin da wasu kasance canzawa da kuma siffar miosatellitotsity.

A qananan bangare na myoblasts saboda tuntube na iyakacin duniya da ke sa lamba tare da juna fiye da a lamba zone plasmalemma hargitse. Saboda da cell Fusion ne symplasts. Suna motsi matasa undifferentiated tsoka Kwayoyin, dake a cikin wannan yanayi da myosymplasts ginshiki membrane.

Kwarangwal tsoka aiki

Wannan shi ne dalilin da musculature na musculoskeletal tsarin. Idan shi ke da karfi, jiki da sauki ga tsare a daidai wuri, da kuma yiwuwar samun faru na scoliosis stoop ko rage girmanta. A ribobi san duk wasanni, don haka mun yi la'akari da irin rawa da tsokoki.

Contractile kwarangwal tsoka nama a cikin jikin mutum yin da yawa daban-daban ayyuka, waxanda suke da zama dole ga daidai sakawa na jiki da kuma hulda da sassa da juna.

Tsokoki yi da wadannan ayyuka:

• samar da motsi na jiki;
• ƙaunar zafi makamashi halitta a cikin jiki.
• sauƙaƙe tsaye motsi da kuma riƙe a cikin sarari.
• taimakawa wajen rage na numfashi fili da kuma taimaka tare da hadiya.
• siffar mimics.
• taimakawa wajen ci gaban zafi.

gudana support

Lokacin da tsoka ne a sauran, akwai ko da yaushe wani kadan tashin hankali, da ake kira tsoka sautin. An kafa saboda qananan pulsed mitoci cewa shigar da laka tsokoki. Su sakamako ne ya sa ta sakonni cewa, shiga daga shugaban da kashin baya motoneurons. Muscle sautin kuma ya dogara da su janar yanayin:

• mikewa.
• ciko matakin na tsoka kwasfa.
• jini enrichment.
• jimlar na ruwa da kuma gishiri balance.

Mutum yana da ikon daidaita matakin tsoka load. A sakamakon shafe tsawon wasan motsa jiki, ko da wani karfi wani tunanin da kuma juyayi iri involuntary tsoka sautin ƙaruwa.

Ƙanƙancewa na kwarangwal tsokoki da su iri

Wannan aiki ne na asali. Amma ko da ta, tare da bayyana sauki, za a iya raba da dama iri.

Iri contractile tsoka:

• isotonic - da ikon da tsoka nama taqaitaccen ba tare da canji na tsoka zaruruwa.
• Yanar gizo - da dauki na fiber rage-rage, amma ta tsawon kasance iri guda.
• auksotonicheskie - aiwatar da ƙanƙancewa na tsoka nama, cikinsa da tsawon da kuma tashin hankali na tsokoki hõre canje-canje.

Bari mu bincika wannan tsari a cikin mafi daki-daki

Na farko, da kwakwalwa ke aika na tsarin jijiya tsarin ta hanyar wani bugun jini wanda ya kai motor neuron dab da tsoka cuta. Next efferent neurons innervated na synoptic vesicle, da kuma fito da neurotransmitter. Yana hadawa da rabe a kan sarcolemma tsoka zaruruwa, kuma ya bude sodium tashar, wadda take kaiwa zuwa matattarar depolarization, haddasa wani mataki m. Lokacin da isasshen neurotransmitter stimulates samar da alli ions. Yana nan haɗi da troponin kuma stimulates ta ƙanƙancewa. Wannan, bi da bi, na jan tropomeazin, kyale to connect actin da myosin.

Sa'an nan aiwatar farawa actin filament zamiya zumunta myosin, inda akwai wata rage daga kwarangwal tsoka. Don gane da aiwatar da ƙanƙancewa na striated tsoka daure so Schematic misali.

Ka'idar aiki na kwarangwal tsokoki

The hulda da wani babban yawan tsoka daure taimaka wa daban-daban ƙungiyoyi na jiki.

The aiki na kwarangwal tsokoki iya faruwa wadannan hanyoyi:

• tsoka-synergists aiki a daya shugabanci.
• antagonist tsokoki taimakawa wajen cimma m ƙungiyoyi ga ƙarfin lantarki.

Antagonistic mataki na tsokoki ne daya daga cikin babban dalilai a cikin ayyuka na musculoskeletal tsarin. A cikin darasi na wani mataki a cikin aikin hada da ba wai kawai da tsoka zaruruwa, wanda yin shi, amma su antagonists. Sun taimaka counteract motsi da kuma ba concreteness da alheri.

Striated kwarangwal tsoka lokacin da fallasa su da hadin gwiwa da ke sa da wuya aikin. Ta halin da aka ƙaddara da wuri na hadin gwiwa axis da kuma zumunta matsayi na tsokoki.

Wasu ayyuka na kwarangwal tsokoki aka yayata, kuma sau da yawa ba magana game da su. Alal misali, wasu daga cikin jigajigan ne liba ga ƙasũsuwa.

Aiki da tsokoki a salon salula matakin

A mataki na kwarangwal tsokoki a kudi na biyu da sunadarai: actin da myosin. Wadannan aka gyara su ne iya matsawa zumunta da juna.

Ga yadda ya dace da tsoka nama na bukatar makamashi amfani, dauke a cikin sinadaran shaidu na Organic mahadi. A bazuwar da kuma hadawan abu da iskar shaka na abubuwa da faruwa a cikin tsokoki. A nan, iska ne dole ba, da kuma samar da makamashi da aka saki daga 33% na jimlar ciyar a kan aiki damar tsoka nama, da kuma 67% da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wasu kyallen takarda da aka kuka da kansa don kula da akai yanayin jiki.

Cututtuka na kwarangwal tsoka

A mafi yawan lokuta, munanan a cikin aiki na tsokoki saboda wani pathological yanayin juyayi tsarin alhakin.

Mafi na kowa Pathology na kwarangwal tsoka:

• Muscle cramps - electrolyte rashin daidaituwa a extracellular ruwa kewaye tsoka da jijiya zaruruwa kazalika da sãɓãwar launukansa da osmotic matsa lamba a cikinsa, musamman ta karuwa.
• Hypocalcemic tetany - involuntary tetanic ƙanƙancewa na kwarangwal tsokoki, da lura a fall na extracellular Ca2 + taro har zuwa game da 40% na al'ada matakan.
• Murdede dystrophy ne halin da m degeneration na kwarangwal tsoka zaruruwa na myocardium, kazalika da murdede tawaya wanda zai iya kai ga mutuwa saboda numfashi ko cardiac gazawar.
• Myasthenia - kullum autoimmune cuta a cikin abin da jiki nuna antibodies zuwa nicotine ach-tsoka mai amsa sigina.

Shakatawa da kuma dawo da kwarangwal tsoka

Proper abinci mai gina jiki, rayuwa da kuma na yau da kullum motsa jiki da zai taimake ku zama ma'abũcin kyau da kuma lafiya kwarangwal tsokoki. Dole tafiyar da nauyin horar da gina tsoka taro. Isa yau da kullum cardio da yoga.

Kada ka manta da wajibi yarda daga cikin muhimman bitamin da kuma ma'adanai, kazalika da ziyara zuwa saunas da tururi baho tare da brooms, wanda damar oxygen zuwa wadãtar da tsoka nama da jini.

-Din-din shakatawa massages zai kara sassauci da kuma reproducibility tsoka daure. Shi ne kuma mai tasiri a kan tsarin da kuma aiki na kwarangwal tsoka sanya ziyarar cryo.