Muscle zaruruwa. Iri tsoka zaruruwa

Thin tsoka zaruruwa kafa kowane kwarangwal tsoka. Su kauri ne kawai game da 0,05-0,11 mm da kuma tsawon ne 15 cm. Muscle fiber striated tsoka nama suna tattara a cikin daure, wanda sun hada da zaruruwa na 10-50. Wadannan daure aka kewaye da connective nama (fascia).

A tsoka kanta kuma kewaye da fascia. Aƙalla 85-90% na ta girma har tsoka zaruruwa. Sauran part - jijiyoyi da jini da wuce tsakanin su. A iyakar tsoka zaruruwa suna striated tsoka nama ne a hankali canza kama zuwa cikin agara. A karshen suna a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa.

Mitochondria da myofibrils a cikin tsoka

Ka yi la'akari da tsarin da tsoka fiber. A cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) shi ya ƙunshi babban adadin mitochondria. Sun wasa da muhimmancin ikon a wadda musayar abubuwa da kuma tara da makamashi-m abubuwa, da waɗanda ake bukata don samar da makamashi bukatun. Akwai da dama dubban mitochondria a wani bangare na tsoka cell. Sun zauna game 30-35% na yawan taro.

A tsarin da tsoka fiber ne irin wannan cewa sarkar da mitochondria aka gina tare da myofibrils. Wannan bakin ciki filaments cewa samar da ƙanƙancewa da shakatawa na mu tsokoki. Yawancin lokaci daya cell da dama, myofibrils, a cikinsa kowane tsawon na iya zama har zuwa dama santimita. Idan nauyin duk folded myofibers na da tsoka Kwayoyin, da yawan ta total nauyi zai zama game da 50%. A kauri daga cikin fiber haka dogara da farko a kan yawan myofibrils located a cikinta, kazalika da giciye-tsarin. Bi da bi, da myofibrils an hada da yawa kankanin sarcomeres.

Striated tsoka nama zaruruwa ne halin da mata da maza. Duk da haka, su tsari ne dan kadan daban-daban dangane da jinsi. Bisa ga sakamakon tsoka biopsy binciken da aka yi cewa a cikin tsoka zaruruwa myofibrils yawan mata ne m fiye da na maza. Wannan ya shafi har zuwa high-matakin da 'yan wasa.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da sosai murdede taro ne rarraba unevenly a ko'ina cikin jiki a cikin mata da maza. The saran ɓangare na mata ne a cikin ƙananan sashi na jiki. A saman tsoka girma ne kananan, kuma suna kananan, kuma sau da yawa ya aikata untrained.

ja fiber

Dangane da gajiya, histochemical batawa da contractile Properties na tsoka zaruruwa ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: ja da fari. Red ne jinkirin zaruruwa ciwon kananan diamita. Domin samun makamashi sun yi amfani da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga m acid da kuma carbohydrates (irin tsarin da ake kira aerobic samar da makamashi). Wadannan zaruruwa suna kuma kira a matsayin jinkirin ko jinkirin-fizge. Wani lokaci su ake kira type 1 zaruruwa.

Me ja zaruruwa ake don haka ya kira

Red, aka kira su domin suna da ja histochemical saka launi. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa wadannan zaruruwa dauke da yawa myoglobin. Myoglobin - musamman pigment gina jiki da ciwon ja launi. Its aiki shi ne cewa shi kai oxygen zurfi a cikin tsoka zaruruwa na jini capillaries.

Features ja zaruruwa

Slow tsoka zaruruwa da jam'i na mitochondria. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari suna da za'ayi, wanda wajibi ne domin samar da makamashi. Red zaruruwa suna kewaye da wani babban cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries. Suna bukatar ya sadar da wani babban adadin oxygen da jini.

Slow tsoka zaruruwa suna da kyau saba da aiwatar da aerobic samar da makamashi tsarin. In mun gwada low ƙarfin su contractions. A kudi a wadda suka cinye makamashi ne ya isa ya yi kawai aerobic metabolism. Red zaruruwa da dace domin ba m da kuma ci gaba da aiki, kamar tafiya da jogging, stayerskogo nesa a iyo, aerobics da sauransu.

Akan rage tsoka fiber tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyoyi da cewa ba ya bukatar yawa kokarin. Godiya ga shi, kuma goyan bayan da matsayi. Wadannan striated tsoka nama halayyar fiber, wanda suke kunshe a cikin aiki a lodi jere daga 20 zuwa 25% na matsakaicin yiwu iko. Suna halin kyau kwarai halin iya jurewa. Duk da haka, da ja zaruruwa ba aiki a aiwatar sprints, dagawa nauyi, da dai sauransu, kamar yadda wadannan iri lodi bukatar mun gwada da azumi ya kwarara da kuma samar da makamashi. A saboda wannan dalili ne fari zaruruwa, wanda a yanzu mun tattauna.

fari zaruruwa

Suna kuma kira azumi, bystrosokraschayuschihsya irin 2 zaruruwa. Su diamita ne ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da ja. Domin samar da makamashi da suke amfani da yafi glycolysis (watau samar da makamashi tsarin da suka anaerobic). The azumi zaruruwa ne karami adadin myoglobin. Wannan ne ya sa suke fari.

The tsagawa ATP

Fast zaruruwa yana da girma ATPase aiki na enzyme. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsagawa ATP ne azumi, wannan ya ba da makamashi mai yawa, wanda wajibi ne ga m aiki. Tun da fari zaruruwa suna halin high kudi na makamashi kashe kudi, da kuma suka bukatar high gudun maido da ATP kwayoyin. Kuma shi zai iya samar da wani tsari na glycolysis domin, sabanin hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da shi ya auku a cikin sarcoplasm tsoka zaruruwa. Saboda haka, oxygen bayarwa mitochondria ba da ake bukata, a matsayin makamashi ceto daga karshen zuwa myofibrils.

Me fari zaruruwa hula da sauri

Saboda glycolysis auku lactate (lactic acid) suna hanzari tara. Saboda wannan, da fari zaruruwa samun gaji da sauri, shi daina ƙarshe aiki your tsokoki. A ja zaruruwa karkashin aerobic samuwar aka kafa lactic acid. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba za su iya kula da matsakaici ƙarfin lantarki na dogon lokaci.

Features fari zaruruwa

White zaruruwa da manyan diamita dangi zuwa ja. Bugu da kari, suna dauke da yafi glycogen da myofibrils, amma suna da m mitochondria. Muscle fiber cell na da irin wannan yana a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma creatine phosphate (CP). Yana ake bukata a farko mataki na high-tsanani aiki.

Mai fari zaruruwa saba yi iko, azumi, amma gajere kokari, tun suna da low halin iya jurewa. Quick fiber, idan aka kwatanta da jinkirin, za a iya rage zuwa sau 2 sauri, da kuma ci gaba ƙarfi 10 sau mafi girma. Iyakar gudu da kuma karfi na mutum tasowa saboda su. Idan aiki na bukatar 25-30% na matsakaicin ƙoƙari kuma a sama, wanda ke nufin cewa shi ya dauki wani ɓangare a shi ne fari zaruruwa. Suna raba bisa ga Hanyar samun makamashi a kan wadannan iri biyu.

Quick glycolytic tsoka zaruruwa

Nau'i na farko - fast glycolytic zaruruwa. Kan aiwatar da glycolysis aka amfani da su janye makamashi. A wasu kalmomin, su sami damar amfani ne kawai anaerobic samar da makamashi tsarin cewa na inganta da samuwar lactic acid (lactate). Haka kuma, fiber data ba sarrafa makamashi tare da oxygen, watau ta aerobic. Fast glycolytic zaruruwa ne halin da a kalla gudu da kuma ikon ragi. Su na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daukar ma'aikata na taro a 'yan wasa, Bodybuilders, da kuma samar da masu gudu da swimmers, mukaddashin a kan wani Gudu, matsakaicin gudun.

Rapid hadawan abu da iskar shaka-glycolytic zaruruwa

Nau'i na biyu - m hadawan abu da iskar shaka-glycolytic zaruruwa. Suna kuma kira ga gwamnatin rikon kwarya ko tsaka-tsaki. Wadannan zaruruwa ne wani nau'i ne na tsaka-tsaki da irin tsakanin jinkirin da sauri tsoka zaruruwa. Suna halin da wani iko tsarin na samar da makamashi (anaerobic), amma saba da aiwatarwa da kuma fairly m aerobic motsa jiki. A wasu kalmomin, wadannan zaruruwa zai iya ci gaba mai yawa kokarin da wani babban kudi na raguwa. Kamar wancan ne babban tushen samar da makamashi ne glycolysis. A lokaci guda, idan da tsanani da ƙanƙancewa zama low, su sami damar amfani da hadawan abu da iskar shaka yadda ya kamata. Wannan irin fiber da aka kunna a cikin aiki, idan kaya ne 20 zuwa 40% na matsakaicin. Duk da haka, a lokacin da shi ne a kusa da 40%, jikin mutum nan da nan gaba daya tuba zuwa ga amfani da azumi glycolytic zaruruwa.

A rabo daga azumi da kuma jinkirin zaruruwa a cikin jiki

Nazarin da aka gudanar a cikin shakka daga abin da aka kafa ta da cewa da rabo daga azumi da kuma jinkirin zaruruwa a cikin jikin mutum da aka kaddara genetically. Idan muka magana game da talakawan mutum, ya na da game da 40-50% hankali, da kuma game da 50-60% sauri. Duk da haka, kowanne daga cikinmu ne na musamman. A jikin wani mutum zai iya mamaye duka biyu da jãjãye zaruruwa.

A rabo daga gare su, a cikin daban-daban tsokoki na jikin ba daya suke ba. Wannan shi ne saboda tsokoki da su kungiyoyin a cikin jiki yi daban-daban ayyuka. Shi ne saboda wannan mai gangara tsoka zaruruwa ne quite daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki. Alal misali, a cikin biceps da triceps ne kamar 70% fari zaruruwa. Dan kadan karami a cikin femur (kamar 50%). Amma a cikin gastrocnemius tsoka na zaruruwa na 16%. Wannan shi ne, idan aikin manufofin a mafi tsauri na tsoka aiki, shi zai zama mafi sauri, ba jinkirin.

Communication yuwuwar a cikin wasanni da iri tsoka zaruruwa

Mun riga san cewa overall rabo na ja da fari zaruruwa a cikin jikin mutum aza genetically. Saboda wannan, daban-daban mutane da kuma samun daban-daban m a wasanni. Wani mafi ne wasanni cewa bukatar da jimiri, da kuma wani - iko. Idan mamaye jinkirin zaruruwa, wani mutum ne yafi dace wa gudun kan, marathons, iyo ga tsawon nisa, da sauransu. E., Wancan ne wasanni, wanda hannu yafi aerobic samar da makamashi tsarin. Idan jiki ta fiye da sauri-fizge tsoka zaruruwa, shi ne zai yiwu a cimma sakamako mai kyau a bodybuilding, Gudu, Gudu iyo, nauyi, powerlifting, da sauransu. Iri, inda babba darajar nasa ne m makamashi. Kuma da shi, kamar yadda ka sani, za a iya samar da kawai fari tsoka zaruruwa. Babban 'yan wasa ko da yaushe sprinters mamaye su. Su lambar a cikin tsokoki na kafafu kai su 85%. Idan akwai wani wajen daidaita rabbai na daban-daban na zaruruwa, mutumin daidai dace da tsakiyar nesa Gudun kuma yin iyo. Duk da haka, sama ba ya nufin cewa idan mamaye azumi zaruruwa, irin wannan mutum ba zai iya gudu a gudun fanfalaki. Ya iya gudu shi, amma ba daidai zama zakara a cikin wannan wasa. Conversely, idan jiki ne yafi ja zaruruwa, sakamakon a bodybuilding so irin wannan mutum shi ne ya fi muni fiye da na da talakawan, da rabo daga ja da fari zaruruwa wanda shi ne kamar daidai.