Jules Verne: ilimin lissafi, kerawa

Jules Verne, wanda tarihinsa ya shafi yara da manya, marubuci ne na Faransa wanda aka dauke shi littafi mai wallafa. Ayyukansa sun ba da gudummawa wajen samar da fannin kimiyya, kuma ya zama abin sha'awa ga nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya. Wani irin rayuwa ne Jules Verne ke rayuwa? Ana nuna alamarsa ta hanyar nasarori da matsalolin da yawa.

Asalin marubuta

Shekaru na rayuwar jaruminmu shine 1828-1905. An haife shi ne a bankin Loire, a birnin Nantes, kusa da bakinta. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana da hoton wannan birni, wanda yake nufin lokacin rayuwar marubuci mai ban sha'awa a gare mu.

Fabrairu 8 1828 da aka haife Zhyul Vern. Ba za a cika labarinsa ba idan ba mu magana game da iyayensa ba. An haifi Jules a cikin dan lauya Pierre Verne. Wannan mutumin yana da ofishin kansa kuma ya so dan ɗansa ya bi gurbinsa, abin da yake fahimta. Mahaifiyar marubuci mai zuwa, a cikin yarinya Allotte de la Fuy, na daga cikin tsohuwar iyalin Nantes da masu mallakar jirgin ruwa.

Yara

Tun daga lokacin da aka fara da alama an yi nazarin irin wannan marubuci kamar Jules Verne, ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ga yara masu shekaru 6 suna da 'yan kaɗan don yin ilmantarwa. Saboda haka, Jules Verne ya je wurin maƙwabcinsa don darussan. Shi ne gwauruwa na daya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwa. Lokacin da yaron ya kasance shekaru takwas, ya shiga makarantar St. Stanislav. Bayan wannan, Jules Verne ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Lyceum, inda ya sami ilimi na al'ada. Ya koyi harsuna Latin da Helenanci, ilimin geography, rhetoric, kuma ya koyi ya raira waƙa.

A kan yadda Jules Verne yayi nazarin fikihu (wani ɗan gajeren lokaci)

Sashe na huɗu na makaranta shine lokacin da muka fara fahimtar aikin wannan marubucin. Domin extracurricular karatu a lokacin da shawarar littafinsa "Captain a Goma sha biyar". Duk da haka, tarihin Jules Verne a makaranta, idan sun wuce, ba shi da iyaka. Saboda haka, mun yanke shawarar dalla dalla-dalla game da shi, musamman, game da yadda marubuta na gaba ya yi nazarin doka.

An karbi digiri na digiri a 1846 da Jules Verne. Tarihin shekarun sa yana nuna cewa dole ne ya yi tsayayya da ƙoƙari na mahaifinsa don ya sanya shi lauya. A karkashin matsin lamba, Jules Verne ya tilasta yin karatun fikihu a garinsu. A cikin Afrilu 1847, jaruminmu ya yanke shawarar zuwa Paris. A nan sai ya wuce jarrabawar da ake bukata don shekarar farko na horo, sannan ya koma Nantes.

Wasan farko, ci gaba da horo

Jules Verne ya janyo hankalin wasan kwaikwayon, wanda ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo 2 - "Fitilar Foda" da "Alexander VI". An gabatar da su a cikin sassan da aka sani. Verne ya san cewa gidan wasan kwaikwayon na farko shine Paris. Yana kulawa, ko da yake ba tare da wahala ba, don samun izini daga mahaifinsa don zuwa babban birnin kasar don ci gaba da karatunsa. Wannan taron na murna ga Verna ya faru a watan Nuwamba 1848.

Hard lokaci don Jules Verne

Duk da haka, manyan matsaloli sun kasance gaba da irin wannan marubuta kamar Jules Verne. Rahotanni na taƙaitaccen labarinsa yana alama ne da tsananin ci gaba da nunawa a yayin da suke tare da su. Mahaifin ya yarda dansa ya ci gaba da karatunsa kawai a cikin doka. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a a Paris da kuma samun takardar digiri, Jules Verne bai koma gidan lauya na mahaifinsa ba. Yawancin abin da ya fi dacewa a gare shi shi ne hasashen yin aiki a filin wasan kwaikwayo da wallafe-wallafe. Ya yanke shawarar zama a Paris kuma tare da babbar sha'awar aiki a hanyar da ya zaɓa. Dagewa bai karya ko da, rabin-starved zama, wanda ya yi yãƙi, saboda mahaifin ki taimake shi. Jules Verne ya fara kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo na waka, wasan kwaikwayo, kyauta na wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, duk da cewa baza'a sayar da su ba.

A wannan lokaci ya zauna tare da aboki a cikin ɗaki. Dukansu biyu sun kasance matalauta. Marubucin ya tilasta katsewa saboda shekaru da yawa ta hanyar haɗari. Gidansa a ofishin notary bai yi aiki ba, yayin da ta bar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don aikin wallafe-wallafe. Bai yarda da shi a matsayin magatakarda a bankin Jules Verne ba. Wani ɗan gajeren labarin da yake da shi a cikin wannan lokaci mai wuya ana nuna shi ta hanyar horo, yana ba da wasu mahimmanci. Jules Verne ya koyar da dalibai na doka.

Ziyarci ɗakin karatu

Gwargwadon jaruminmu ya kasance da ziyartar ziyartar Kasuwancin Kasa. A nan ya saurari maganganun kimiyya da laccoci. Ya haɗu da matafiya da malaman. Jules Verne ya san ilimin geography, navigation, astronomy, binciken kimiyya. Ya rubuta bayanai daga littattafan da ke sha'awarsa, da farko ba tunanin abin da zasu buƙace shi ba.

Yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na lyric, sabon ayyuka

Bayan dan lokaci, wato a shekara ta 1851, jaruminmu ya zauna a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Lyrical, wanda ya bude. A ciki ne ya fara aiki a matsayin sakatare Jules Verne. Ya kamata a ba da cikakken bayani game da tarihin halitta, da kerawa da kuma abubuwan da suka dace game da shi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Jules Verne ya fara rubuta a cikin mujallar da aka kira "Muse de deux". A wannan shekara, 1851, an buga labarun farko na Jules Verne a cikin mujallar. Wadannan su ne "Na farko jiragen ruwan na Mexican jirgin sama", daga baya ya sake suna "Drama a Mexico"; Har ila yau, "Hudu a cikin Balloon" (wani suna na wannan aikin shine "Drama a cikin Air").

Amincewa da A. Dumas da V. Hugo, Aure

Zhyul Vern, yayin da har yanzu a novice marubuci, ya gana da Aleksandrom Dyuma, wanda ya fara zuwa rika shi. Haka kuma tare da Victor Hugo. Yana yiwuwa Dumas ya nuna cewa abokinsa ya mai da hankali ga batun tafiya. Verne ya zama yazo tare da sha'awar bayyana dukan duniya - shuke-shuke, dabbobi, yanayi, al'adu da kuma mutane. Ya yanke shawara ya haɗu da fasaha da kimiyya, har ma ya ci gaba da rubutaccen litattafansa da litattafansa.

Verne a cikin Janairu 1857 ya auri gwauruwa mai suna Honorin de Vian (sunan mai suna Morel). A lokacin da ta yi aure, yarinya yana da shekaru 26.

Littafin farko

Bayan dan lokaci, Jules Vern ya yanke shawarar karya tare da wasan kwaikwayon. Littafinsa na farko wanda ake kira "Wakunni biyar a cikin Balloon" ya kammala a 1862, Dumas ya shawarci ya magance wannan aikin ga Etzel, marubucin Journal of Education and Entertainment, wanda aka tsara don matasa. Littafinsa game da binciken da aka gano a cikin labaran da aka yi a filin jirgin sama an yi nazari kuma an buga shi a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Etzel ya kammala kwangilar kwangila mai tsawo da Jules Verne na ci gaba da samun nasara shine ya halicci kundin 2 a shekara.

Litattafan da Jules Verne ya rubuta

Yayinda yake yin amfani da lokaci don ɓacewa, marubucin ya fara ƙirƙirar ayyuka masu yawa, kowanne ɗayan su ne ainihin mahimmanci. A shekara ta 1864, "Journey zuwa Cibiyar Duniya" ya bayyana, shekara guda daga baya - "Daga Duniya har zuwa wata" da kuma "The Journey of Captain Hatteras", kuma a 1870 - "Around the Moon". A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, Jules Verne ya ƙunshi manyan matsaloli hudu da suka kasance a wannan lokaci sun kasance masu rinjaye a duniya: cin nasarar kwakwalwa, sarrafa jiragen sama, jiragen sama fiye da fadin duniya da kuma ruwaye na duniyar.

"'Ya'yan Kyaftin Grant" - littafin Vern na biyar, wanda ya bayyana a 1868. Bayan da ya wallafa shi, marubucin ya yanke shawarar hada dukkan littattafan da aka rubuta da kuma daukar littattafai a cikin jerin surori, wanda ya kira "Ƙungiyoyi Masu Mahimmanci". A labari da Verne ta "Banĩ Captain Grant" marubucin yanke shawarar yin farko littafin na trilogy. Ya ƙunshi, baicin shi, waɗannan ayyuka masu zuwa: 1870 "Likitoci ashirin da dubu arba'in ƙarƙashin teku" kuma an kirkiro a 1875 "tsibiri mai ban mamaki". Pathos daga cikin jarumi sun hada wannan bita. Ba ma kawai masu tafiya ba ne, amma har ma mayakan da ke da rashin adalci, mulkin mallaka, wariyar launin fata, cinikin bayi. Harshen waɗannan ayyukan ya kawo shi duniya da daraja. Mutane da yawa sun zama masu sha'awar tarihin Jules Verne. A cikin harshen Rashanci, Jamusanci da sauran harsuna, wasu littattafai sun fara bayyana bayan dan lokaci.

Rayuwa a Amiens

Jules Verne ya bar Paris a 1872 kuma bai koma can ba. Ya koma garin Amiens, babban gari. Dukan tarihin Jules Verne daga wannan lokaci ya zo kalmar "aikin".

An rubuta a 1872, labarin wannan marubucin "A duniya a cikin kwanaki tamanin" ya haifar da nasara mai ban mamaki. A shekara ta 1878, ya wallafa littafin "Kyaftin din 'yan shekaru 15," wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da nuna bambancin launin fata. Wannan aikin ya sami karbuwa mai yawa a duk faɗin ƙasa. A cikin littafinsa na gaba, yana bayanin game da yakin basasa a Amurka a shekarun 1960, ya ci gaba da wannan batu. Ana kiran littafin ne "Arewa zuwa Kudu". An wallafa a 1887.

A cikakke, Jules Verne ya ƙirƙira litattafai 66, ciki har da wanda ba a ƙare ba, wanda aka buga a ƙarshen karni na 20. Bugu da kari, alƙalansa ya ƙunshi fiye da labarun 20 da litattafan, fiye da talatin 30, da kuma ayyukan kimiyya da rubutu masu yawa.

Shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwa

Jules Verne Maris 9, 1886, Gaston Verne, dan dansa, ya ji rauni. Ya harbe shi daga tarkon. An san cewa Gaston Vern yana da lafiya. Bayan wannan lamarin, marubucin ya manta da tafiya da kyau.

A shekara ta 1892, jaruminmu ya karbi kyautar da aka cancanta - Dokar Sabon Darakta. Jules ba da daɗewa ba kafin mutuwarsa ya makanta, amma ya ci gaba da haifar da aiki, yana dasu. Ranar 24 ga Maris, 1905, Jules Verne ya mutu daga ciwon sukari. Tarihin yara da manya da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin, muna fatan, ya sa ku sha'awa cikin aikinsa.