Jirgin saman SU-34: bayanin da halaye na fasaha. Sojan sama

Wannan boma-bamai ya fi kama da sakonnin. Yana da lakabi mai suna "Duckling", wanda ya samo asali daga siffar hanci. Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, kadan an rubuta shi game da shi, amma yanzu labaran labarai suna nuna kayan da ke cikin jiragen sama na Siriya da jirage Su-34 da Su-24M ke kai hare-hare a kan hanyoyin sadarwa, hedkwatar da kuma hare-haren ta'addanci na IGIL. Ana iya jaddada cewa wadannan bama-bamai sun fara shahara. Daya daga cikinsu zai zama labarin.

Tarihi da samfurin

Bukatun da ke tsakanin sakonnin da kuma gaban bama-bamai sun bambanta har ma da juna. Duk da haka, masu gina jirgi na Soviet sun riga sun sami kwarewa wajen juyawa jirgin sama a cikin jirgin sama. Shahararren "Pawn" - Pe-2 - kafin a yi yakin basasa a matsayin mai amfani da matuka mai zurfi. Dole ne a sake mayar da martani ga 'yan tsaro a cikin wani tashe-tashen hankula, kuma kodayake sakewa da tsarin ya zama matsala, ya fito da kyau sosai. Wani abu kamar ya faru ne da sakonin Su-27. A 1986, Cibiyar Tarihin Sukhoi ta fara aiki a kan tasirinsa, wanda ya karbi T-10V index, tare da manufar kyakkyawar fahimtar yanayin "stormtrooper" na duniya wanda zai iya ɗaukar nauyi mai tsanani don aiki a fagen fama kuma yana da isasshen ƙwaƙwalwar da za a iya janyewa Makircin haya. A lokacin tsara tsari, ya zama sananne ga masu zane-zane cewa gidan "mai haske" na al'ada bai dace da wannan dalili ba. A shekara ta 1990, an yi babban abu: sabon baka ya bayyana tare da sanannun "ƙwaƙwalwar duwatsu". A tsakiyar shekarun da suka gabata ne Su-34 ya sami sunansa na hukuma (ya gudanar da ziyartar T-10V-5 da Su-32FN). Amma ya shiga aikin soja kawai a shekarar 2014.

Bambance-bambance bane

Azahiri fama jirgin sama Su-34 shi ne kama ta "m" na Su-27, a kalla daga nesa. A cikin cikakken bayani har ma da layman wasu bayyananne rarrabe bayyana. Sashen hanci yana kumbura, matukan jirgin suna zaune tare da juna, kuma ba daya bayan daya, tashar jirgin ruwa yana da karfi fiye da karfe, kuma, ba shakka, hanci. Da farko kallo, a general, shi ke nan. A cikin sha'anin fasaha, wannan yana nufin cewa zane-zanen Su-27, wanda aka kwatanta da makirce-makircen kilo biyu na iska tare da dukkanin zane-zane, ya dogara akan zane. Ba a lura da idanu marar hanzuwa ba tukuna (idan aka kwatanta da samfurin) na shafuka masu tushe na fuka-fuki, da rashin kulawa da jigilar iska, da rashi keels na subfusel da karuwa a yawan adadin bayanan waje. Duk da yadda ya kasance daidai da sakonnin, mai suna Su-34 wani fashewa ne, sabili da haka dole ne ya ɗauka fiye da samfurinsa.

Cabin

Yanzu a zane zane zaka iya fahimta. Da farko, zamu tattauna game da bayyane game da bayyanar. Matuka jirgin Su-34 biyu, ta ƙofar ne da za'ayi da wani kadan gangara abuts da babba baki na ƙyanƙyashe located bayan baka bude yatsun tara. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa da saurin tafiyar da matakan jirgi da kuma masu zama masu zama. Ana ba da ma'aikata a yayin jirgin ne tare da duk yanayin da ake bukata don zama mai dadi, ciki har da kayan abinci masu naman abinci, da kayan zafi da kayan tsabta. Idan daya daga cikin direbobi ya ga cewa ya yi tsayi da yawa, zai iya tashi da kuma dumi - isasshen wuri ya isa.

Amma Su-34 ba kawai dacewa da ergonomic ba. Tasho Design Office ya kula da kariya daga ma'aikatan: yana cikin wani tsararren kayan ado na musamman, wanda aka riga an gwada tasiri a cikin aikin. Ana amfani da irin wannan fasahar a cikin zane na jirgin sama na Su-25. Ganin wutar lantarki yana iya ɗauka.

Masanan injiniyoyi

Abubuwa biyu na nau'in TRDD AL-31F tare da nau'i na biyu na kashi 0.571 na ci gaba da nauyin 12.5 ton kowane, amma a cikin bayanan baya zasu iya ƙara 300 kg.

Gaba ɗaya, wutar lantarki daidai yake da Su-27. Watakila, wannan ba alamar ba ne, musamman la'akari da yadda jiragen Su-34 ke aunawa. VCS RF, duk da haka, ka yi la'akari da cewa ƙarfin yana da isa ya ƙalubalanci sama tare da Amurka F-15, an halicce su don magance nauyin ɗawainiya guda. Akwai kuma zaɓuɓɓuka, alal misali, injunan AL-35F, ƙaddamarwa bayan ƙirar har zuwa 14 ton.

Onboard Electronics

Aikin jirage Su-34 yana da cikakkiyar tsari na sabuwar avionics, wanda ke la'akari da bukatun da aka ƙãra ƙwaƙwalwa (saboda ƙwaƙwalwa) kuma ya ba da damar isa ga manufa ta atomatik, ta hanyar amfani da jagorancin tauraron dan adam. Yanayin ganowa (koda ga kananan abubuwa) ya isa 250 km. Wannan yana damu da binciken da ake amfani da su a ƙarƙashin jirgin ruwa (ko da sun yi tasiri ne kawai), bincike, gano wurare na yanki na ruwa, da dai sauransu. Dangane da ayyuka na kai tsaye wanda aka kera a kan fagen fama, an nuna ta akan alamar iska da kuma wutan lantarki ta wuta ta "kallo" , Wanda ya ba ka damar rage lokacin ƙayyade. Irin wannan ɗakin kewayon bazai yiwu ba ba tare da yin amfani da tushen matakan ƙaddarar kwamfuta ba.

Fuel tsarin

Don haɓaka kewayon jirgin sama yana bukatar karin man fetur. Kayan ruwa hudu (uku a cikin fuselage da daya a cikin reshe), da kuma tsarin samar da ruwa a cikin iska ya haifar da yanayi na kwarewa a makasudin nesa, wanda ya kawo iyalan Su-34 kusa da kayayyaki masu zane. Dandalin suna biyu, an tsara su don yin aiki tare da masu tanadar iska na nau'in IL-76 da sauran refuelrs, wanda ke aiki tare da Sojan Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka a cikin kewayon jirgi yana taimakawa ta yiwuwar dakatar da tankuna na waje da aka saki bayan da aka cire.

Hanyar ceto na ma'aikatan

Jirgin jirgi suna ɗaukar su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan wuri wanda ke wucewa a gaban ɗakin, kuma a bisan sa bar jirgin idan an kammala jirgin ba tare da gaggawa ba. Ba a yi balouts a cikin hanyar gargajiya, sama, da sauri da tsawo ba kome ba. Tare da taimakon karnunan K-36DM na catapult, gaggawa ta fita daga jirgin sama mai lafiya ne, kowane ɓangaren ƙungiya yana da kayan gaggawa na gaggawa wanda aka samo shi tare da tashar rediyon, raftan rai, kayan aiki na farko, samfurori da sauran hanyoyin rayuwa bayan saukarwa. A cikin jirgin, ana samar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle, helkwali masu tsaro da kuma samar da iskar oxygen.

Chassis

Ƙara yawan nauyin nauyin da aka ƙaddara ya ƙayyade bukatun musamman don sabon kaya - ya zama mafi ƙarfi, nau'in sufurin. Rashin yiwuwar lalacewa, a yayin wani rikici na soja, cikakkun jiragen saman manyan jiragen sama ya zama mahimmanci don ƙara yawan karfin ƙasashen waje don amfani da Su-34 daga yankunan da ba a shirye ba.

Sabuwar mahimmancin matakan ya zama mafi faɗi idan aka kwatanta da Su-27, wanda ya buƙaci ƙarin sarari a fuselage. Abin da ya sa aka sanya simintin gyare-gyare a cikin iska.

Armament

Don sauke nau'o'in makamai masu linzami, akwai matakai guda uku da aka dakatar da su da kuma tsarin shafuka guda takwas. Bugu da ƙari da su, mai jefa bom yana da fasalin 30mm na GSh-301. Tun da yake ba zai yiwu ba la'akari da dukkanin bambancin da suka shafi cigaba da halin da ake ciki, ana samar da ma'ana don gudanar da harkar iska. Don halakar jirgin sama na abokan gaba, har zuwa fassarori na iska mai iska goma sha biyu na P-27, ko matsakaici na 8 (R-77) ko ƙananan (R-73) na iya zama a kan dakatarwa. Amma ba don gwagwarmayar iska ba, a cikin ma'anar, an halicci jirgin sama na Su-34. Makamai na yau da kullum tare da daidaitattun daidaito suna rinjayar makasudin ƙasa. Suna da kullun Kh-59M (har zuwa 3 kwakwalwa.), Rigge-rikice masu mahimmanci da masu zanga-zanga, gyare-gyare da kuma bama-bamai marasa ruwa (ma'adinan ƙasa daga 100 zuwa 500 kg), da kuma NURSs a cikin cassettes.

Halaye

Hakanan sunaye daidai ne kamar su Su-27 (14.7 m - reshe, 22 m - tsawon kuma kimanin 6 m - tsawo). Yanayin da aka yi amfani da su a kai shi ne ton 39, wanda ya fi abin da mai karfin motsa jiki mai nauyi, amma kasa da mafi yawan ƙaddanci. Duk da haka, zai iya wuce sauti 44 tare da iyakar matsayi. Jirgin ya gudu zuwa 900 km / h a tsawon mita 11 da 1,400 km / h a farfajiya. Rundunar yaƙin ya tashi daga 600 zuwa 1130 km, dangane da yawan man fetur da makamai, da kewayon nisa ya kai har 4,500 km. Rufi (m) - dubu 17. Matsakaicin iyakar matsakaicin aikin aiki ya dace da buƙatun don masu caji masu kwantar da hankali - 7 g.

Gwajin gwagwarmaya

Sai dai nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da kai tsaye a cikin rikice-rikice na soja na musamman zai iya ba da cikakkiyar hoto game da cancanta da kuma ɓacewar cewa jirgin saman jirgin sama yana tare da Su-34. Hanyoyin fasaha suna magana ne kan kansu, amma, tun da ba a kawo wannan bama-bamai ba don fitarwa, ana iya hukunci ne kawai bisa la'akari da matakan jirgin ruwa na Rasha da sakamakon aikinsa a cikin hakikanin yanayi. A lokacin aikin Ossetian ta Kudu, ba a yi amfani da Su-34 ba don kai hare-haren kai tsaye, amma ya taimaka wajen kawar da ayyukan tsaron iska na Georgian, wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar radiyo wanda ya ba su sha'awa. Don wannan, a karo na farko a cikin aiki, ƙananan ma'anar na yakin lantarki "Khibiny" da aka sanya akan majalisun dakatarwar waje an yi amfani dasu.

Daga farkon aikin soja a kan yankin ƙasar Siriya ta Jamhuriyar Siriya, kungiyar rukuni ta Rasha tana da 'yan boma-bamai guda shida da sukawansu ya kai 34, wadanda ake amfani dasu a wannan lokacin don manufar su, wato don kaddamar da makamai masu linzami. A cikin Rakka da Madan-Jadida, sun hallaka wuraren da suka shafi kwamitocin, wuraren sadarwar da ake kira arsenals, sansanonin horo da wasu kayan aikin gina jiki na 'yan ta'addanci. Yin amfani da wadannan jiragen sama ya ci gaba, kuma, a fili, zai kara karfin. Wannan zato yana dogara ne akan haɓakar mai kyau wanda Su-34 ya nuna. A halin yanzu, lamarin su a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Gabas ta Tsakiya ya karu zuwa dozin.

Gaskiya da kuma tsare-tsare

Har zuwa yau, adadin jiragen Su-34 a cikin sabis tare da VCS shine akalla 83 raka'a. Daga cikin waɗannan, samfurori na samfurin - 75, da kuma sauran 8 an tsara su don lalata da gwaji. Musamman, 'yan fashewa hudu suna cikin cibiyar gwajin jirgin. Chkalov a yankin Astrakhan (Akhtubinsk). A cikin sassan soja na yanzu (tsarin iska) a ko'ina cikin qasar - daga Murmansk zuwa Rostov da Khabarovsk zuwa Voronezh - wadannan jiragen sama suna cikin rassan haɗin. A cewar kwangilar da aka kammala tare da Ma'aikatar Tsaro a 2008, an ba da nauyin raka'a 32 don yawan kuɗin da yawansu ya kai fiye da biliyan 33, wanda ya kai ga ƙarshe game da kudin Su-34 (dan kadan fiye da biliyan daya). A shekarar 2008, wasu bama-bamai 92 suka karu. Shirin samar da shi shine Novosibirsk Aviation Plant (NAPO). A halin yanzu, an tsara motsi na inji, wanda ya rage farashin farashin.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, har yanzu ana gina ginin, amma jiragen jiragen sama na Su-24 bazai iya maye gurbin Su-34 ba. Ayyukan fasaha na sababbin samfurin yayi daidai da ka'idodin "rabi na hudu tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu", wanda zai ba shi aiki mai tsawo a Rundunar Sojan Rasha.