Polyvinylchloride - menene? Polyvinyl chloride samar da fasaha da kuma aikace-aikace

Idan ka yanke shawara don amfani da PVC a gina ko gyara, yana da muhimmanci a san kafin fara aiki. Wannan abu yana nufin laushi na thermoplastic.

Halaye na PVC

A cikin yanayin shuke-shuke, an samar da nau'i biyu na PVC, wanda aka fi sani da farko, yayin da na biyu an lalata. A cikin wannan batu, ba a yi amfani da lasisi ba. A halin yanzu, PVC yana da bayyanar farin foda wadda ba ta da wari. Ya na da ƙarfin ƙarfin jiki da dukiya. Idan ka yanke shawara don sayen PVC, me kake nufi, kana bukatar ka sani. Yana da tsayayya ga alkali, mai ma'adinai, acid, kuma baya kwashe a ruwa. Dissolving da kumburi yana cike da ketones, esters, da aromatic da chlorinated hydrocarbons. Rubutun na iya jurewa rashin ƙarfi da kusan ba zai ƙone ba. Polyvinyl chloride ba shi da halayen zafi mai tsanani, lokacin da aka nuna shi da zafin jiki na digiri 100 ya fara ɓata. Domin samun juriya mai zafi kuma inganta solubility, ana nuna PVC ga chlorination.

Yanayin amfani

A yau ana amfani da polyvinylchloride. Mene ne kowane kwararrun gida da masu sana'a ya kamata su sani. Ana amfani da wannan abu a magani, ya maye gurbin gilashi da roba. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a sami abubuwa masu yuwuwa. Na gode da kwanciyar hankali da ƙwarewar sinadaran, PVC ta sami babban shahara a yankin da aka ambata. Samfurori daga gare ta suna da sauƙi da sauƙin samarwa, amma suna da yawa mai rahusa fiye da yadda aka yi amfani dasu.

Ana amfani da PVC a masana'antun sufuri. An yi amfani da ita wajen yin ƙyamaren ƙofa, ɗakunan hannu, da kuma yin halitta na rufi. Abin godiya ga wannan shine motar ta fara samun tsawon rai, wanda ya karu da shekaru shida idan aka kwatanta da alamun da suka gabata. Wannan tsarin ya ƙaru da tsaro na sufuri, saboda tare da taimakon PVC yana yiwuwa ya halicci airbags, da bangarorin tsaro, waɗanda suke iya kare fasinjoji daga samun raunin da ya faru idan akwai hatsari.

Gyara da kuma gina

Idan akai la'akari da polyvinylchloride, menene wannan zai yiwu a koya daga wannan labarin. Ana amfani da wannan abu a yau don dalilai na zane. Wannan dama shi ne saboda gaskiyar fasahar zamani ta baka damar ƙirƙirar samfurori na PVC ta kowane nau'i. Saboda haka, mun gudanar da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ciki. Mafi sau da yawa wannan polymer za'a iya samuwa a cikin ginin. Daga gare ta, kayan da ke fama da matsananciyar wuya, m, kayan samfurin da aka samo wanda ya dace daidai da lalata da kuma haɗarin haɗari. Irin wannan shahararrun shahararren aikin gine-ginen kuma saboda kare lafiyar wuta, kayan abu yana da wuya a ƙonewa, kuma lokacin da yanayin zafin jiki ya daina ƙonewa da kuma smolder. Abin da ya sa za'a iya amfani da samfurori irin wannan a shafukan yanar gizo waɗanda aka buƙatar bukatun don ƙara yawan wutar lantarki. PVC abu halin karko, a kan kashi 75 na shambura wanda aka sanya daga gare ta nuna muhimmanci aiki na fiye da shekaru 40.

Fasahar fasaha

Ana samar da polyvinyl chloride ta hanyar gyaran fuska na kayan albarkatun kasa, wanda shine tasirin vinyl chloride. Mafi yawan masana'antu a cikin masana'antun shine hanyar dakatarwa, wannan ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa yana samar da yawan samuwa. Irin wannan polymerization ne da za'ayi bisa ga tsarin lokaci. Vinyl chloride, wanda yake dauke da adadin 0.02-0.05% a cikin matsakaici mai mahimmanci, ana amfani dashi a matsayin babban bangaren. An shirya kayan kayan abinci mai tsabta zuwa digiri 65, sa'an nan kuma an hõra irin wannan sakamako don samun samfurin samfurin. Polymerization faruwa a saukad da na vinyl chloride. A ƙarshe, yana yiwuwa a sami microgranules. An samar da kayan aikin ta atomatik, yayin da aka kirkiro polymerization a cikin reactors wanda girman ya wuce 200 mita mai siffar sukari. Bayan kammala polymerization, mataki na vinyl chloride, wanda ta wannan lokacin reacted, kai kashi 90. An cire abubuwan da ba'a da hannu ba, yayin da PVC kanta an sieved kuma an bushe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska mai zafi. Bayan haka, marufi ya faru. Polyvinyl chloride, wanda aka kwatanta daddarorin da aka bayyana a sama, a karshe mataki ya koma cikin filastik vinyl ko filastik.

Kasuwancin karshe na PVC

Matsalar PVC za a iya canzawa cikin fom din vinyl. Yana da wuya samfurin. Yawancin ƙarfin haɓakaccen haɓaka, mai tsayayya ga maganin haɗari da ruwa. Daga cikin rashin yiwuwar za a iya gano ƙarfin tasiri, rashin matakan sanyi da kuma ƙananan ƙofofi. Amma ga masu filastik, suna da kayan laushi waɗanda suke da ƙwayar ƙarancin. Har ila yau, suna da tsayayyar juriya da juriya mai. Suna da kyau a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kwayoyin halitta daban-daban.

Kammalawa

PVC, bututu daga wanda ake samar a yau, tsaye a matsayin daya daga cikin na kowa kayan ciki har da robobi. Amfanin duniya yana da kimanin kashi 17 cikin dari na yawan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya, kuma yana da matsayi na uku a tsakanin manoma. Abubuwan da aka samu daga PVC, sun sami aikace-aikacen da suke amfani da su a sassa da dama na tattalin arziki, masana'antu, aikin injiniya, aikin magani da aikin noma. Yau kusan kowane gidan yana da tagogi na filastik, da kuma samfurori bisa ga kayan da aka bayyana. Yana da fadi da yawa wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan halaye na kayan abu wanda aka bayyana a sama, wanda yake da ƙarfin gaske, jure wa lalacewar waje da kuma tasiri.