HIMARS - High Mobility Artillery Rocket System: halaye

MUHAMMATI - tsarin tsarin lakabin roka tare da karuwar motsi. An tsara shi don kai hari ga yankunan karfin bindigogi, tsarin tsaro na iska, motoci, raƙuman fasaha, ma'aikatan ma'aikata da wasu abubuwa. Hanya na biyu na tsarin HIMARS shine don tallafawa dakarunsa da wuraren tallafi. Bari mu gano abin da wannan tsarin zai iya yin alfarma, alama ce ta Amurkan na zamani!

Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar

Babban dalili dakarun Amurka sunyi tunani game da samar da irin wannan hadaddun shine buƙatar yin amfani da jiragen ruwa, masu tayar da hankali da kuma saurin haɗari da masu amfani da wayar tafi da gidanka wanda za'a iya aikawa cikin iska kusan a ko ina.

A cikin tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Loral Vought Systems sun fara nazarin yiwuwar samar da wata ganga shida na TPK (shinge na sufuri) don samar da bindigogi 227 da kuma shimfiɗa shi zuwa ga katako da katako. Shirin da aka tsara don samar da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci wanda aka yi amfani da ita ga jiragen iska na tsarin tare da taimakon jirgin sama na C-130. Aiki ne kawai Dalilin, wanda aka gudanar a ƙarshen 1989 a Panama, ya nuna cikakken bayani game da buƙatar bunkasa HARKARWA.

Ƙaddamarwa

A lokacin rani na shekarar 1990, sojojin Amurka sun fara neman buƙatun tsarin ƙaddamar da ƙananan kayan aiki a kan kayan aikin motoci. An nuna alamar samfurin a watan Satumba 1994. Kuma bayan shekara daya da rabi, umarnin Amurka ya jagoranci makamai ya kammala kwangila tare da kamfanonin Fire Control da Lockheed Martin Missiles don shirya motocin MLRS HIMARS. Kudin kwangilar shi ne dala biliyan 22.3.

Bisa ga ka'idodin kwangilar, masu sana'a na kamfanoni sun hada motoci guda hudu masu fama da yaki. An ba da uku daga cikinsu zuwa ga abokin ciniki don gwaje-gwaje na shekaru biyu, kuma na hudu ya kasance don gwajin gwajin. A lokacin rani na shekarar 1998, masana daga rundunar sojan Amurka suka yi nasarar gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na harkar ATACMS a kan samfurin MLRS HIMARS.

Gwajin gwaji

An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje mai tsanani na Kamfanin Harkokin Kayan Firayi na Kasuwanci Mai Girma (cikakken sunan tsarin) a shekara ta 2003. Sun haɗa da harbi tare da irin wannan matsala: wani makami mai linzamin wuta M26, missiles MGM-140B da MGM-164A na ƙungiyar ATACMS, da kuma matakan da aka tsara na tsarin MLRS. Har wa yau, babu wani abin dogara game da sanin ko ɗayan katako zai iya dace da TPK na daban-daban. A cikin Janairu 2004, mai sana'anta ya kammala cikakkun gwaje-gwaje na na'ura mai samfurin. A sakamakon haka, an tabbatar da cewa HIMARS tsarin tsarin roka ne da yawa, wanda yake da kyakkyawar mahimmanci-gwagwarmaya da halayen aiki. A daya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje, sojojin sun sake yin wasan kwaikwayo na aikin soja kamar yadda ya yiwu. Sun kawo samfurin a wurin gwaji tare da jirgin sama na C-130. Kasa da minti biyar da aka sauke mota. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da kasancewa a filin jirgin sama kuma ta sami matakan yaki a kan tashar tashoshin. A sakamakon haka, aka kaddamar da wani shinge na makamai masu linzami shida. Kungiyar ta MLRS, da Sojoji da kuma Marine Corps sun halarci haɗin gwiwa / gwaje-gwaje.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, tsarin makamai masu linzami na MAKARS ya fara shiga sabis. Kashi na farko, wanda ya kasance a cikin rukuni na kamfanin HIMARS, shi ne zane na 27 na filin wasa na filin jirgin sama 18 a Amurka.

Rocket P44

A cikin 2000s, Lockheed Martin ya samo asali na missile P44, wanda aka tsara domin ya dace da cibiyoyin motsa jiki mai tsawo, a matsayin ɓangare na tsarin MLRS da na KARMARS. Don kaddamar da shi, an gina akwati na musamman, dauke da 10 rutuna. Samfurin zai iya aiki tare da GPS, a cikin yanayin jagorancin maras kyau, don ƙaddarawa mai ɗorewa, kuma tare da maɗaukaka kai don matsalolin motsi. A cikin akwati na biyu, an shirya makamai mai linzami tare da tsarin missile JCM guda daya.

Wannan samfurin yana da jagora mai aiki a cikin hanyoyi guda uku:

1. Radar mai radar. Ayyukan aiki a millimeter band band. Ana iya amfani da shi a duk yanayin yanayi. Yana rinjayar makircin motsi.
2. Frared jigilar. Ƙayyade da kuma ƙayyade burin.
3. Laser mai aiki. Hakan ya jawo hanyoyi tare da ƙarin manufa.

Yayin da aka zaba mai saurin ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa mai nauyin mita 177, wanda ke da alamar ƙananan farashi da yiwuwar sake tsaftacewa. A cikin zane na samfurin, an yi amfani da wani ɓangare na girman ɓangaren wuta daga rukuni na wuta ta II ko kuma jimillar kai, wanda ke tattare da kasancewa da na'urar samarwa. A nan gaba, an ɗauka cewa zai yiwu a ƙara tsawon da taro na roka.

A cikin watan Maris na 2007, bayanan sun bayyana cewa missile ya samu nasara ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na rairayin iska, ƙwanan wuta na injin roka, da kuma gwajin jiragen ruwa a filin White Sands a New Mexico. Bayan wata daya daga baya sai ya zama sanannun cewa mataki na biyu na gwaje-gwajen bai kasance da nasara ba. A lokacin gwajin gwaje-gwaje na alamu na missile na P44, an yi amfani da motar KAMMARS, wanda ake nufi da waɗannan makamai masu linzami.

Canjin na'ura

A karshen shekara ta 2006, Lockheed Martin ya shiga yarjejeniyar dalar Amurka miliyan 1.8 tare da Sojojin Amurka don inganta motocin yaki. Saukakawa yafi damuwa da inganta yanayin tsaro ga direba. A cewar kwangilar, aikin haɓakawa ya kamata ya ƙare ba bayan watan Satumba 30, 2010 ba. Gidajen sun karbi ƙarin ajiya, kare kariya da harsasai, ƙusoshin daji da kuma ma'adinai.

A cikin watan Maris na 2008, Lockheed Martin ya ruwaito kan kaddamar da fassiyoyi hudu masu shiryarwa, wanda yayi amfani da sabon tsarin kula da wuta. Kafin shiga cikin kwangila don samar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, kamfanoni a Texas da Arkansas sun gina samfuri shida na gwajin gwagwarmayar Amurka.

A tsakiyar shekara ta 2008, lokacin da aka harbi wuta daga gunkin wuta Rundunar HIMARS GMLRS an saita tarin fasalin jirgin - 85 km. A watan Nuwamba na shekara mai zuwa, Lockheed Martin ya bayar da rahoton cewa wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 92 km a cikin gwaje-gwaje na baya. Bayani game da amfani da makamai masu linzami ba a yadu ba. Shi ne kuma ba a bayyana ko aiki yanke shawarar Salvo ƙaddamar makamai masu linzami, a cikin abin da kowane daga cikinsu gane da manufa, ko yin amfani da irin wannan linzami nufin al'ada, ba volley da harbe-harben.

A cikin watan Maris na 2009, a daidai lokacin gwajin a White Sands, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje, lokacin da motar yaki ta HIMARS ta kaddamar da wasu makamai masu linzami da ake kira SLARAAM. A lokacin gabatarwa, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen aiki a kan inganta makamai masu linzami da kuma taruwa na hanyar raƙumi don missiles a cikin akwati. An dawo da wannan daga wani gangamin kota na ATACMS. Lokacin da aka kaddamar da bindigogin da ake amfani da su a jirgin saman, an yi amfani da tsarin kula da wutar wuta ta MAKAR, wanda aka gyara software din da ɗan. Lokacin da aka kammala wuta ta tsarin, kuma za a ƙirƙira kayan kwanto na SLAMRAAM, zasu shiga cikin sabis. Dokar Sojoji na Amurka ta tsara cewa a nan gaba, tsarin da ke dauke da makamai masu linzami na jirgin sama za a sanya su a cikin tsarin tsaro na cibiyar tsaro na cibiyar sadarwa.

Battle baftisma na HIMARS

Tsarin magunguna na zamani, wanda muke nazari a yau, yana gudanar da baptismar gwagwarmaya a cikin tsarin Yanayin Iraqi. Taron yakin karshe ya faru a Fabrairu 14, 2010. A lokacin da NATO ta yi amfani da ta'addanci a garin Marge na Afghanistan, wasu makamai biyu daga cikin makamai masu linzami suka kai hari, sannan suka shiga cikin farar hula, suka kashe fararen hula 12.

Abubuwan da suka dace

A cikin Janairu 2011, Lockheed Martin ya karbi kwangila don samar da tsarin 44 HARMAR, yawan kudin da aka samu a karkashin dolar Amirka miliyan 140. Bayan kammala wannan tsari, a shekarar 2013, yawan motocin yaki da ke aiki tare da Sojoji na Amurka sun kai 375. A shekarar 2015, lambar su ta kai zuwa 480 kofe. Ma'aikatan da aka tanadar da tsarin salvo ba ba kawai ga rundunar sojan Amurka ba, har ma da abokansa - UAE, Singapore da Jordan.

Hanyoyin fasaha na tsarin HIMARS

Tsarin roka da yawa yana hada da:

1. Mota mota na M142.
2. Mota-caji.
3. Rikici na rukunin rocket (shiryayye da bazawa).
4. Hanyar wuta.

Machine

Batun abin hawa shi ne fasalin zamani na Stewart & Stevenson truck 5-ton tare da tsari na 6x6. Dandel, 6.6 lita, 6-cylinder gas turbine engine Caterpillar tasowa 290 horsepower. Tankin mai tanada yana da tasiri na 56. Rundunar wutar lantarki tana da kilomita 480. Injin yana aiki tare da atomatik (ba ku tsammanin cewa ita ce ta atomatik ba) akan sau bakwai. Dakatarwa yana samuwa ne tare da marmari. Shawarar ƙasa ita ce 564 mm. Jirgin zai iya shawo kan matsalolin ruwa zuwa zurfin mita 900. Ƙwararrun sun hada da mutane uku: masanin, bindigar, kwamandan. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, mutum ɗaya zai iya jimre wa aikin.

Masana fasaha

Kuskuren rukuni ba shi da saiti na jagora. A matsayin jagora, ana amfani da TPCs mai kwakwalwa guda ɗaya daga na'ura na tsarin MLRS. HIMARS shirin mai gabatarwa iya wuta da wani na shiryar da unguided linzami MLRS tsarin, kazalika da model na wani makami mai linzami MGM-MGM-140 da kuma 164 ATACMS hadaddun. Lokacin da aka kaddamar da makamai mai linzami na karshe, ana iya sauke sufuri da kuma kaddamar da kullun tare da caji. Yin caji da hatimi TPK yana faruwa a ma'aikata. TPK TTK tana kimanin tamanin biyu kuma yana kunshe da 6 bututun da aka yi da fiberglass, wanda aka haɗa da shirin aluminum. Don ba da matsala tare da harbi na juyawa, tare da mita na 10-12 rpm, akwai kwakwalwa a cikin jagoran. An kaddamar da makamai mai linzami na kai tsaye daga ganga mai yuwuwa. A cikin wannan makamai mai linzami, ana iya adana missile na akalla shekaru 10, yayin da yake ci gaba da yin sauƙi.

Recharge da wutar wuta

A inji for cajin musayar (TZM) an tsara a matsayin zamiya wasan bidiyo sanye take lantarki winch. Za'a iya sarrafawa ta hanyar motar mai aiki ko daga iko mai nisa. Hanya na biyu ya dace sosai, saboda ya bayyana. Don cajin TPK a cikin akwati na MZ, an sanya wannan a cikin matsayi na kwance, kuma mai ƙwanƙwasawa ya kara. Tare da taimakon gobarar, an dauke akwati kuma a shigar da shi. An shafe shi a tsakiyar nauyi na akwati.

Tsarin wuta, da kayan lantarki da haɗin sadarwa, ana yin su kamar yadda tsohuwar MLRS ta yi. Duk da haka, kwanan wata, an tsara fasalin haɓaka na na'ura, ɓangaren kula da abin da ya inganta ƙira. Ta kalmar kalmomi a cikin wannan mahallin yana nufin fasalin aiki da abubuwa.

Mota-kayan aiki

Game da na'ura mai hawa, yana da jirgi tare da igiya da kuma waƙa. Kamar matakan yaki, yana da siffar dabara ta 6x6. Jirgin yana tsaye a bayan motar. Tare da taimakonsa, mai aiki ya sake sauke kayan kwalliya. Ana buƙatar wajan motsi don ɗaukar ƙarin TPK.

Ana iya hawa motar mota a cikin jirgin saman C-130 Hercules. Bayan cirewa daga gare ta, yana da cikakken shirye a cikin minti 10 ba. Kayan fasahar fasaha maras amfani da na'urorin fasaha maras kyau ne, don haka bayan kammala aikin gwagwarmayar, ya yi sauri ya bar filin jirgin saman. A wannan lokacin, zaɓin zaɓi na shigar da sashen fasaha na tsarin HIMARS don gyaran ƙwayar mota da aka ɗauka da nauyin daukar nauyin ton 7 yana ci gaba.

Wasu 'yan wasu abubuwa masu nishaɗi:

1. Yanayi na na'ura: tsawon - 6949, nisa - 2400, tsawo - 3180 mm.
2. Nauyin abin hawa ba tare da bawo: 13696 kg. Tare da bawo - kimanin 16 000 kg. Gilashin ya ƙera 8273, kuma ɗayan da akwati - 2915 kg.
3. Matsakaicin iyakar motar mota da aka caji shine 89 km / h. Ba tare da ammonium ba, gudun ya fi ta 5 km / h.
4. Matsakaicin iyakar da motar ke iya rinjayar shi ne digiri 60.
5. Hanya da aka yi a kan shelling yana da digiri 280.

Analogues na Rasha

Gidan fasahar mai sa ido na wayar hannu yana cikin Rasha. Ana wakilta shi ne daga gidan MLRS "Tornado". Akwai nau'i biyu - "Grad" da "Tornado". Caliber na Grad tsarin shine 122 mm. Ya ƙunshi abin hawa na zamani, tsarin sarrafawa ta atomatik da kuma kayan aikin da ba a yarda dasu ba. Bari mu sanya shi wannan hanya, ƙaramin juyi na Tornado.

MLRS "Smerch" ya fi kama da tsarin Amurka na HIMARS. Gilashin ɗakunan ya zama 300 mm kuma matsakaicin iyakar jirgin yana 130 km. "Smerch" ya kaddamar da shiri da gyaran makami. A nan gaba, yana yiwuwa don ƙara tarin jirgin sama a cikin tsarin Tornado. MLRS "Smerch" kuma ya ƙunshi na'ura mai gyara da tsarin jagora ta atomatik.