Ruwa lu'ulu'u

Liquid Lu'ulu'u - wadannan abubuwa za su kasance a mesomorphic (talakawan, matsakaiciyar) tsakanin wani isotropic ruwa da kuma m crystalline. Wadannan abubuwa ne iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, na iya zama a cikin nau'i na droplets. Tare da bayyana wadannan kaddarorin, da ruwa lu'ulu'u nuna anisotropic Magnetic, lantarki, da na gani, da kuma sauran kaddarorin dangantawa da kwayoyin ordering a fuskantarwa. A wasu kalmomin, abubuwa da multidirectional halaye. A cikin rashi na waje tasiri anisotropic ruwa lu'ulu'u a thermal watsin, lantarki watsin, Magnetic laulayi, kuma dielectric akai. The abubuwa alama dichroism da birefringence.

Dangane kan samu rarraba lyotropic da thermotropic ruwa lu'ulu'u. Akwai kuma rabuwar iri a cikin rubutu da tsarin da kwayoyin.

Smectic Liquid Lu'ulu'u

Fara gano su a cikin sabulu (Saboda haka sunan - "smegma" - sabulu). A iyakar da kwayoyin kamar yadda gyarawa a tsaye da gatura perpendicular jirage. Smectic ruwa lu'ulu'u ne halin da hanyõyi tsarin. Wadannan abubuwa sun hada da mai ruwa-ruwa mafita daga soaps, ethyl ester azoksibenzoynoy.

"Smectics 'dauke mafi m aji na ruwa lu'ulu'u. Zabi iri da kuma nuna ferroelectric (gaban da maras wata-wata rabuwa a wani zazzabi range). High danko ba a yarda ya sami tartsatsi amfani da smectic ruwa lu'ulu'u a cikin art.

kinematics

Nematic ruwa lu'ulu'u ne daban-daban fuskantarwa na tsaye kwayoyin da gatura da wasu shugabanci. A wasu kalmomin, su ne halin da dogon zangon orientational domin. Sunan crystal zo daga Girkanci definition of "m" - thread. Disinclinations (filaments) suna da wani babban motsi a cikin halitta haske, su ne a fili bayyane.

Cholesteric ruwa lu'ulu'u, kuma su yi amfani da

A kwayoyin nau'i na abubuwa na irin wannan da aka shirya a layi daya elongate farantin. Cholesterics ba propyl ether cholesterol holesteriltsinnamat, sauran cholesterol Kalam.

Thermoindicators cholesteric ruwa lu'ulu'u suna yadu amfani da kiwon lafiya da kuma fasaha dianostike. The ji na ƙwarai daga wadannan kayan zuwa da zazzabi damar gani da yawan zafin jiki rarraba a kan surface. Wannan, bi da bi, da ake amfani a Dabarar (kallo matakai a cikin jiki, optically opaque), da ganewa na wasu cututtuka, kazalika da zazzabi masu auna sigina. Wadannan lu'ulu'u suna kafa da zazzabi juna a cikin wani nau'i na launi ginshiƙi. Cholesterics kuma za a iya amfani da lokacin kauda cikin obin na lantarki filayen. Manuniya amfani da samar da tsauri haske watsi sakamako. A cikin ruwa crystal nuni da ake amfani da na yanayi haske. Wannan zai iya rage ikon amfani. Saboda haka, ikon LCDs ne sosai ƙananan fiye da a cikin film da kuma foda phosphors emitting diodes, gas sallama nuni. Cholesterics amfani da canji dangane da infrared image a cikin wani bayyane.

A cholesteric ruwa crystal (sabanin nematic) Dynamic haske watsi iya samun memory - jiha, da watsi haske iya dage ko da bayan kau na filin. A wannan yanayin, wasu kaddarorin cholesteric da wani tasiri a kan duration na jihar. Saboda haka, memory za a iya ceto daga 'yan mintoci shekaru da dama. A cikin farko jiha (ba watsi) sakamakon a wani cholesteric alternating ƙarfin lantarki. Ya ce dukiyar da aka yi amfani da samuwar žwažwalwar Kwayoyin.