Roba Theory of Evolution

Roba Theory of Evolution da aka halitta bisa ga jam'iyya a cikin shekaru 20 na da lafiyar qasa, halittar jini, kuma Darwiniyanci. Yau, an dauke mafi cikakken da kuma raya quite complete. Roba ka'idar juyin halitta aiwatuwa da na gargajiya yawan itatuwa aure da Darwiniyanci.

A farko wajen gabatar da wani kayyade m ya Chetverikov Sergey. A 1926 ya buga wani labarin inda juyin halittar rayuwa (a wasu fannoni) an dauke daga ra'ayi na itatuwa aure. A aikinsa Chetverikov kawo dama da tanadi. A matsayin misali na su halitta alƙarya da Drosophila aka dauka. Saboda haka, masanin kimiyya samu da wadannan:

1. Maye gurbi a cikin yanayi faruwa kullum.
2. Recessive canje-canje iya dage illa ma sha Allahu, a cikin heterozygous jihar.
3. Tare da wani tara maye gurbi a cikin wannan irin cututtuka suna kwance a kan lokaci (kamar yadda suka tsufa).
4. Manyan interspecies bambantawa dalilai ne a kayyade bambancin da kadaici.
5. Panmixia (free mararraba) take kaiwa zuwa polymorphism da selection - a monomorphism na jinsi.

A ka'idar gabatar Chetverikov, shi ya nuna cewa jari na hanyar bazuwar maye gurbi taimakawa wajen Na'urar directionality, game da hanya a ci gaba. Ci gaban na koyar da Rasha jinsi kamarsu Romashov, Timofeev Resovskii Vavilov, Dubinin da sauransu. The ayyukan wadannan da sauran Figures kafa wani matsayi a kan abin da roba ka'idar juyin halitta.

A 30th shekara na Wright Holdeymsa, Fischer aza harsashin ginin domin ci gaba da koyarwa a kasashen yamma.

Daya daga cikin na farko ayyukansu inda roba ka'idar juyin halitta, da asalinta, a monograph a kan Dobzhansky aka buga The Origin of Species , kuma itatuwa aure. A cikin wannan takarda ta hankali da aka mayar da hankali a kan binciken na sunadaran da kwayoyin alƙarya da tsarin daidai da rinjayar daban-daban dalilai. A dalilai, musamman, sun hada da kayyade canzawa, da hawa da sauka a cikin yawan mutane cikin sharuddan daban-daban alƙarya, hijirarsa. A babban tasiri da kuma haddasawa juyin halitta da haihuwa kadaici da aka kafa a cikin wani nau'in sabon siffofin.

Shin an yi fice taimako ga ci gaban koyar Schmalhausen. A daidai da m ƙungiyar na embryology, ka'idar juyin halitta, binciken burbushin halittu, ilimin halittar jiki da kuma jinsi, masana kimiyya sun gudanar a-zurfin bincike rabo phylogeny da kuma yanayin halitta na juya, yi nazari a kan babban yayi a ci gaba da kuma ci gaba a yawan muhimman hakkokin arziki na zamani ka'idar.

Daga cikin muhimmin matsayi na asali bincike shi ne aikin da Huxley, "Evolution. A zamani kira". Na bayar da muhimmanci su ma nazarin siffofin da rates na ci gaba sanya ta Simpson.

Roba ka'idar dogara ne a kan goma sha babbar postulates. Su concisely tsara Vorontsov.

1. Maye gurbi, kamar yadda kananan mai hankali canje-canje a cikin gadar hali suna dauke juyin abu da yake bazuwar.
2. Main, wasu har, ko tafin tuki da karfi a baya da ci gaban da aka dauke su a zabin halitta ', wanda dogara ne a kan selection na kananan da kuma bazuwar maye gurbi.
3. The karami naúra tana dauke su wani gwamnatin yawan jama'a.
4. Development yana da gradation (hankali) da kuma ci gaba da yanayi.
5. View hada yawa ƙarƙashin kuma a lokaci guda rarrabe (morphologically, genetically da physiologically), amma ba reproductively zama ruwan dare raka'a.
6. Juyin Halitta bukatar da bambanta rarrabuwar halaye.
7. Hay genes (alleles musanya) ne a yarda ne kawai a cikin jinsin. A wannan batun, shi ne (irin) an dauke su wani Hadakar kuma genetically rufaffiyar tsarin.
8. Irin kaddarorin da ba su shafi cikin siffofin da cewa haifa asexually ta parthenogenesis kuma.
9. Ba'a faruwa da microevolutionary.
10. Real taxon yana monofiliticheskoe asalin (yana nufin daya kakanninmu form).
11. Juyin Halitta ne mai tsari unpredictable, yana da ba-directional yanayin da matuƙar manufa.