Inland ruwan Eastern Siberia. Rivers, tabkuna, Eastern Siberia, musamman yanayin

Siberia - na musamman da na halitta wuri da ban mamaki Flora da fauna. Geographic fasali na wadannan yankunan iya zama ban sha'awa ba kawai ga masana kimiyya da kuma injiniyoyi, amma kuma talakawa matafiya da kuma mutane da suka damu da duniya da kuma duk da bambancin. Dalili na ci gaba da yankuna ne sau da yawa ruwa. Zai yiwu shi ya sa gabatarwar ya kamata a fara da albarkatun ruwa. Saboda haka, abin da su ne ciki ruwan Eastern Siberia, cewa su suke da daraja da sanin? Bari mu yi nazarin a daki-daki, da kõguna a cikinta, tabkuna da kuma teku a yankin, da Flora da fauna, kazalika da ta kasa da kuma yanayin siffofin.

Gwargwadon wuri

A yankin rufe bakwai murabba'in kilomita miliyan. Labarin kasa Eastern Siberia ya hada da yanki daga duwãtsu, samar da wani raba tsakanin Pacific da kuma Arctic Ocean, ga Yenisei tasa. A cibiyar ne Tsakiya Siberian Plateau. Bugu da kari, akwai biyu filayen kwari. Wannan Arewa-Tsakiya Siberia da kuma Yakutia. Mountains da ake samu a cikin Baikal da kuma Yenisei Ridge.

A tsawon na yankin daga arewa zuwa kudu ne dubu uku kilomita. Iyakoki na Eastern Siberia suna located in Mongolia da kuma China. A arewa, a matsayi shi ne Cape Chelyuskin. Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasa ne daban-daban da isasshen babban matsayi saman teku matakin. River Gabas Siberia, jerin daga cikin mafi girma daga abin da za a tattauna a kasa, daban-daban high ruwa da azumi igiyoyin, su sukan aiko da zurfin kwaruruka.

located Archean-Proterozoic ginshiki, wanda ya bayyana a kan surface a kudu maso yammacin kuma arewa zuwa cikin ƙasar-tushen. Kasa hada slates, marbles, charnockites. Features na tectonic faranti a cikin wannan yanki samar da wani rarrabe tako taimako. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a irin wannan shiri na surface an lura ko da a karkashin ruwan Lake Baikal, kasan wanda kuma zurfafa m zana hotunan.

Lena

Na farko shi ne saka daya daga cikin mafi girma da koguna a duniya. Its tsawon shi ne dubu huɗu da ɗari hudu kilomita, da daron yanki - ɗari huɗu da tasa'in dubu murabba'in kilomita. Its main yankin da aka located in Irkutsk yankin da kuma Yakutia. Istok aka located a kan gangara na Baikal Mountains a tsawon kusan dubu mita saman teku matakin, da kuma gudana a cikin Lena a Laptev Sea. Mafi yawa daga cikin hanyar da kogin gudana ta hanyar kankara da kuma taiga. A cikin hunturu, shi freezes kusan zuwa kasa, da kuma a cikin bushe bazara iya bushe up gaba daya. Ikon da aka bayar da hazo da Lena River da tabkuna na Baikal yankin. A wasu wuraren, ya kai gare shi zurfin goma mita, da kuma nisa daga cikin kwarin iya zama har zuwa talatin kilomita.

Baki da shi asymmetrical - daya mai laushi gangara, da kuma na biyu - high kuma m. Aikin gandu, wanda kuma samar da Lena River abinci ne Vitim Viluy, Aldan. Kusa Yakutsk ban sha'awa na halitta samuwar yashi baranda. A kan ɗari da hamsin kilomita daga teku fara Delta, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Da karkararta rufe dubu talatin murabba'in kilomita - mafi m sikelin ba zai iya gadara da har ma da Nile. A yankin Neja Delta akwai yawa tsibiran, kafa daga yashi kawo kan.

Lena sau da yawa na kwalba spring, musamman a cikin sama ya kai. Ambaliya iya faruwa a lokacin rani, bayan ruwa sosai. A irin wannan sau, da pool shi ne ma fi m, amma shi ne ba ko da yaushe hadari zauna.

Yenisei

Muna ci gaba da bincike da ciki ruwan Eastern Siberia. Yenisei ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da waɗansu kõguna na Rasha Federation. Sunan zo daga Evenk kalmar "Jonas", wanda yake nufin "babban ruwa". A kogi ne mafi girma.

Pool ne yafi located in Krasnoyarsk Abuja. A babba ya kai suna located a cikin ƙasa na Mongolia. A tsawon Yenisei River ne dubu uku hudu ɗari da tamanin da bakwai kilomita. Pool a bayansa da mahara aikin gandu, mafi yawansu ba su - da dama banki. Wadannan sun hada da Tuba, Angara Kan Kureika, Stony da kuma Lower Tunguska, Hantayka. Hagu aikin gandu ne Abakan, Sym, Kas Turuhan, Elohim. The m tsawon na Yenisei River da kuma samar da wani m shekara-shekara da kwarara - shi ne fiye da kilomita shida. A waha yana da wani ɗari da dubu tabkuna, cikin shahararrun abin da yake Lake Baikal. Bugu da kari, akwai da dama da dams da biyu manyan kududdufai - Sayano-Shushenskaya da Krasnoyarsk. Nisa da tushe, da kogin gudana a cikin Yenisei Bay, wanda nasa ne da Kara Sea.

Likitan mata

Eastern Siberia ne mai arziki a cikin babban koguna. Alal misali, Likitan mata - daya daga cikin mafi girma ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a kan Eurasian nahiyar. An kafa ta mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Biya da kuma Katun kogin da gudana zuwa ga Kara Sea. A kogi ne da dubu uku da ɗari shida da hamsin kilomita. Top shakka yana da wani m kwarin. Yana Narrows bakin kawai a garin Kamen-na-Obi. Major aikin gandu hada da Tom, da Chulym, Tym, Wah da kuma Ket, Vasyugan, Irtysh da Big Yugan. Bugu da kari, da yankin da yawa da manyan birane da shi crosses da kogin Likitan mata. Barnaul, Salekhard, Surgut, Novosibirsk - da za su tsaya a kan ta bankuna.

A cikin manya ya kai shi ne na kwalba daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni, kuma a kasa da high ruwa na faruwa daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Satumba. Ice iya rufe shi har zuwa ɗari biyu da ashirin da kwanaki a shekara. A gaba na rufe ne da itace, da kuma quite sau da yawa ya ɗaukaka, in lãka yankunan boye bawo da burbushin. Al'ada a kowace shekara dan kadan canja da bayyanar - hagu banki wanke bãya, kuma yana da hakkin ya cika da yashi, kuma silt. Bugu da kari, da spring ruwan tsufana na kogin yakan ta hudu mita, abin da ya sa shi sosai bai tabbata ba iyaka.

Ural

Length na kogin Yenisei yafi ban sha'awa, amma kuma da Ural ne ma muhimmanci. An halin a tsawon na biyu dubu hudu ɗari da ashirin da takwas kilomita kuma wani yanki na mutum ɗari biyu da talatin da daya da dubu murabba'in kilomita. A tushen is located a kan wani kunya Uraltau. Wannan shi ne wani fairly m kogin - a cikin sama kai shi kuma bai da wuya ya wuce zurfin rabin mita. Urals ake powered Sakmara da Ilek, kazalika da ruwan sama da kuma narkewa snow.

A kogi ne cike da daban-daban kifi - nan ke kama kifi ga sturgeon, sturgeon, bream, perch, irin kifi, Pike, roach, bream, roach, Chub, IDE, gudgeon, bream, Grayling. Ural hunturu daskare - a cikin sama ya kai - a farkon watan Nuwamba, da kuma a kasa - da ƙarshen. Zuwan kashe kankara ta Afrilu.

Selenga

River Gabas Siberia, da jerin wanda shi ne ya cancanci nazari, sun hada da wannan daya. Selenga River ne mafi girma tributary Lake Baikal da gudana daga Mongolia. Its tushen ne wani Fusion na Ider Gol kuma Delger-Mourin. A asalin kogin akwai wani ban sha'awa cikin jarrabawa. Alal misali, da zarar kan wani lokaci da aka garwaya da rumfar ajiye jiragen sama. A cewar wani ka'idar, da Selenga wani tributary da Lena. Ra'ayinta game da Asalin sunan ne ma daban-daban. Wasu yi imani da cewa "Selenga" a Evenki ake dangantawa da kalmar "baƙin ƙarfe" - "sele". A cewar wasu ra'ayin, suna a cikin Buryat kalmar "Sal", wanda ya nuna akwai ruwa. A kogi ne da ɗari takwas da saba'in da kilomita.

Aikin gandu na Selenga ne Jida, Hillock, Uda, Chika, Temnik. A Baikal shi ya kawo talatin cubic kilomita na ruwa a kowace shekara, wanda asusun ga rabin jimlar inflows. Volume dogara a kan kakar na shekara - a watan Yuni da Yuli Selenga mafi cikakken mai ɓuɓɓuga da kuma kula shallower daga watan Janairu zuwa Maris. Bayan ruwa sosai, da kogin kwari shimfidawa, matakin na iya tashi zuwa ashirin da santimita awa. Selenga kawo wa Baikal ne ba kawai ruwa, amma kuma dakatar da daskararru - yashi, da adadin abin da za a iya isa har zuwa uku da rabi ton miliyan a kowace shekara, wajen gurbata da kasa. Fadowa cikin lake, da kogin Forms wani m Delta, wanda shi ne mai yawa kilomita rufe unconsolidated sediments. Outwardly, ga alama marshy bayyana, wanda aka raba kankanin tsibirin na tashoshi da kuma oxbows na Selenga. Babban kwarara a wannan sashi ke karkashin, wannan sabon abu hanyar Selenga da kuma a hade tare da Baikal.

Kafin gina wani babban hydroelectric iko tashar a Irkutsk Delta yankin da aka sau da yawa more. Daga cikin abubuwan, wannan yanki tsaye daga girgizar kasa aiki - a nan Girgizar asa damar goma da maki. Delta da aka jera ta UNESCO a matsayin na musamman na halitta sabon abu da planetary darajar, shi ne a kare yankin. A kiyayewa yankin, gida don kusan ɗari uku jinsunan tsuntsaye, da kuma saba'in wanda aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi. Wadannan sun hada da baki crane, peregrine shaho, da fari-tailed godwit da kuma Asia. A gabas na yankin Neja Delta ne ornithological ajiye "Kabansky" tsunduma a ceto na namun dajin.

Baikal

By nazarin ciki ruwan Eastern Siberia, ba za mu iya manta game da wannan lake. Shi ne mafi girma ruwa tare cikin nahiyar, da kuma na uku duk da ruwa a jikinsu. Nemo alamar "lake. Baikal "a kan taswira shi ne mai sauki - da tsawon fiye da ɗari shida kilomita, nisa - tamanin, don haka lura da wannan batu ne mai sauki.

A kan bankunan na kandami abin mamaki da yawa ƙarni sanaki mutane, amma yanayi har yanzu alama daji da kuma untouched, da samar da wani yanayi na musamman da wata halitta ajiye. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda shi yana dauke daya daga cikin mafi kyau wurare a duniya, alama ta Yanã shiryar da ma UNESCO jerin.

A cikin tafkin ne tsibirin Olkhon. Tsarki Hanci sashin raba lake. Baikal a sassa biyu. Matsakaicin zurfin ruwa ya kai dubu ɗari uku da saba'in da biyu mita. Haka kuma, kasa sauka quite sharply dabam-dabam m gangara kai tsaye zuwa cikin bakin teku tsiri. A kusa da bakin ko daga biyu m sludge fara. Kagaggun kasa da aka rufe ta da babban yawan rajistan ayyukan, kututture, kuma dukan sunken itatuwa.

A cikin mafi girma lake a Eastern Siberia da ɗari uku da talatin da shida aikin gandu, mafi muhimmanci ne Upper Angara da Tunguska. Baikal da aka sani m da crystal bayyana ruwa. By Disamba, da lake ne daskararre da kankara zuwan kashe a watan Mayu. A lokacin hunturu watanni da kankara kai tsaye ya wuce cinikayya hanya, yayin da a cikin bazara akwai Company rayayye da za'ayi. The ruwa ne quite sanyi - iska ta fãɗa da kawar da dumi surface Layer ne kullum hadawa shi da zurfi. Daga spring har Agusta akwai m hazo.

Recent karatu sun nuna cewa lake aka sanaki da dama mollusks da kwaro, kazalika da wani m yawan jinsunan kifaye. Amazing ruwa da ya rage bayyana a ƙarƙashin kankara, shi ne wani alamar, da aka sani a kan duniya sikelin - don dubi m surface na Lake Baikal aka ziyarci da mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da haka, tabarbarewar muhalli halin da ake ciki a duniya na iya haifar da bacewar wannan sabon abu - kandami ne rasa tsarkakuwa, kuma zai iya canza cika fuska a cikin zuwan shekarun da suka gabata.

Taimyr

Inland ruwan Eastern Siberia ne daban-daban iri-iri na sabon abu fasali. Alal misali, sanannun Lake Taimyr ne ban sha'awa, domin shi ne mafi northerly a duniya. Yana gudana a cikin kogi na wannan sunan - Taimyr. The lake is located nisa sama da Arctic Circle, da kuma arewacin batu ne a saba'in da shida digiri na latitud. Kamar yadda wasu daga cikin waɗansu kõguna na Eastern Siberia, kandami ne daskararre domin da yawa watanni na shekara. Muna located kashe bakin tekun na tsibirin - su ne daban-daban madauwari siffar, m gaba da cliffs, wasu suna glaciers. An sani cewa Lake. Taimyr aka located a wani yanki da yake da zarar kasa daga cikin teku. Wannan rinjayar da taimako na kewaye ƙasar kandami. A binciken da na shoreline da aka gudanar a cikin forties na karni na sha takwas - da aka tsunduma a cikin wannan shahara matafiya Laptev Chekin da Chelyuskin.

lake Khantayskoye

Wani manyan jiki na ruwa dake a kudancin na Taimyr Larabawa. Yan unguwa kira shi daban - Kutarmo. version of "Big Khantayskoye" kuma an san. Kusa ne kauye na wannan sunan, wanda aka kafa da shekara tamanin da suka wuce.

Wannan jiki na ruwa an dauke musamman saboda ta zurfin - zai iya zama har zuwa hudu ɗari da ashirin da mita, na biyu kawai ga Caspian Sea da kuma Lake Baikal. Lake Khantayskoye lullube tamanin kilomita tsawo da kuma ashirin da biyar a fadin, rufe da wani yanki na ɗari takwas da ashirin da biyu murabba'in kilomita. A kandami is located a cikin tectonics-glacial tasa, wanda aka located a kan wani tudu Putorana cewa ya ta'allaka ne a wani tsawo na sittin da biyar mita saman teku matakin. Tare da nan kusa lake kira Kananan Khantayskoye ta haɗa wani tashar. Wannan yanki ne located sama da Arctic Circle, haka yanayin ne na hali na yankin, mai tsanani isasshen - a nan ne permafrost zone, sabili da haka da ruwa sanyi sosai Hantayskogo lake, kuma duk shekara zagaye.

Kara teku

Domestic ruwa Eastern Siberia da kuma kai tsaye haɗa zuwa waje kududdufai. Saboda haka, babu wata cũta zai gano da yankin da kuma cikin teku. Alal misali, Kara, wanda aka kunshe a kungiyar Siberian Arctic. Yana nufin da nahiyar irin m tekuna da kuma Forms iyakar Eastern Siberia a arewacin yankin. An yanki na ɗari takwas da tamanin da dubu uku murabba'in kilomita yin shi da daya daga cikin mafi girma. A girma daga ruwa ya kai casa'in da takwas dubu cubic mita. A talakawan zurfin ne daidai da ɗari da goma da kuma a kalla - shida da ɗari mita. Ruwayen ne mai yawa archipelagos, wanda aka located tare da bakin tekun. A sanyi weather, da teku a kan wasu yankunan akwai windstorms. Cyclone yamma bears a ƙasar dumi iska taro, mafi sau da yawa shi ne idan akwai a watan Fabrairu. Sa'an nan spring zo, iska heats sama da sauri, kuma mafi zafi wata ne Yuli, lokacin da yanayin zafi na iya kai gaci zuwa da ashirin digiri Celsius. A Kara Sea ne na irin wannan bayar da muhimmanci ga yankin domin da yawa fada cikin kogin na Eastern Siberia a cikinsa. Alal misali, shi ne Likitan mata da Yenisei.

yanayin siffofin

Weather a wani yankin ƙaddara da ta Gwargwadon wuri. A yanayi na Eastern Siberia, da nisa daga tekun Atlantic za a iya kira nahiyar. Wannan yana nufin alama yanayi da yawan zafin jiki bambancin, kananan girgije, kuma ba ma nauyi hazo. A cikin hunturu yanayin ne m da Asian anticyclone. Wannan yana nufin cewa a lokacin da rana da karfi da yawan zafin jiki da hawa da sauka na iya faruwa. Kafa snow, da zazzabi za a iya fada don debe arba'in, da kuma depressions - kamar yadda low kamar yadda debe sittin. A wannan yanayin da isowa daga cikin dumi taro na iya kara yawan zafin jiki har zuwa ranar sifili. Summer cyclones zuwa daga yamma da kuma samar da m adadin hazo. A shekara-shekara yawan su jeri daga ɗari da talatin da daya da dubu millimeters.

A softest yanayi daban-daban ta Tsakiya Siberian Plateau. A ƙasa na Yakutia ne halin da aridity, kamar yadda Baikal yanki kusa da teku yanayi, saboda da manyan size na lake. A kalla a cikin yankin na hazo da dama a watan Fabrairu da Maris. A yanayi na Eastern Siberia halitta yanayi na lush gandun daji da cewa rufe mafi yawan yankin, kazalika da mataki - su ne ko da sittin da darajõji arewa latitud. A matsananci yanayi na wadannan wurare bayar Siberia sinister wuri a cikin tarihi - duk da cewa da albarkatun kasa na yankin ne m richness, zurfin drifts kuma m sanyi sanya wannan ƙasa a wuri na gudun hijira. Don wannan rana, wurare da dama kasance inda ba wanda yake zaune da mutumin, da tsare da ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi daidai saboda tsananin yanayi.

Biota

Albarkatun kasa a Eastern Siberia ne sararin da bambance bambancen. A nan ne ne babban itace samar. yankin itatuwa suna wakilta jinsunan kamar Pine, da itacen al'ul, fir, spruce kuma larch. Bugu da kari, a cikin gabashin Siberia gida da yawa daban-daban dabbobi. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci jinsunan ne gina jiki. A cikin duwatsu na yankin sanaki marmots, Kamchatka da baki-bugawa. A cikin gandun daji za ka iya saduwa da Asian itace mice, voles Siberia. Animals daga Red Littãfi ne gida Tuvan dabbar beaver. A kan bankunan na Yenisei hadu Asian dogon-tailed ƙasa squirrels. A boreal yankuna mafi rare da kuma sabon abu dabbobi dauke su a lemming, su zauna a can kamar yadda voles da sauran jinsunan. Bats gabatar da wani fata jacket, kuma Daubenton ta jemage.

Kwaro jinsunan akwai wani abu kaɗan. Kananan dabbobi an gabatar shrews da Dahurian hedgehogs. A Gabas Siberian taiga rayuwa ruwan kasa beyar, muz da Lynx, Foxes, badgers da ferrets. Common barewa da Sable, da kuma a wasu wuraren akwai Roe barewa, yawo squirrels, zomo da kuma hakori. Diversity cewa halin wadannan albarkatun a Eastern Siberia, bayar da tarihi matsayi kamar yadda daya daga cikin albarkatun kasa yankuna.