Lemar sararin samaniya - a gas blue. Properties da kuma aikace-aikace na gas. Lemar sararin samaniya a cikin yanayi

Lemar sararin samaniya - mai gas. Ba kamar wasu da dama, ya ba m, kuma yana da wani rarrabe launi da kuma ko sansana. Shi ne yanzu a cikin yanayi da kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci aka gyara. Mene ne yawa na lemar sararin samaniya, ta taro da sauran kaddarorin? Mene ne ta rawa a cikin rayuwar duniya?

blue gas

A sunadarai na lemar sararin samaniya ba wurin zama a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur. Wannan shi ne saboda shi ne ba wani kashi. Lemar sararin samaniya - shi allotropic gyara ko bambancin da oxygen. Kamar yadda a D2, ta kwayoyin kunshi kawai na oxygen amma ya aikata ba na biyu, amma uku. Saboda haka, yana kama da wani sinadaran dabara O3.

Lemar sararin samaniya gas ne blue. Yana yana da kyau m pungent wari, reminiscent na chlorine, idan da maida hankali ne da muni. Kada ka tuna da wari daga kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe a cikin ruwan sama? Wannan ne lemar sararin samaniya. Saboda wannan dukiya, da ya samu da sunan da, saboda tsoho Greek harshe "lemar sararin samaniya" - a "wari".

Gas kwayoyin iyakacin duniya kwayoyin halitta a cikinta suna da alaka a wani kwana na 116,78 °. Lemar sararin samaniya da aka samar a lokacin da O2 kwayoyin ne a haɗe zuwa wani free oxygen. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da daban-daban halayen, kamar hadawan abu da iskar shaka na phosphorus, lantarki sallama ko bazuwar na peroxides a cikin abin da kwayoyin halitta da oxygen da kuma cire.

Properties na lemar sararin samaniya

Karkashin al'ada yanayi, akwai lemar sararin samaniya a wani gas da ciwon kwayoyin nauyi na game da 48 g / mol. Shi ne diamagnetic, cewa ba zai iya a janyo hankalin zuwa wani maganadisu, kamar yadda azurfa, da zinariya, ko nitrogen. lemar sararin samaniya yawa ne 2,1445 g / dm³.

A m jihar lemar sararin samaniya zama blue-baki, da ruwa - Indigo launi kusa da shunayya. Tafasar batu a cikin wannan yanayin ne 111,8 digiri Celsius. A zazzabi na sifili digiri shi ne narkewa a cikin ruwa (kawai m) sau goma mafi alhẽri oxygen. Wannan abu ne da gauraye da ruwa methane, nitrogen, sunadarin flourine, argon, kuma a karkashin wani yanayi da kuma tare da oxygen.

A karkashin mataki na lamba na catalysts an sauƙi oxidized, yayin da jaddada free oxygen kwayoyin halitta. Sadar da shi, sai nan da nan kunna. The abu iya oxidizing kusan duk karafa. Ba su shafar ta mataki ne kawai platinum, da zinariya. Yana halaka daban-daban Organic da kuma aromatic fili. Bayan lamba tare da ammonia Forms da ammonium nitrite, halaka carbon biyu shaidu.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayi a high yawa, lemar sararin samaniya decomposes spontaneously. Wannan saki zafi da kuma kafa kwayoyin O2. A mafi girma da natsuwa, da mafi dauki zafi. Lokacin da abun ciki na lemar sararin samaniya ne mafi girma daga 10% shi ne tare da fashewa. Ta kara yawan zafin jiki da kuma rage matsin lamba ko ga lamba tare da kwayoyin kayan ne sauri bazuwar na O3.

Tarihi na samu

A sunadarai, lemar sararin samaniya da aka ba da aka sani da XVIII karni. Na gano shi ne a 1785 saboda da wari, wanda da likita Van Marum ji yayin da aiki da electrostatic na'ura. Ko da shekaru 50 bayan da gas bai bayyana a kimiyya gwaje-gwajen da kuma gudanar da bincike.

Scientist Kristian Shonbeyn a 1840 karatu da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na fari phosphorus. A lokacin da gwaje-gwajen, ya ya iya gane an unknown abu, wanda ya kira "lemar sararin samaniya". Sunadarai a hankali tsunduma a cikin binciken na da kaddarorin, da kuma wani hanya ne na samar da sabon bincike gas.

Ba da da ewa zuwa binciken abu da kuma shiga sauran masana kimiyya. Shahararren likita Nikola Tesla ko da gina farko a cikin tarihin na lemar sararin samaniya janareta. Industrial amfani da O3 fara a cikin marigayi XIX karni, tare da zuwan na farko shigarwa na samar da ruwan sha a gida. The abu amfani ga disinfection.

Lemar sararin samaniya a cikin yanayi

Our Duniya da aka kewaye da wani ganuwa harsashi daga iska - yanayi. Ba tare da shi rayuwa a duniya ba zai yiwu ba. Waje aka gyara: oxygen, lemar sararin samaniya, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane da sauran gas.

Lemar sararin samaniya da kanta ba ya wanzu da kuma a can ne kawai a sakamakon sinadaran halayen. Kusa da surface na duniya shi ne kafa saboda lantarki walƙiya a lokacin wani walƙiya hadari. M hanya ta bayyana saboda da watsi daga motoci, masana'antu, fetur vapors, data kasance thermal ikon shuke-shuke.

Ground-matakin lemar sararin samaniya kira tropospheric ko ƙasa-matakin. Akwai stratospheric. An sa da ultraviolet radiation daga rana. An kafa a nesa na 19-20 kilomita sama da duniya ta surface da kuma kara zuwa tsawo na 25-30 kilomita.

A stratospheric lemar sararin samaniya Layer O3 suranta wani taurãro, abin da na tsare shi daga m hasken rana radiation. Yana garwaya game da 98% na ultraviolet radiation ciwon zango isa ga abin da ya faru da ciwon daji da kuma konewa.

Aikace-aikace na abu

Lemar sararin samaniya - shi ne mai kyau oxidant da hallakarwa. Wannan dukiyar da aka yi amfani da su tsarkake ruwan sha. Haddabi sakamako a kan abu cutarwa ga mutum kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma lokacin da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kanta tuba a cikin m oxygen.

Shi ne iya kashe ko resistant zuwa chlorine kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, shi da ake amfani da tsarkake ruwa mai guba daga environmentally cutarwa mai, sulfides, phenols, da dai sauransu Irin wannan halaye ba su da kowa, yafi a cikin Amurka da kuma wasu kasashen Turai.

Lemar sararin samaniya da ake amfani a magani ga disinfection na kida a cikin masana'antu da taimakon bleached takarda, bayyananne mai suna daban-daban abubuwa. A amfani da O3 Ya tsarkake cikin iska, ruwa da kuma sarari kira ozonation.

Lemar sararin samaniya da kuma mutane

Duk da ta m Properties, lemar sararin samaniya zai iya zama haɗari ga mutane. Idan gas a cikin iska zai zama fiye da mutum zai iya sha wahala, dalma ba za a iya kauce masa. A Rasha ta canja kudi na 0.1 g / l.

Sama da dokoki bayyana hankula bayyanar cututtuka na sinadaran da guba, kamar ciwon kai, hangula, juwa. Lemar sararin samaniya rage daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar da airway juriya ga kamuwa da cuta da kuma lowers jini. Lokacin da gas maida hankali sama 9.8 MG / l ne zai yiwu na huhu edema har ma da mutuwa.

A lokaci guda gane lemar sararin samaniya a cikin iska fairly sauƙi. Wari "kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe", chloro ko "cancers" (kamar yadda da'awar Mendeleev) da kuma tare da a fili audible low abun ciki na abubuwa.