A tsarin da jini membrane a daki-daki

Sel shuke-shuke, fungi da dabbobi kunshi uku aka gyara irin matsayin tsakiya, cytoplasm da located a cikinta, kuma inclusions da wasu gabbansa da jini membrane. Kwaya ne alhakin adanar kayyade kayan rubuta a kan DNA, da kuma kulawa da duk matakai Kwayoyin. A cytoplasm ƙunshi wasu gabbansa, kowanne daga abin na da siffofin, kamar, misali, kira na Organic abubuwa, salon salula numfasawa, cell narkewa, da sauransu. D. A bangaren na karshen da za a tattauna a more daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

Mene ne membrane a ilmin halitta?

A sauki sharuddan, shi ne harsashi. Duk da haka, shi ne, ba ko da yaushe gaba daya impenetrable. Kusan ko da yaushe yana yarda wasu abubuwa kai ta cikin membrane.

A cytology membrane za a iya raba biyu main iri. A farko - shi ne jini membrane da yake rufe da cell. Na biyu - wata matattarar wasu gabbansa. Akwai wasu gabbansa da suke yi daya ko biyu membranes. By odnomembrannym hada da Golgi na'ura, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes. By dvumembrannym ne plastids da mitochondria.

Har ila yau, membranes na iya zama duka cikin wasu gabbansa. Yawancin lokaci shi ne ciki membrane dvumembrannyh Kalam wasu gabbansa.

Ta yaya ne dvumembrannyh membrane wasu gabbansa?

A plastids da mitochondria biyu bawo. A waje membrane wasu gabbansa biyu santsi, amma ciki siffofin wajibi ga aiki na organelle tsarin.

Saboda haka, mitochondrial harsashi ya baƙin tsinkaya - cristae ko ridges. Don su kuma akwai wani mai sassa na sinadaran halayen zama dole domin cell numfasawa.

Samu daga ciki membrane na chloroplast ne faifai-dimbin yawa pouches - thylakoids. Suna tattara a tara - grana. Hada mutum fuskokin juna ta wajen wani lamella - dogon Tsarin ma kafa daga membranes.

A tsarin da membranes na wasu gabbansa odnomembrannyh

A cikin wadannan da wasu gabbansa, membrane kadai. Shi ne yawanci a santsi ambulan ya kunshi lipids da kuma sunadarai.

Features na tsarin da jini membrane na cell

A membrane kunshi abubuwa kamar lipids da kuma sunadarai. A tsarin da jini membrane samar da kauri a cikin 7-11 nm. The girma na membrane lipids dauki kashi.

A tsarin da jini membrane bayar da kasancewar a cikin shi na biyu yadudduka. Farko - a biyu Layer na phospholipids, da kuma na biyu - Layer sunadaran.

A lipids na jini membrane

Lipids, wanda wani bangare ne na jini membrane, ya kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: steroids, sphingophospholipids da glycerophospholipids. Malkisadik kwayoyin da aka hada da wani trihydric barasa glycerol saura, a cikinsa biyu na hydrogen sunadaran hydroxyl kungiyoyin an sauya tare da m acid, sarƙoƙi, yayin da uku na hydrogen zarra na wani hydroxyl kungiyar - phosphoric acid saura, wanda, bi da bi, shiga cikin saura na daya daga cikin nitrogenous sansanonin.

Glycerophospholipids kwayoyin za a iya kasu kashi biyu: a kai da kuma wutsiya. Hydrophilic kai (.. Watau, insoluble a ruwa), da kuma wutsiyoyi - hydrophobic (su tare ruwa, amma narkewa a cikin kwayoyin kaushi). Saboda wannan tsarin za a iya kira glycerophospholipids amphiphilic DNA, m. F., Kuma hydrophobic da hydrophilic lokaci guda.

Sphingophospholipids kama a sinadaran tsarin to glycerophospholipids. Amma da suka bambanta daga sama cewa a cikin tsarin maimakon saura daga glycerol da wani ragi barasa sphingosine. Su kwayoyin kuma suna da shugabannin da kuma wutsiyoyi.

A hoton da ke ƙasa a fili a bayyane tsarin zane na jini membrane.

Jini membrane sunadaran

Kamar yadda sunadaran na da tsarin da jini membrane, shi ne mafi yawa glycoproteins.

Ya danganta da wurin da harsashi za a iya raba kungiyoyin biyu: na gefe da kuma na game. A farko - wadanda da suke a kan surface na membrane, da kuma na biyu - su ne wadanda wanda ya kutsa cikin dukan kauri daga cikin harsashi da suke a cikin lipid Layer.

Dangane da ayyuka yi da sunadarai, sun za a iya raba hudu kungiyoyin: enzymes, tsarin, kai da tsoka mai amsa sigina.

All sunadaran da aka samu a cikin tsarin da jini membrane ba chemically dangantawa da phospholipids. Saboda haka za su iya matsawa da yardar kaina a gindi Layer na membrane, don tara a kungiyoyin, da sauransu. D. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tsarin da jini membrane na sel ba za a iya kira a tsaye. Shi ne tsauri, kamar yadda shi ne ko da yaushe canza.

Wace rawa jikin tantanin?

A tsarin da jini membrane damar da shi a magance da biyar ayyuka.

A farko da kuma babban - don takura da cytoplasm. Tare da wannan cell yana da wani m siffar da kuma size. A kisa da wannan aiki an bada shi ta gaskiya cewa jini membrane da wani karfi da kuma na roba.

Na biyu rawa - samar da cell-cell lambobi. Saboda da sassauci da jini membrane na dabba Kwayoyin iya samar da protuberances da folds a su gidajen abinci.

A gaba aiki na jikin tantanin - kai. An tabbatar da musamman sunadarai. Godiya a gare su, da ake so abu za a iya hawa cikin cell da sharar gida - zubar da shi.

Bugu da kari, da jini membrane yi aikin enzymatic aiki. Yana kuma da za'ayi godiya ga sunadaran.

Kuma na karshe aiki - ƙararrawa. Saboda sunadaran da ake gittar da wani yanayi na iya canza su sarari tsarin, da jini membrane na sel iya aika sakonni.

Yanzu ka san duk na membranes: Mene ne matattarar ilmin halitta, abin da suka kasance, da yadda za a yi da jini membrane kuma matattarar da wasu gabbansa, wanda ayyuka da suka yi.