Darajar da kuma manufa na aiki na analyzers da hankula

Dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya bukatar bayani game da yanayin da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta rayuwa, kuma mutum ya ba togiya. Da yiwuwar samun bayanai game da yanayi samar da m (haska) tsarin. Duk wani aiki, azanci shine ji tsoka mai amsa sigina ta fara da kara kuzari da makamashi da kuma da canji a cikin jijiyar, da kuma aika da wadannan hasken dake fitowa ta cikin kwakwalwa na tsarin jijiya kewaye, wanda sabobin tuba da jijiyar zuwa takamaiman majiyai, kamar auditory, olfactory, na gani, tactile, da sauransu.

Mene ne analyzers da mutum hankula? A wannan daga baya.

a kan analyzers

A lokacin binciken da Physiology na azanci shine tsarin Academician Pavlov , IP Ya halicci wani aikin na analyzers. Kowane analyzer uku ƙungiyoyin: tsakiya, na gefe da kuma shugaba.

A gefe rabo daga rabe wakiltar - jijiya endings da suke da mahimmanci kawai zuwa wasu kasashe na zabe jinsunan. Suna kunshe a cikin hankula, da m.

Analyzers da azanci shine gabobin: sifa da aiki

A analyzer yana da wani hali tsarin. Ya ƙunshi wani tsoka mai amsa sigina Department, da conductive kashi da kuma tsakiyar ofishin. Tsoka mai amsa sigina ko da na gefe ɓangare na analyzer za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai tsoka mai amsa sigina. Ya san kuma ya aikata aikin primary aiki na da wasu bayanai. Alal misali, a sauti kalaman da aka gano ta kunne curl, haske - ido matsa lamba - fata rabe.

A hadaddun gabobin da ma'ana (dandano, da hangen nesa, ji), ban da rabe, da gaban karin Tsarin for kyau ji na kara kuzari da kuma aiki hali, m da kuma sauran ayyuka. Alal misali, goyon bayan Tsarin na gani analyzer buga idanu, yayin da na gani rabe - kawai m sel (sandunansu, kuma suka Cones). Rabe za a iya bambanta na waje, wanda aka shirya a jiki surface hangula da kuma gane da waje yanayi da kuma ciki a gabansa hangula ciki yanayi da kuma gabobin.

Ta yaya ne analyzers da hankula?

Division shugaba analyzer nuna jijiya zaruruwa cewa gudanar da jijiyar a tsakiya m tsarin daga tsoka mai amsa sigina (auditory, olfactory, na gani jijiya, da dai sauransu).

Jamhuriyar Front analyzer wakiltar wani rabo daga cerebral bawo, a cikin abin da kira da kuma bincike na bayanai bayar da Na'urar haska kuma tana mayar da shi zuwa takamaiman majiyai (olfactory, na gani, da dai sauransu).

A wannan alamomin ga al'ada aiki na analyzer za a iya kira da amincin dukan uku daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ba. Yadda yi da hankula da kuma analyzers? More kan cewa a kasa.

The aiki na gani analyzer

A tsoka mai amsa sigina na wadannan Tsarin wakilci ido. Chemical halayen nan ta samar da wani lantarki bugun jini da ya wuce ta na gani jijiya, kuma an kimanta a cikin occipital lobe bawo.

The aiki na auditory analyzer. Tsoka mai amsa sigina kunne nan. A m ɓangare na shi da yake faruwa sauti, da talakawan zo gaba. A siginar motsa tare da auditory jijiya a cikin kwakwalwa, da na boko lobes.

Aiki da olfactory analyzer. A olfactory epithelium rufe ciki membrane na hanci. Sũ ba su sani da wari kwayoyin, shi ya aikata haifar da jijiyar.

Aiki dandano analyzers. Su dandano buds ne - m sinadaran rabe cewa amsa ga sinadaran abubuwa.

Akwai tactile, zazzabi, zafi analyzers - kuma kunshi rabe a kan fata. Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki, manufar "hankula" da "analyzers".

Gabar hangen nesa

The most adadin bayanai game da waje duniya yana daukar kwayar cutar ga mutum ta hanyar da sashen gani, cewa shi ne, da idanu, wanda ya ƙunshi wani karin na'ura da kuma eyeball. Eyeball located in gaba, na daga cikin kwanyar a cikin sako-madawwama biyu, kare ta manya da ƙananan eyelids daga inji lalacewa, kazalika da gashin idanu da frontal tsinkaya, hanci da kuma Malar girman kwanyar ƙasũsuwa.

Analyzers da mutum hankula musamman.

A kusurwar da ido soket ne verhnenaruzhnogo lacrimal gland cewa asirce lacrimal ruwa, da hawaye, facilitates da motsi na da eyelids, wetting surface na eyeball. A ciki kusurwa da yake faruwa da wuce haddi hawaye, shi da dama a cikin hawaye ducts sa'an nan a cikin hanci rami na nasolacrimal bututu. Shida extraocular tsokoki gama eyeball kuma kashi bango na kewayewa da kuma ba da damar for motsi up, saukar, a kaikaice.

Uku harsashi bango kafa eyeball: fibrous (m), jijiyoyin bugun gini (talakawan) da kuma akan tantanin ido ko reticulated (ciki). A matsanancin harsashi ne mafi, da raya kashi Forms sclera (Tunica m fata), shi wuce a cikin gaban m membrane cewa shi ne permeable zuwa ga haske, - da cornea. A core na sclera kare ido da kuma rike da siffar. Eye ciyad da jini, wanda shi ne mai arziki a cikin choroid. Iris, cewa shi ne, ta gaba, pigmented, kuma wannan kayyade launi na pigment, wanda yana da wani ido. Saboda haka ya shirya analyzers da azanci shine gabobin.

A gaban shirayin da ido

A cikin agara jam'iyya - sarari tsakanin Iris da cornea, vyazkovatoy cika da ruwa. Bayan da Iris ne biconvex ruwan tabarau na 10 mm a diamita - na roba da kuma m ruwan tabarau. An haɗe zuwa ciliary tsoka, wanda aka located a cikin choroid. Idan da tashin hankali da jijiyoyin an rage, Ina nufin ciliary tsoka hūta, da ruwan tabarau zama mafi convex saboda ta resiliency kuma elasticity, da kuma mataimakin versa, da ruwan tabarau zama thicker a lokacin karawa tensioning jijiyoyin.

The raya jam'iyya na ido ne cika da ruwa da kuma located tsakanin ruwan tabarau da kuma Iris. Ga ruwan tabarau na eyeball rami da aka cika da m gelatinous salla, da ake kira vitreous jiki, wanda aka yi nufi ga kula da siffar da eyeball, to ba shi da sassauci kuma, a Bugu da kari, ci gaba a lamba tare da sclera da choroid akan tantanin ido. Wannan shi ne ainihin manufa na aiki na ji gabobin da kuma analyzers.

The akan tantanin ido

Retin-A, ko net-kamar ciki harsashi ne mafi hadaddun a tsarin. Yana Lines bango na eyeball daga ciki. Its dokoki da jijiya endings na na gani jijiya, tsoka mai amsa sigina (photosensitive) sel (sandunansu, kuma suka Cones) da kuma gashin Kwayoyin cewa suna located a cikin matsanancin Layer na akan tantanin ido. Black tabo pigment Layer aka kyan gani, ta hanyar bude daga cikin almajiri. Ga yadda za a yi amfani da hankula da kuma analyzers.

Eye la'akari Tantancewar na'ura. Its haske-refracting tsarin hada da: da vitreous jiki, da ruwan tabarau, da mai ruwa-ruwa ruwa na baya da kuma gaban ɗakunan da cornea. Kowane Tantancewar kashi na tsarin ya wuce ta wani haske haskoki ake refracted, fadowa a kan haske a jikin da kuma kafa wani inverted da kuma rage image na abubuwa bayyane zuwa ga ido.

Abin da analyzers suna da nasaba hankula, shi ya zama yanzu bayyananne.

Ginshikai na photoreception

The akan tantanin ido ƙunshi game da 130 da miliyan sandunansu, kuma miliyan 7 Cones. A Cones iodopsin pigment ne ba wanda damar zuwa gane launi a hasken rana. Su kuma za a iya raba uku iri, da ciwon na ji na ƙwarai to blue, ja da kore da launukanku.

A sandunansu, kuma suka Cones (photosensitive rabe) lokacin da fallasa zuwa haske haskoki da ciwon hadaddun photochemical halayen da suna tare da tsakiyan nonon na gani pigments zuwa fili. Wannan na taimaka wa wani photochemical dauki na zumudi, suna daukar kwayar cutar a kan na gani jijiya da bugun jini form a diencephalon da midbrain (subcortical cibiyoyin), da kuma kara a occipital lobe na cerebral bawo da kuma modified a gani abin mamaki. A cikin duhun mayar gani shunayya.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin analyzer da ma'ana sashin jiki? More kan cewa a kasa.

Authority of Health

Dalilai bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da adana:

• da haske Madogararsa ne a kan hagu.
• wurin aiki ya kamata a da lit.
• daga ido da za a duba batun nesa ya zama game 30-35 santimita.

Yana kuma kaiwa wani tabarbarewar karanta a kai (tun da kullum canja nesa tsakanin ruwan tabarau da kuma littafin kaiwa zuwa raunanar da elasticity ciliary tsoka da ruwan tabarau), ko kwance. Ya kamata kare idanu da ingress na sosai haske, kura da sauran barbashi. Babu kasa muhimmanci ji gabobin da kuma analyzers. Biology gwajin zai iya zarcẽwa kowane.

Gabar ji tana

Domin ji sashin jiki ne talakawan kunne, da m ɓangare kuma can cikin kunne.

A waje kunne ya hada da auricle da waje auditory canal, eardrum ƙare. A siffar da pinna yayi kama da mazurari hada da fibrous nama, wanda aka rufe da fata da kuma guringuntsi. A tsawon matsanancin auditory canal -. 2-5 cm Specific gland tashar kasaftawa sulfuric danko sosai ruwa, kunã kangẽwa, kwayoyin da ƙura. A na roba da kuma bakin ciki zuwa 0.1 mm eardrum inganta canja wuri a cikin tsakiyar kunne sauti vibrations.

A tsakiyar kunne aka located bayan da eardrum a cikin boko kashi na ragargaje. Ya tympanic rami yana da wani ƙarfi na kimanin 1 cm ³ da kuma ƙunshi uku ossicles: stapes, incus da malleus. Bayan Eustachian (auditory) tube an haɗa zuwa tympanum nasopharynx. Matsa lamba a garesu na eardrum aka hada kai ta hanyar da auditory tube, shi ma kula da mutunci.

Very kananan size auditory ossicles sarkar form m tare da juna. Malleus (outermost rami) an haɗa zuwa tympanic membrane, kuma ta kai da wani maƙera - yin amfani da hadin gwiwa. Maƙera, bi da bi, an haɗe zuwa stapes, kuma shi - bango na ciki kunne. Auditory ossicles riba aiki aka yi 20 sau da Ft Irfan kalaman watsa to can cikin kunne da eardrum.

A ciki bango na tympanum, wanda ya raba da talakawan daga can cikin kunne yana da biyu windows (takware) - m da zagaye, m membrane wanda membrane. A foramen ovale membrane ginu stapes.

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar da hankula da kuma analyzers. Test a ilmin halitta, misali, ya ƙunshi tambayoyi a kan wannan topic.

A can cikin kunne da aka located a cikin boko kashi, shi ne wani tsarin na tashoshi da cavities, da ake kira labyrinth. Tare da suke samar da wata fitar kasusuwan jikinsu labyrinth, kuma membranous labyrinth aka located a ciki shi. Tsakanin membranous labyrinth da kashi sarari mai cike da ruwa, da ake kira perilymph.

Membranous labyrinth ciki mai cike da ruwa, ya kira endolymph. Uku sassan ake kasaftawa a can cikin kunne: da cochlea, da semicircular canals kuma shirayin. By ji sashin jiki za a iya dangana kawai cochlea - kashi tashar spirally Twisted 2.5 jũya. A rami na tashar ne zuwa kashi uku sassa da biyu membranes.

Daya membrane, babban membrane aka hada da connective nama, kunsha na kimanin 24 dubban kankanin zaruruwa na daban-daban tsawo da kuma shirya transversely zuwa cikin shakka daga cikin cochlea. A mafi tsawo zaruruwa ne a koli na cochlea, kuma mafi guntu - a karkashi. Wadannan zaruruwa ne 5 layuka zvukochuvstvitelnyh gashi Kwayoyin tare da shafi membrane girma sama da su. Tare, wadannan abubuwa sune sashen Corti, cewa ne tsoka mai amsa sigina na'ura na auditory analyzer.

Bambanci tsakanin analyzer da azanci shine sashin jiki ne analyzer na'am da bayanai daga azanci shine Gabar da na'am da shi daga waje duniya.

Ginshikai na sauti ji

katantanwa da taya tashar hawa da sauka dauki stapes, wanda ya ginu ne a kan m taga membrane. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa hawa da sauka a cikin primary membrane rawa zaruruwa. Ciki har da babban farar sauti hanyar vibrations na gajeren fibrils, wanda aka located a tushe na cochlea, yayin da low farar Yanã hawa da sauka ne a saman dogon fibrils. Gashi Kwayoyin a lokaci guda a taba rufe membrane, canza da siffar.

Gashi Kwayoyin, Magana game da shafi na membrane canji siffar. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa zumudi yana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa mesencephalon a cikin nau'i na hatsaisai na auditory jijiya zaruruwa, kuma mafi in ji zone na cerebral bawo na boko lobe, inda zumudi shiga auditory abin mamaki. The mutum kunne iya gane sauti mita iyaka 20-20000 Hz.

Ji Lafiya Authority

Don ajiye a jita-jita, wajibi ne su hana inji lalacewar da eardrum. Kunnen canal da su da kunnuwa dole ne a kiyaye tsabta. Idan kunnuwa ake tara ragi na sulfur, shi wajibi ne don tuntubar wani gwani. Strong da kuma m amo da detrimental sakamako a kan sashin jiki na ji. Yana da muhimmanci sosai mu bi da colds a dace hanya, kamar yadda a cikin tympanic rami ta cikin eustachian tube iya shiga jikin kwayoyin cutar da tsokane kumburi. Mun sake nazari analyzers da mutum ji gabobin.

sauran analyzers

Akwai ma tactile, gustatory kuma olfactory analyzers. Kira touch fusata fata da dama rabe. Ku ɗanɗani rabe dokoki na gefe rabu dandano analyzer (harshenka, na baka mucosa). A mafi girma cibiyoyinsu a cikin kwakwalwa. Olfactory analyzer sami bayanai daga rabe dake a cikin hanci mucosa. The ji na wari a cikin mutane ɓullo da mafi weakly, sabanin dabbobi.

Ban sha'awa aiki na vestibular na'ura, iko da matsayi da kuma fuskantarwa na jiki a cikin sarari. Age da kuma jinsi shafi yadda ya dace da analyzers. Alal misali, mata suna da mafi cigaba ji na wari da kuma ji na tabarau. Men dandana buds aiki mafi alhẽri.

Tamanin da ma'ana gabobin da kuma analyzers

Wadannan gabobi suke da muhimmanci sosai ga dan Adam. Ba tare da su, zai zama da wuya ga tsira. Wanda aka talauci ɓullo da wani ji sashin jiki ko analyzer siffofin an lura a ci gaba da kuma ji na duniya. Ba su Orient kansu a cikin sarari. Motor ayyuka sosai.