Hujja na asalin mutum daga dabbobi. A sabon ka'idar asalin mutum

Evidence mutum daga dabba asalin ƙarshe tabbatar da ka'idar juyin halitta daga Charles Darwin. tsarin ra'ayoyi kan anthropogenesis, wanda ya fara da nunawa a zamanin da, ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje a kan lokaci.

Biology: Human Origins

Aristotle yi imani da cewa magabatan Homo sapiens ne dabbobi. Tare da wannan ra'ayi ya amince da masanin kimiyyar Galen. Tsakanin mutum da dabbobi sun mallaki birai. Koyarwarsu ci gaba a san taxonomist Karl Linney. Ya ware fitar da ya dace irin tare da kawai irin "mutum mai hikima". Zhan Batist Lamark da shawarar cewa shi ne shi ya kasance wani muhimmin factor a anthropogenesis. A mafi gagarumin taimako ga koyarwar Darwin ya sanya, ambatawa tabbacin da asalin mutum daga dabbobi.

Anthropogenesis wuri a cikin da dama m matakai. Wannan tsoho, tsoho da kuma farkon zamani mutane. Bugu da ƙari, akwai shaida cewa sun zamani da juna, da gasar rayayye. A mafi tsoho mutane ba su gina gidaje, amma sun iya samar da kayayyakin aiki, Ya sanya daga dutse da ya farkon jawabin. The Next Generation - a Nearnderthal. Suka zauna a kungiyoyin, sun iya yin tufafi daga dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun da kayan aikin yi daga kashi. Cro-Magnons - na farko zamani mutane, ya rayu a kai gina gidajensu ko kogwanni. Sun riga koya kumar kasko, ya fara domesticate dabbobin daji da kuma girma shuke-shuke. Evidence juyin canje-canje ne sakamakon bincike akan burbushin halitta tono, da kamance a embryology, Anatomy da ilimin halittar jiki na mutum da dabbobi.

Found burbushin halittu

Masana kimiyya sun dade sha'awar a cikin wannan topic. Asalin mutum daga dabbobi da farko tabbatar da burbushin samu ta hanyar kimiyya. Daga cikin su akwai jinsunan kama da na zamani, da kuma tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Alal misali, Archeopteryx - yascheroptitsa. Ga wani mutum shi avtralo- da driopithecus. A general, shaidar kasusuwan da shawara cewa kwayoyin duniya tare da nassi na lokaci zama mafi rikitarwa. A sakamakon wannan ci gaba ne da zamani mutum.

shaida biogeography

Gaskiyar cewa mutum ya samu daga gare su birai, da kuma nuna shaidar kimiyya da cewa karatu rarraba da Earth ciyayi da kuma dabbobi. ta kira biogeography. Masana kimiyya sun gano wani tabbataccen juna: live ra'ayi na zama ruwan dare yankunan na duniya da cewa su ne sosai daban-daban daga wasu kuma suna samu ne kawai a cikin wasu kewayo. Aiwatar da su ci gaba kamar yadda idan dakatar. Irin wannan nau'in kira relict. Misalan sun ha] a platypus a Australia, Tuatara a New Zealand, bilobate ginkgo a kasar Sin da kuma Japan. A Anthropology, ma, suna da wata look. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa asirai na yanayi - a snowman.

The kama daga amfrayo ci gaba

Hujja na asalin mutum daga dabba haddasawa da kuma embryology. Suna dogara ne da farko a kan cewa jinsuna daban da irin wannan fasali na da amfrayo ci gaba. Saboda haka, tãyuna dukkan chordates kama a ilimin Halittar Jiki da morphological tsarin. Bã su da wani notochord, na tsarin jijiya tube da gill slits a makogwaro. Kuma a cikin tsari na ci gaba, kowanne daga cikinsu daukan kan mutum halaye. A cikin mutane, na tsarin jijiya tube an canza kama zuwa kwakwalwa da kuma laka, da tsirkiya a cikin sassan da kwarangwal, kuma gill slits ne overgrown, kyale sauki ci gaba.

Comparative-ilimin Halittar Jiki shaida

Features na ciki tsarin kwayoyin da aka ma karatu ilmin halitta. Asalin mutum da dabbobi ya tabbatar da kowa kamance na mutane da dabbobi tsarin. Wasu hukumomin ne homologue. Bã su da wani na kowa tsarin, sai dai ya sami daban-daban ayyuka. Alal misali, shi ne gaban reshe tsuntsu, flippers na like da hannun mutum ba. A cikin mutane, akwai rudimentary, underdeveloped gabobin, wanda a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta suka rasa aikin darajar. Wannan hikima hakora, coccygeal kashi, da uku fatar ido, tsokoki da cewa matsar da kunnuwa da propelling gashi. Idan a cikin aiwatar da tayi ci gaban da ke faruwa cuta, wadannan gabobin zai iya ci gaba isasshe. Irin wannan sabon abu ne ake kira atavism. Misalai daga gare su multimammate, m bayyanar gashi, underdevelopment na kwakwalwa bawo, bayyanar da wutsiya.

The kama da karyotypes

Auren ma ya nuna cewa mutum ya samu daga gare su birai. Da farko, shi ne mai diploid sa na chromosomes. A birai , ya shi ne 48, yayin da wakilan da Homo sapiens - 46. Wannan shi ne undeniable hujja na asalin mutum daga dabbobi. A 13th biyu daga chromosomes ne irin wannan. Bugu da ƙari, kama a cikin amino acid jerin sunadarai na gina jiki da mutum da gwaggwon biri ya kai 99%.

Mataki na a ci gaba da

Charles Darwin tsara da nazarin halittu da kuma zamantakewa dalilai na ci gaba da mutum. Na farko da kungiyar hada da gwagwarmayar zama, zabin yanayi da kuma kayyade bambancin. A kan su akai, ci gaba na zamantakewa dalilai - ikon aiki, zamantakewa da rayuwa, ma'ana magana, kuma m tunani. Charles Darwin zaton haka.

A wannan yanayin, na zamani, mutum ya samu irin wannan fasali da wanda ya isa pinnacle juyin halitta. Wannan karuwa a cerebral da kuma rage fuska yankin na kwanyar, thorax, mĩƙe a dorsoventrally. Manyan hannun mutum yatsa tsayayya wa wasu da ake dangantawa da ikon yin aiki. An muhimmanci canji ya kasance da kuma tafiya da kafa biyu. Saboda haka, yana da kashin baya hudu m lanƙwasa, da kuma kafa shi ne arched. Yana bayar da cushioning yayin tuki. Ƙasusuwan kafafuwa dauka nau'i na bowls, kamar yadda ya ji da matsa lamba na duk kayan ciki. A dangane da zuwan magana tasowa a cikin maƙogwaro cartilages da jijiyoyin sun hadu.

Akwai wani sabon ka'idar da asalin mutum. A cewar wannan mutumin ne ya sauko daga gare su birai da Miocene. Its peculiarity shi ne cewa har ƙasa ne miliyoyin shekaru rayu a cikin ruwa. The shaida wannan ka'idar shi ne mutum na ikon rike su numfashin na dogon lokaci, inspiratory kuma riƙe a kan surface. A cikin 'yan shekarun zama Popular ruwa haihuwa. Proponents wannan hanyar imani da cewa yaro ne yafi dadi a cikin yanayi a wadda ta kasance a lokacin daukar ciki.

A duniyar da yawa na masu magoya baya da kuma masu adawa da ka'idar asalin mutum daga dabbobi. Duk da haka, hujja da wannan tsarin ra'ayoyi kan anthropogenesis isasshe da yawa da kuma tabbatacce.