Darwin ta ka'idar juyin halitta

Darwin ta ka'idar juyin halitta - daya daga cikin manyan theories na ci gaba da gudanar da duniya. Kamar yadda Darwin, da tuki sojojin juyin halitta - zabin halitta ', bambancin, gādonsa. New bayyanar cututtuka bayyana a cikin ayyuka da kuma tsarin da kwayoyin dangane da canzawa. A karshen ne a takamaiman da bai tabbata ba. A wasu (directional) canzawa faruwa a lokacin da muhalli da yanayi da irin wannan tasiri a kan duk ko mafi yawansu wani irin na mutane. An ba da genetically gyarawa a gaba zamaninsu. A wasu mutane akwai iya undetermined (undirected) canje-canje da suke da bazuwar da hereditary. M canzawa ne daga iri biyu - da kuma combinative maye gurbi. A cikin farko idan a lokacin meiosis a cikin samuwar zurriyarsu akwai sabon haduwa da uba da kuma uwa chromosomes musayar sassa wanda wani lokacin, kuma tare da kowane tsara hade da genes ƙaruwa. A karshen harka, da kayyade tsarin modified kwayoyin: adadin chromosomes, su tsarin ko gene tsari.

Darwin ta ka'idar juyin halitta da kuma membobinta yi imani da cewa canje-canje a cikin jiki ne fallasa zuwa yanayi. A sakamakon zabin yanayi, da rayuwa daga zurriyar dako na amfani fasali da cewa sun taso a sakamakon recombination ko gene maye gurbi. A selection ne key factor a cikin juyin halitta, Yanã da samuwar nau'in kwayoyin. Yana za a iya bayyana a siffofi uku: tuki, tabbatar da dorewar kuma ansu kafofin tarwatsa. A farko kaiwa zuwa fitowan da sabon adaptations. Mafi kusantar su bar zuriyarsu ne samuwa ga mutane cewa sun canza a kan wasu akai, idan aka kwatanta da talakawan darajar. A karo na biyu form, adana karbuwa kafa a akai muhalli da yanayi. A wannan yanayin, a wani yawan mutane adana ciwon wani talakawan darajar halaye. A wani uku nau'i na m canje-canje a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da matsakaici ne da ya faru na polymorphism. Wancan ne, selection na faruwa a biyu ko fiye iri sabawa.

Darwin ta ka'idar juyin halitta ya nuna cewa, babban tuki da karfi na ci gaba - zabin yanayi. Yanzu a sakamakon interbreeding, don samar da sabon iri alƙarya. Theory amfani da wani iri-iri na tarbiyya, ciki har da tarihi (Karl Marx) da kuma ilimin halin dan Adam (Sigmund Freud).

A zamani ka'idar juyin halitta ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Ba kamar da asali Darwin ka'idar, shi a fili kasaftawa na farko tsarin (na da yawan), tare da wanda juyin halitta ya fara. A zamani ka'idar wani karin muhawwara, shi ne mai basira bayyanannu, kuma fassara da tuki da sojojin da kuma dalilai, nuna rubutu da manyan da qananan. An na farko buɗi na tsari ne mai ci canji a genotype alƙarya. Babban aiki na zamani da ka'idar ne nazari na inji juyin matakai, da ikon hango ko hasashen canji.

Darwin ta ka'idar juyin halitta ne da nasaba, da ka'idar da biochemical juyin halitta, wadda ta ƙunshi a gaskiyar cewa na farko da gudanar da mahadi a cikin samuwar taurari aka hydrocarbons kafa daga sauki mahadi a cikin teku. A sakamakon kara hydrocarbon mahadi da yawan sinadaran abubuwa kafa hadaddun kwayoyin abubuwa. Wadannan matakai sun samo asali a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m hasken rana radiation da lantarki jini walƙiya, ware da ake bukata adadin ultraviolet radiation. Tara teku organics ɓullo da karfi kwayoyin shaidu da suke resistant zuwa tareda žata effects na ultraviolet radiation. Bayan wani dogon juyin halitta na carbon mahadi rayuwa ya tashi. A ka'idar da biochemical juyin ɓullo da Alekseem Oparinym, Stenli Millerom, John Haldane da sauransu.