Ancient gwaggwon biri daga wanda mutum ya samu

Ya kama da birai lura, mai yiwuwa, kuma m mutane. Amma, da samun karin kuma mafi m image wani mutum kokarin ba wa gane da biri ko gorilla kamar ya kama, saboda ya sauri gane kansa a matsayin da kambi na halitta m mahalicci. Lokacin da aka ka'idar juyin halitta, ake sa ran a cikin na farko mahada Primate asalin Homo sapiens, suka gana da kãfirci, kuma sau da yawa maƙiya. Ancient birai samu a farkon pedigree wasu English ubangijina, ya gane a cikin mafi kyau dara. Yau, kimiyya ya gano kai tsaye magabatan mu jinsin da suka rayu da miliyan 25 da suka wuce.

magabata

Don ce cewa mutane sun samo asali ne daga birrai, daga ra'ayi na zamani Anthropology - da kimiyya mutum, ya fito, aka dauke su ba daidai ba. Jinsunan mutane sun samo asali daga pervolyudey (an kira su hominids), wanda shi ne matuƙa, daban-daban nazarin halittu jinsunan, maimakon wani biri. Da farko prachelovek - Australopithecus - bayyana 6.5 miliyan shekaru da suka wuce, da kuma zamanin da biri zama mu kowa da zamani mai birai m - game da miliyan 30 da suka wuce.

Hanyar na nazarin burbushin ya rage - kadai suke dashi shaida na zamanin d dabbobi - an kullum ana inganta. A mafi tsufa biri sau da yawa za classified da wani ɓaɓɓake daga muƙamuƙi ko daya hakori. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin makirci juyin halittar mutum akwai sabon raka'a cewa gaba da] aukacin hoto. Kawai a cikin XXI karni, fiye da dozin irin wannan abubuwa samu a daban-daban yankuna na duniya.

rarrabuwa

Wadannan zamani Anthropology kullum updated, abin da ya sa sabawa a cikin rarrabuwa jinsin ga abin da mutum kawai ne. Wannan ya shafi karin cikakken raka'a, jimlar tsarin da ya rage unshakable. A cewar 'yan ra'ayoyi, mutumin da nasa ne da aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsari na mannyan birai, suborder Wadannan birai, da hominid iyali, ko tsoho, irin da subspecies na Homo sapiens (Nomo sapiens).

Nau'in mafi kusa "dangi" na wani mutum - wani batu na m muhawara. Daya wani zaɓi zai yi kama da wannan:

• Group of mannyan birai:
  • Prosimians.
  • Wadannan birai:
    • Dolgopyatova.
    • Na New World.
    • Tsohon World:
      • Karami birai.
      • hominids:
        • ponginae:
          • Orang-utan.
          • Borneysky Orang-utan.
          • Yankin Sumatra Orang-utan.
      • hominin:
        • gwaggon biri:
          • Yammacin gorilla.
          • Eastern gorilla.
        • biri:
          • Common biri.
          • Gajeren biri.
        • mutane:
          • Homo sapiens.

Asalin da birai

Kayyade daidai lokacin da wuri na asali na birai, kazalika da yawa wasu jinsunan, akwai kamar sauka a hankali image bayyana a Polaroids. Samu a fagage daban-daban na duniya sun fashe gaba da] aukacin hoto, wanda aka zama bayarda. A lokaci guda gane cewa juyin halitta ba a mike layin - shi ne wajen kama daji inda da yawa rassan matattu iyakar. Saboda haka, har da gina a kalla a kashi na da tafarki a zahiri daga m dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa primatopodobnyh Nomo sapiens ne har yanzu nisa, amma akwai da dama da tunani da maki.

Purgatorius - kananan, babu girma fiye da linzamin kwamfuta, dabba zauna a itatuwa, ciyar a kan kwari a Upper Cretaceous da Paleogene lokaci (100-60 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce). Masana kimiyya sun sa shi a saman sarkar juyin halitta na mannyan birai. Ya samu kawai farkon ãyõyi (ilimin Halittar Jiki, halayya, da dai sauransu), Halayyar na birai: mun gwada manyan tarar da kwakwalwarmu, da biyar yatsunsu a kan wata gabar jiki, da ƙananan haihuwa tare da rashi na kiwo kakar, omnivorous, da sauransu.

fara hominids

Ancient gwaggwon biri, anthropoid kakanninsa, bar burbushi daga marigayi Oligocene (33-23 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce). Suka har yanzu riƙe da sifofin na Old World birai tashe da binciken burbushin a ƙananan matakin: short kunne canal, located a waje, a wasu jinsunan - gaban wutsiya, babu specialization reshe rabbai da kuma wasu siffofin da kwarangwal tsarin a cikin wuyan hannaye da kafafunsu.

Daga cikin wadannan burbushin dabbobi daga cikin tsofaffin dauke prokonsulidy. Features na tsarin da hakora, rabbai da kuma girma na kwanyar da wani ƙara dangi zuwa wasu sassa na ta kwakwalwa sashen ba da damar masana kimiyya-masana burbushin halitta prokonsulidov dangana ga humanoid. Don irin wannan m birai suna proconsuls, kalepiteki, geliopiteki, nyanzapiteki da sauransu. Wadannan sunayen sun samu mafi yawa daga sunayen Gwargwadon raka'a, kusa da burbushin taragutsan da aka samo.

Rukvapitek

Mai sami mafi tsoho ƙasũsuwa fannin binciken burbushin halitta yi a nahiyar Afrika. A watan Fabrairu 2013, an bayar da rahoton paleoprimatologov masana kimiyya daga Amurka, Australia da kuma Tanzania a kan sakamakon tono a cikin Rukwa kwarin a kudu maso yammacin Tanzania. Suka sami wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi da hudu hakora - ragowar halittun da suka rayu a can ne 25,2 miliyan years ago - da cewa wannan shi ne da shekaru da dutse inda find da aka gano.

A cikin bayani na tsarin da muƙamuƙi da kuma hakora da aka samu ya zama ma'abũcin na zuwa wani m anthropoid birai na iyali prokonsulidov. Rukvapitek - don haka magabacin hominids an mai suna, mafi tsufa m birai, saboda ya miliyan 3 shekaru girmi wani gano har 2013 paleoprimatov. Akwai sauran ra'ayin, amma su suna da alaka da cewa masana kimiyya da dama suka yi ĩmãni prokonsulidov ma m halittu domin ayyana su gaskiya anthropoid. Amma wannan tambaya na rarrabuwa, daya daga cikin mafi rigima a kimiyya.

driopithecus

A wannan zamanin ma'aunan kasa sediments Miocene (12-8 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce), a Gabashin Afrika, Turai da kuma China da aka samu ragowar dabbobi da cewa masana kimiyya a fannin binciken burbushin sanya rawar da juyin reshe na prokonsulidov to wadannan hominids. Driopithecus (Greek "Drios." - itace) - abin da ake kira zamanin d gwaggwon biri wanda ya zama magabata na chimpanzee, gwaggon biri kuma mutane. Aukuwar kuma Dating ƙyale mu mu fahimci cewa wadannan birai duba sosai kama da zamani chimpanzee sun kafa a cikin sararin, yawan, na farko a Afirka, sa'an nan kuma bazu ko'ina Turai da Eurasia.

An karuwa da game da 60 cm, wadannan dabbobi suna kokarin matsawa da ƙananan wata gabar jiki, amma mafi yawa rayu a kan itatuwa da kuma yana da dogon "makamai". Ancient driopithecus biri ci berries da 'ya'yan itace, kamar haka daga tsarin da molars cewa yana da ba sosai lokacin farin ciki enamel Layer. Wannan za a iya gani driopithecus bayyananne dangantaka da mutumin, da kuma gaban da-raya canine hakora sa su uniquely hominid m da sauran - chimpanzee da gwaggon biri.

Gigantopithecus

A 1936, da dama m biri hakora bazata fadi a hannun masana binciken burbushin halittu, vaguely humanlike. Sun zama wani dalili ga abin da ya faru na versions na su data kasance kayayyaki daga wani ba a sani ba reshe na juyin magabatan mutum. Babban dalilin fitowan da irin theories ya aras size da hakora - sun kasance sau biyu kamar yadda da yawa hakora gorilla. Masana sun kiyasta ya bayyana cewa su masu da wani girma fi 3 mita!

dukan muƙamuƙi da irin wannan hakora, da kuma zamanin da biri ƙattin na macabre rudu zama hujjar kimiyya ya aka gano a shekaru 20. Bayan mafi daidaiton Dating na gano cewa, shi ya bayyana cewa babbar birai wanzu a lokaci guda kamar yadda Pithecanthropus (a Girkanci "pitekos." - biri) - gwaggwon biri, da cewa shi ne, game da miliyan 1 da suka wuce. An shawarar cewa su - kai tsaye adam magabatansu da hannu a cikin bacewar mafi girma ga dukan data kasance a cikin duniya da birai.

herbivorous Refayawa

Analysis da muhalli a cikin abin da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na giant ƙasũsuwa da aka samu, da kuma binciken da kanta jaws da hakora bayyana cewa babban abinci ga Gigantopithecus bauta bamboo da kuma sauran ciyayi. Amma akwai lokatan lokuta gano a cikin kogo, inda suka samu, ƙashi na daga birai, dodanni, ƙahonin da hooves, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a dauki kansu a matsayin omnivores. Duk da yake akwai, da kuma giant dutse kayan aikin.

Yana bi da ma'ana ƙarshe: Gigantopithecus - tsoho gwaggwon biri girma na har zuwa 4 mita da kuma yin la'akari game da rabin ton - wani reshe na unrealized hominization. An gano cewa lokacin su nau'i nau'i zo daidai da bacewar wasu humanoid Refayawa - Afirka Australopithecines. Dalili mai yiwuwa - climatic events cewa sun zama m domin manyan hominids.

Bisa ga theories da ake kira cryptozoologists (Greek: "Kryptos." - m, boye), wasu mutane Gigantopithecus tsira da mu sau, kuma akwai a wuya-da yankunan da Duniya ta mutane, bada Yunƙurin ga labari na "yeti", Yeti, Bigfoot, almasty da sauransu.

White spots a cikin tarihinsa na Homo sapiens

Duk da ci gaba a halittar mutum, a juyin sarkar, inda da farko wuri ne shagaltar da zamanin d birai, daga wanda akwai wani mutum, akwai kasawa zaunanniya har zuwa miliyan daya da shekaru. Suna bayyana a cikin rashi na links tare da kimiyya - kayyade, microbiological, kwayoyin, da dai sauransu -. Tabbatar da dangantaka da baya da kuma m jinsunan hominids.

Babu shakka cewa sannu a hankali wadannan farin spots a cikin tarihin na asalin mutum zai bace, da kuma abin mamaki na wani Extraterrestrial ko allahntaka farkon mu wayewa, wanda aka lokaci-lokaci sanar a kan liyãfa tashoshi da kõme ba yi da real kimiyya.