Mene ne daban-daban na karfe. Bayani na Alamun

Karfe - mafi yawa kungiyar na karafa amfani, da kuma lakabtawa dogara da rarrabuwa na kungiyar.

Mene ne daban-daban na karfe

Bayani alama ta fara da tabbatar da dalilin da ta farko kungiyar zuwa ga makõma. Bambanta da kungiyoyin steels: tsarin, yi, kayan aiki, tare da musamman Properties (zafi-resistant, zafi-resistant da kuma high-ƙarfi).

Na tsarin karfe kerarre inji sassa, birgima, welded yi. Kayan aiki, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna amfani da samar da machining kayan aiki. A musamman irin kayan aiki steels - high-gudun, su ake nufi don aiki a mafi girma lodi. Construction karfe amfani da yafi ga welded Tsarin, da low (0.25%) carbon ciki. A cikin sharuddan abun da ke ciki kama gini.

tsarin karfe

A abun da ke ciki, sun kasu kashi gami da carbon, cewa shi ne, tare da musamman Additives kuma ba tare da su. A gami karfe kamata dauke da akalla 45% na baƙin ƙarfe. An muhimmanci alama ne gaban extraneous ba na ƙarfe ba impurities a resultant gami - sulfur, phosphorus da sauransu. Fiye da su kasa dauke da, da mafi alheri da dauke karfe. A total akwai 4 ingancin kungiyoyin:

A karshen nadi iya jẽfa, irin gami deoxidation (deacidification - kau na oxygen daga karfe abun da ke ciki): ruwan (KP), Semi-kashe (PS), m (SP). "SP" The index ne yawanci ba a nuna.

A general, da dikodi mai steels na zuwa Groups doped, za a iya wakilta kamar haka:

- [carbon abun ciki] [alloying abubuwa] [deoxidation Hanyar] [ƙarin bayani], cikinsa da carbon abun ciki da aka rubuta a hundredths na wani kashi.

Alloying abubuwa suna nuna yadda mai hade da rubuta da kuma adadin a yawan. Idan abun ciki na kashi a cikin gami shi ne kasa da kashi daya, da adadin da aka ba a kayyade ba. A halin yanzu inclusions wadannan tsarin rubutu da aka yi amfani da: .. N - nickel, X - Chrome, C - silica, titanium - T, manganese - T, U - aluminum, da dai sauransu. Alal misali, karfe 09G2S aka hada da 0,09% carbon, 2% na manganese da silicon a wani adadin game da 1%. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu ƙarin alamomin steels, deciphering su kamar haka:

1. The "W" a farkon - karfe hali.

2. "L" a karshen - da karfe foundry.

3. "A" a farkon - karfe automaton.

4. The "E" a farkon - lantarki karfe.

Dabam ware gini iri steels. Mabudi ne kamar haka: a farkon, harafin "C" bi ta amfanin ƙasa danniya. Letter "K" na nufin wani version da sinadaran abun da ke ciki, "T" - thermal hardening.

Sa alama steels musamman Properties kama lakabtawa tsarin gami.

kayan aiki steels

Kafin nadi, harafin "Y", bi da carbon sulusi da murabba'i (da ƙaramar yawan carbon ya kamata ba kasa da 0.7%). Tool steels kazalika da tsarin da kuma kasu kashi carbon kuma gami, amma da kawai biyu kungiyoyin na ingancin - inganci da high quality. A karo na biyu idan, a cikin sunan, harafin "A" a karshen nadi. Harafin "D" na nuna wani babban abun ciki na manganese. Deciphering steels game da HSS kayan aiki, shi ne ɗan daban-daban. A farko wuri akwai wani nadi na dukan kungiyar - harafin "P" (daga English Kalmar "m" - m), sa'an nan da lambar nuna babban alloying bangaren - tungsten (wasika nadi ne tsallake).

Note makera steelmaking

Domin high quality gami a karshen bayanin da hanyar samar da steels, bidiyon dikodi masana'antu hanyoyin da ake gabatar a kasa. Wadannan lambobin an sanya a karshen nadi: VD - injin baka. W - electroslag. El - electron masaƙa. VI - injin shigar da.