Harald Hardrada, na karshe Sarkin Vikings: biography, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Wanda ya rayu a karni na XI Sarkin Norway Harald III tsananin, wanda kuma aka sani a matsayin Harald Hardrada, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m wadanada a lokacinsa. A cikin matasa ya aka kõre su daga ƙasarsa ta kasar, sa'an nan ya ciyar a shekaru masu yawa a cikin gudun hijira, da wadata haya. Harald bauta a Rasha da kuma Rum. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Norway, ya samu saboda shi kursiyin. Bayan haka, tare da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na nasara konung na yi yaƙi da dukan da makwabta. Ya karshe yakin da aka saukowa a Ingila. Mutuwar Harald a Albion alama karshen wani zamanin Turai Viking hare-hare (domin wannan dalilin shi ne sau da yawa ake kira "karshe Viking sarki").

yara

Uba Harald III ya Sigurd Syr - konung Ringerike kananan mulki a gabashin Norway. Almara Viking aka haife game da 1015. Yana da rabin-wa Olaf Ii. A 1015-1028 gg. cewa dan uwan ya dauki kursiyin Sarkin dukan Norway. Olaf ta sarautar rayayye ciyar Sigurd.

Daga farkon yara, Harald Hardrada san shi da combative da uncompromising hali. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, halaye sosai mai daraja da Vikings. Suna da amfani Harald a shekaru 15. A 1030 Olaf aka kashe, hambararren contender for ikon gidan estridsen Knud (daga baya lakabi da Great). Hukunci a cikin yaki da aka yakin Stiklastdire. Olaf ya rasa ransa, kuma Harald Hardrada ji rauni. Ya gudanar ya tsere da gudu zuwa kasar Sweden.

fashi

Samun rasa mahaifarsa, Harald da kuma a kasashen waje ya fara yin abin da ya aikata mafi kyau. Ya tattara nasa tawagar kuma tare da shi suka fara bauta wa a Yaroslava Mudrogo. The sojojin ma sun shiga cikin shahararrun warrior Eyliv Ragnvaldson. Prince of Kiev a lokacin yake yaƙi da Poland, da kuma taimaka wa Vikings zama babban taimako a gare shi. Bisa ga Scandinavian sagas, Harald Hardrada shi ne mutum na biyu a cikin sojojin bayan mafi Yaroslav.

Yana aiki skalds ba mafi cikakken hoto na rayuwar wata Viking waje Norway. A cikin baka na sagas "Circle da Earth" ne takardar shaidar da sabis na Harald da Byzantine sarki. Michael IV Paphlagonian Harald kunshe a cikin Elite Varangian Guard. Karkashin kulawa a Norwegian ɗari biyar shahararren warriors. A sabis na Helenawa suka yi yaƙi da Harald Rum fashi. A 1036-1040 gg. ya kasance a cikin sojojin Georgiya Maniaka. Wannan sojojin yi a Sicily, inda akwai wani yaki da Normans wanda zauna a can.

Kubuta daga Rum

A karshe manyan yakin Harald a cikin sabis na daular kasance da danniya na Bulgarian tawaye a 1041. A cewar labari, shugaban 'yan tawaye Bitrus II Delyan aka kaina kashe Norwegian Vikings. A shekara, Harald III Hardrada Konstantinoful dauki bangare a wani fada juyin mulki. Sa'an nan, ya, wanda ya auku a cikin kunya, ya gudu daga Rum.

A cewar daban-daban versions, Viking dauki tsari ko dai a Kiev ko Novgorod. A nasa sa'a, ya iya kai daga Girka duk da kudi da suka tsirfanta. Kamar yadda shugaban na Guard, ya tara wani babba jimla. Duk wadannan duwatsu masu daraja da zinariya aka kuma kiyaye a Rasha.

Rayuwa a Rasha

A 1043 Yaroslav Mudry Harald aiko tare da dansa, sarkin Novgorod, Vladimir, a cikin wani yakin da Byzantine Empire, wanda sai mallakar Constantine Monomakh. Wannan yakin da aka m. Rasha sojojin ruwa ya sha wahala mai tsanani shan kashi. Mutu 6000 mayakan. Harald da Vladimir gudanar ya tsira kuma komawa zuwa Kiev.

Wannan guda hunturu Norwegian auri 'yar Yaroslava Mudrogo Elizabeth. Su 'ya'ya biyu (Ingigerd da Mary). Af, da Viking Kirista. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin tsofaffin hadisai na arna da a Scandinavia har yanzu ba su tafi. Saboda haka, Harald kuwa ƙwarƙwarar da Attaura. Daga shi ne aka haifa nan gaba Norwegian King Magnus II kuma III Olaf zaman lafiya.

Sake a Norway

A kudi tattara a lokacin da sabis a Byzantine Empire, a yarda Harald da tattara a karfi da sojojin, kuma tare da shi su dawo gida. A Norway, sa'an nan da dokoki ba bulala, da kuma wanda zai gaje shi Magnus Dobry. Harald, ya kasance da dan. Bugu da kari a Norway, Denmark Magnus mulki. Shan amfani da wannan, ya abokin sanya wani ƙawance da nema a kan hukumomi a makwabciyar kasar, Sven Estridsenom. Magnus gane cewa irin wannan hadin gwiwa ya ba zai iya jimre, ya miƙa su zama co-regent da ya kawu. Harald tsananin amince.

A shekara, bayan an kammala yarjejeniyar, Magnus ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu. Harald Hardrada da Sarauniya Elizabeth a Norway ya zama kasar sarauta biyu. A sabon tafin kafa mulkin tsunduma a karfafa ciki da kwanciyar hankali a jihar. Monarch sane da muhimmancin riba ciniki, da kuma a 1048 kafa saukaka fatake Oslo wuri. Daga baya ya zama babban birnin na dukan na Norway

Duk da haka, da Vikings bai isa ba. Magnus mallakar da kuma Denmark, duk da haka, ya gãdar da ita kambi Sven Estridsenu. Harald, mafarkin na ha dukan na Scandinavia, ya ayyana yaki kan maƙwabcinsa. The Danes sun m adawar. Sun sha wahala da yawa kashi, da Norwegians ko ƙone a manyan ciniki gari Hedeby. A 1062 Sven aka ci a cikin sojan ruwa yaki da kuma shamefully gudu. Amma duk da dukan da ci gaba, Harald bai zama Sarkin Denmark. Don shi maƙiya a matsayin talakawa mutane na kasar, ya kuma san shi. Farga cewa aikin banza ne ta da'awar, Harald Hardrada kammala tare da Sven duniya.

karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ikon

Harald suka yi jihãdi ba kawai a Denmark amma kuma daga Sweden. A 1063 a haddin shari'a ƙarya sarki nobility bude a Norway. Yaren mutanen Sweden monarch goyon bayan 'yan tawayen earls. Harald, ko ba ta lashe Denmark, ba zai daina abin da aka rightfully mallakar shi. Har ila yau a 1063, ya karya da kawancen sojoji da kuma 'yan tawayen na Swedes a yakin Vänern.

Suppressing wani alamu na 'yan adawa ga ikonsa, tsananin ya ba jin kunya a kafofin watsa labarai da kuma nuna keta. A lokacin da ya Norwegian earls kuma m 'yan ƙasa karo na farko gaba daya ƙarƙashin da sarauta da iko. Duk saba da manufofin King, ciki har da babban haraji da kuma m yaƙe-yaƙe, da suka aka fitar daga kasar ko kuma a hana rai. Ta hanyar karkashin shugabancin tsakiya, Harald Hardrada, na karshe Viking sarki, dadin da goyon bayan da Kirista coci.

Tanã gudãna zuwa Ingila

Samar karfafawa a Norway, da Sarkin iya ciyar da sauran ya kwana lafiya. Amma ina mafarkin ƙara matasa Harald Hardrada? Aure Sarki kuwa ya ba shi makadaici, sabili da haka amince da ci gaba na daular Qing. Duk da haka, da monarch ne har yanzu halin da yaro ardor, mafarkin na sabon nasarar da kuma mika ikonta. Saboda haka, a lokacin da yanayi ya yale shi ya sanar da aniyarsa ga ikon a kasar Birtaniya, ya bai kasa ya dauki amfani da wannan damar.

A lokacin da rayuwar da magabacinsa Harald da Norwegian kursiyin, Magnus, kammala tare da sarki Harthacnut yarjejeniya da zai šauki bayan mutuwar waliyyinsa. A gaskiya na cewa yarjejeniyar da aka ba tabbatar da masana tarihi. Duk da haka, shi ne tare da wannan shawara Harald zo a Albion, manyan ga wani babba sojojin.

mutuwa

Sarkin Ingila a 1066 ya Harold II Godwinson. Yana da su da shi, kuma tsayar Harold. Norwegian konung soja kurum marar da goyon bayan da zargi wa na abokin kokawarsa, Tostig Godwinson. Viking disembarkation ya faru a Arewa na Ingila.

A farko Battle of Fulford, kusa da York, Norwegians ta samu gagarumar nasara. Amma babban rabo ya short-rayu. Bayan kwana biyar (25 ga watan Satumba, 1066) Harald tsananin sha kaye kuma aka kashe a fagen fama, bayan da aka buga a cikin makogwaro da makiya kibiyoyi. A Ingila isa 300 Viking jiragen ruwa. Gudun hijira da aka sani kawai 25. A jikin Sarki kuma ya koma gida. Aka binne shi a Trondheim. A 'yan makonni, Harold II aka hambarar da Godwinson sabon contender ga kursiyin Ingila - Norman William Tanƙwasa.