Tarihi da kuma kafa ranar Saratov

A tarihin Saratov yana da fiye da hudu ƙarni. A wannan lokaci, birnin girma daga wani karamin sansanin soja a cikin Strelets ne da muhimmanci masana'antu cibiyar a Volga yankin. A lokuta daban-daban ya samu dama taguwar ruwa na yawan girma: Tsohon Muminai, da Jamusanci colonists wanda ya nemi kyakkyawar rayuwa na manoma. Saratov - kananan mahaifarsa na da yawa shahararren Figures na Rasha tarihi, ciki har da tsarist Firayim Ministan Petra Stolypina.

iyakar Fort

Bisa ga kullum yarda da fassarar yana dauke da cewa ranar kafuwar Saratov - Yuli 12, 1590. City ya fito a matsayin mai kagara, a hankali samo asali a cikin wani tsanani tabbatarwa daga kudu-maso-gabashin iyakar Rasha. Saboda haka ci gaba gaba da kuma shiri na sararin asashe. Kwanan wata na tushe na birnin Saratov ya zo daidai da wani zagaye na cinikayya ci gaba a kan Volga hanya.

Sansanin soja, wanda aka gina a kan sa'an nan underdeveloped gaba da kogin, shi ne mai iko shãmaki a kan hare-hare na Nogai da Crimean Tatars. M makiyaya tilasta tsarist gwamnatin kusan lokaci guda gina Samara, Saratov da Tsaritsyn. Dukan waɗannan birane da aka a kafa uba - Grigory Osipovich Zasekin. Fortifier kere, gogaggen kyaftin, kuma mai gini, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan Figures dangantawa da gamewa ikon a Rasha a kan Volga River. 1590-d (kafa a Saratov) - kwanan wata, shi ne wani muhimmin milestone a cikin wannan tsari. Saboda sansanin soja gudanar ya kafa m dangane da ƙananan kai na na sama kai na da Volga.

kagara Features

Zasekin ƙayyade ba kawai abin da zai zama da kafa ranar Saratov, amma kuma abin da zai zama ainihin wurin gina kagara. Sun zama sauki mararraba a kan Volga River, dake daidai da rabi tsakanin Tsaritsyn a Samara. A farko, a cikin shiri da hidima game da 300 maharba. Next zuwa garin ne a tudun. An yi amfani da matsayin dace dandamali domin fitowa da ƙasa da dama kilomita kusa.

A birnin da aka kare ba kawai kufaifan amma kuma halitta cikas: m gangara, kogin, gandun daji, oxbow tabkuna, kõguna da wani kananan lake. A gefe daya daga cikin halitta iyaka Saratov ya gully. Mun yi kokari da kuma birni magina. A lokacin da ya ga rana na kafa Saratov, a kan wani m wuri kafin akwai ganuwar da watchtowers.

City servitors

A zuciya na sabon shiri nan da nan ya zama Office gwamna. Kusa da ita, wani yadi maharba, shugabanni da sauran sojoji. A sauran birnin shagaltar da gine-gine na 'yan kasuwa da' yan sana'a. Service mutane (ciki har da Gunners) ya rayu kusa da garun birnin, saboda haka cewa a cikin hali na jijjiga nan da nan za a shirya domin kare birnin.

Rabu da sauran gine-gine sun gunpowder cellars, barns, da kuma abinci mai kurkuku. A tallest tsarin wani coci cewa towered kan wasu gine-gine. Saratov kagaggun gina na itace, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai akai hatsarin wuta. Domin cikin aminci daga cikin mazaunan kumar kasko da metallurgical Tanderu kasance a danda filin. Nasara kafa ranar Saratov da yanayi na Lower Volga yankin sun yarda da birnin zuwa girma cikin sauri. Akwai babbar untouched yanki na m ƙasar da kuma m makiyaya. Bortnye arziki farauta filaye da kuma janyo hankalin duk sabon natsuwa.

A ambaliya na yawan

A cikin tarihi na Rasha da mulkin mallaka na Volga ranar kafuwar birnin Saratov ya zama wani muhimmin alama, bi da ambaliya na baƙi zuwa yankin ya ƙara muhimmanci. Service mutane suna tafiya a cikin jeji domin kare kanka da sabon al'amurra da kuma mai kyau albashi. Maharba suka harbe tare da m jiragen ruwa da kuma tafiyar, fafitikar ba kawai tare da nomadic Nogai, amma kuma gangs "barayi 'Cossacks, ZAMBA fatake.

Founder na Grigoriy Zasekin aka nada ta farko gwamnan. Ya kasance a cikin lura da birnin dukan rai da ke da alhakin biyan albashi musketeers. Sauran kwanaki na soja mai kula da harkokin da suka kasance sunã tsunduma a aikin gona, arable noma da dabbobi kiwo. A gaba kalaman na mutanen da suka so su zauna a cikin Saratov, ya bayyana a farkon XVII karni, a lokacin da Rasha jihar tsira a yakin basasar na jini da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland baki.

A Lokaci na matsaloli

A kan backdrop of munin yaki, mazaunan Posada da manoma suka gudu daga cikin hargitsi na tsakiyar larduna tare da Volga. Kwanan wata na samuwar Saratov - 1590, amma shi ne bayan shekaru 20 da ya girma a cikin wani real birni a kudi na gudun hijira. A daidai wannan lokaci da Volga sansanin soja ya jimre dogon zalunci na gida Cossacks, umarta ta daban-daban pretenders (misali Ileyka Muromets Ilya Gorchakov).

A lokacin rani na 1607 akwai wani sabon barazana. A prince Ivan Agusta tattara Cossack detachment Tsaritsin kama da kuma koma sama da Volga. Saratov sojojin sa'an nan ya umarci Vladimir Anichkov Jams da Saburov. The kare sansanin soja tsãwace duk hare-hare da kuma gungu ba da damar ta shiga birnin.

sabon kalubale

Tsarevich Ivan wai gudu zuwa Don, inda ya aka kashe a wani gamuwa da sojojin na arya Dmitry II. Saratov ma a takaice daina yin biyayya da Moscow hukumomin - ikon shi ta kãma da magoya bayan wani ƙãƙalen faɗarsa.

Ba da da ewa duniya za su zo, amma a 1614 da mazauna tã riske wani real bala'i. City ƙone zuwa ga ƙasa. Mutane da yawa mazauna aka kashe da kuma wadanda suka tsira suka gudu zuwa Samara. A hankali, da castle ne har yanzu a mayar. Its Tarurrukan ya zo daidai da na maido da istinbadi dalĩli a Moscow (kursiyin wuce zuwa Romanov daular).

A Volga yankin, A halin yanzu, ci gaba da rayuwa da lardin rayuwa, yanke daga fi girma siyasa sha'awa. Babban taron nan da aka gina sabon birãnensu (misali, da muhimman hakkokin data tushe ne Saratov yankin). Tarihi na yankin a cikin XVII karni, da aka sani ga quite sketchy. A 1636, Adam Olearius ziyarci Saratov - da shugaban na Jamus ofishin jakadancin, ya bar musamman articles game da nan Rasha rayuwa.

shiri girma

A 1674, lokacin da Alexis, Saratov sansanin soja aka koma zuwa wani sabon wuri kusa Sokolova dutsen. A lokacin da Persian yaƙin neman zaɓe , da ya ziyarci Peter I. Saratov Base ya dade a kan. Yanzu birnin yake sannu-sannu girma da kuma masu tasowa. Matafiya bikin ta mike tituna da kuma m shopping arcades. Saratov zama cibiyar kumar kasko, Manufacturing samar, namo hatsi, da na gishiri. The girman kai na gida mutane ya kasance factory cewa kerarre taffeta, Satin da kuma safa. A 1774 a garin farmaki a detachment na Emelyana Pugacheva. Ya tawaye ya riga a kan ta karshe kafafu. Ataman aka kama guda fall kusa Saratov.

Girmancin na birnin da kuma wasu garuruwa sun gudummawar gonaki, shugabanni da 'yan kasuwa. New mazauna zo da spontaneously. Wadannan Baƙi sun gudu da serfs na gidan haya. Na zauna jam'i taso a kusa da Haikalin (msl, nan gaba Hvalynsk). A tsakiyar karni XVIII, shi ya rayu fiye da 200 da mutane dubu a cikin Saratov yankin. A wannan lokacin, da birnin da aka gina wani sabon shiri ma'aikata da hannu a gishiri samar a kan wani lake Elton.

cibiyar lardin

Zai yiwu Saratov a yau ba zai zama haka manyan shiri, idan har yanzu ba Catherine II hannu da umarni a kan muhallinsa a cikin gida gefen dissenters. Tsohon Muminai kafa da yawa ƙauyuka, ciki har da Balakovo da Pugachev. A ci gaba da ya faru a Saratov a kudu maso yammacin, inda sabon na zama yankunan bayyana. A 1803, birnin yana da farko gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan zamanin Catherine II, lardin cibiyar ya malale, lokacin da Jamus mulkin mallaka.

A watan Julin 1782 Saratov lardin aka kafa. Har 1850 shi ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin dukan na Rasha. A Saratov da kewaye yankin sun nemi mutane daga tsakiyar gundumomi, inda akwai wata kasawa na ƙasar. Bugu da kari a Rasha da kuma Jamus mulkin mallaka zaunar da su a yankin Ukrainians Mordvinians Tatars. Bisa ga 1897 ƙidaya, a cikin Saratov lardin rayu miliyan 2.5, kuma wannan adadi ya wuce miliyan 3 a kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na farko. Girmancin tsaya kawai saboda zubar da jini da kuma m juyi. The yawan Saratov ne 242 dubu mutane. Da shi shi ne mafi girma a birnin a cikin dukan Volga yankin (mafi Kazan, Astrakhan, Samara da Nizhny Novgorod).

Saratov Stolypin

Mutane da yawa jan hankali a Saratov da kewaye yankin suna da alaka Petrom Stolypinym (1862-1911), watakila ya fi shahara 'yan qasar. Shahararren dattaku Nicholas II zamanin shekaru da dama da rike matsayin firayin ministan kasar Rasha. Ya kasance da babban Mafarin sake fasalin a cikin lokaci na Tsarist Duma. HanyarSa siyasa ya fara a ƙasarsa ta Saratov - a 1903 ya nada shi gwamnan Saratov. A shekarar 1906, ya zama ministan cikin gida da kuma bar birnin, inda da zarar ziyarci kawai masu zuwa.

Stolypin aka kashe bayan da aka harbe a wata Kiev wasan kwaikwayo. A kujera a kan wanda ya zauna bayan da m buga wani harsashi sa a cikin Saratov yankin gidan kayan gargajiya. Har ila yau a garin ne a hoto na Firayim Ministan, fentin da babban Rasha artist Iley Repinym. A 2002 ya zo na farko a Saratov a Rasha a yau Stolypin tunawa.

Soviet masana'antu

Saboda farko Duniya da kuma yakin basasa, noma, Saratov muhimmanci kaskanta. Kawai bayan da ta dauki fiye da shekaru goma, da girma na samar da ya zo a tarihi matakin kafin 1913. A 30-ies. birnin dandana masana'antu da kuma collectivization. Chanza na zamani ƙwarai rinjayi abin da yake a yanzu Saratov.

Photos of yawa zamani Enterprises - ne images of shuke-shuke, dangane da tilasta masana'antu. Wadannan sun hada da "Universal" - .. The factory tsunduma a samar da inji kayayyakin aiki, kazalika da saka factory, tukunyar jirgi shuka, nama, da dai sauransu Saboda da masana'antu ya canza tsarin masana'antu a Saratov. Kara rawa a shi taka leda karfe, da kuma kasa da kasa - masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.

Great Patriotic War

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da yawa kamfanonin daga frontline yankunan da aka kwashe zuwa zumunta aminci daga Saratov. Hotuna da sake dubawa na yawon bude ido ya ziyarci birnin a yau, ta kwatanta shi a matsayin cibiyar na zamani samar, amma wani gagarumin ɓangare na tattalin arziki babban birnin kasar kwantar da shi a 1941-1945. Ƙarin ci gaba ya kasance roba, yadi da haske masana'antu na gida masana'antu.

A tauraron dan adam birnin Saratov, Engels, located a kan m, bar banki na Volga, aka kwashe Bryansk Engineering Shuka, a nan gaba zama a trolleybus. Akwai ma wani sabon gaba daya samarwa. Saboda haka, ba da nisa daga Saratov an kafa gas samar da ya zo gari a kan wani musamman gina bututun. Mafi yawa daga cikin kamfanonin sun sake tsarafa karkashin bukatun da gaban, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa a birane tattalin arzikin ya kara da rabo daga aikin injiniyan inji nauyi.

Ƙarnin

A 1950-ies. Saratov da ƙauyukanta akwai lokatan da dama manyan sikelin-Enterprises daga cikin sinadaran masana'antu. Tasowa da man fetur da makamashi hadaddun, ciki har da iskar gas, da man fetur shale, man fetur da kuma zafi ikon masana'antu. City janyo hankalin more kuma mafi sosai m kwararru na kimiyya-fasaha profile.

Daga cikin abubuwan, updated instrumentation, kayan aiki da kuma shuke-shuke da samar da lantarki. Lokaci guda, da yankin cibiyar da aka daya daga cikin fronts na Virgin Kasar gona Upturned a cikin steppe yankuna na RSFSR da kuma Kazakhstan.

A shekarar 1970-ies. a cikin Saratov yankin da aka haife hanzari ɓullo da reclamation hadaddun. Gina ban ruwa canals da kuma tsarin, kazalika da sauran related kayayyakin more rayuwa. Saratov a yau ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma a birane a Volga yankin. Tare da tauraron dan adam birnin Engels, shi Forms wani agglomeration tare da wani yawan miliyan daya mutane.