Alexander 1: a takaice biography kuma faye hali na Board

Alexander Pavlovich Romanov aka haife kan Disamba 12, 1777 a St. Petersburg. Ya kasance cikin fi so jikan Catherine II da kuma ɗan fari na magajin zuwa kursiyin Paul. Tare da uban yaron ta da wani tataccen dangantaka, don haka bayan an tashe shi daga kakarsa lashe.

magaji a kan karaga

A wancan lokaci, sun rare ideas na wayewa da kuma humanism. A cewar su ilimi da kuma Alexander 1. Brief biography na gaba monarch ƙunshi darussa akan ayyukan Rousseau. A daidai wannan lokaci da mahaifin sanar da yaro to soja al'amura.

A 1793, wani saurayi aure a Jamus gimbiya, samu a baftisma da sunan Elizabeth Alekseevna. Sa'an nan, ya yi aiki a Gatchina dakarun cewa an halitta Paul. Tare da mutuwar Catherine ta uba ya zama sarki, da kuma Alexander - waliyyinsa. Ga shi ya zama saba wa harkokin jihar, Alexander sanya zaune a majalisar dattijai.

Alexander 1, a takaice biography wanda yana cike da haske, ya izuwa nisa daga ubansa da nasa ra'ayi. Paul sau da yawa jãyayya da ɗansa, kuma ko da ya bukaci shi sau da dama kama da bai'a. Sarkin sarakuna manic tsoron ganawarsu, wanda aka rarraba a cikin XVIII karni.

Maris 12, 1801, a St. Petersburg, ya shirya da juyin mulki. A tsakiyar shi ne wani rukuni na manya. Har yanzu, da masu bincike jayayya, idan Alexander san game da tsare-tsaren na 'yan maƙarƙashiya. Ko ta wani hanya, amma an san cewa a lokacin da Paul aka kashe, an bayar da rahoton da magaji. Sai ya wãyi gari da sarki na Rasha.

garambawul

Farkon shekaru na Politika Aleksandra 1 aka gaba ɗaya mayar da hankali a kan ciki canji na kasar. A farko mataki ne mai m afuwa. Ta warware yawa freethinkers kuma suka ji rauni a lokacin da Paul ta sarautar. Daga cikin su ya Alexander Radishchev, wanda ya rasa nufin ga bazawa na muqala "Journey daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow."

Daga baya, Alexander dõgara a kan ra'ayi na highborn sahabbansa, wanda ya kafa wani m kwamitin. Daga cikinsu akwai Sarkin sarakuna ta matasa abokai - Pavel Stroganov, Viktor Kochubey, Adam Czartoryski, da dai sauransu ...

A sake fasalin da aka nufin sassauta serfdom. A 1803, akwai wani umurnin a kan free cultivators, a karkashin abin da gidan haya yanzu iya 'yantar da manoma da ƙasar. Rasha patriarchal domin ba da damar Alexander je mafi hukunci matakai. Canje-canje iya tsayayya da manya. Amma Gwamna ya yi nasarar dakatar da serfdom a cikin Baltic yankin, inda Rasha umarni kasance dan hanya.

1 Alexander ya gyara aikinsa, sun kuma gudummawar da ci gaban ilimi. Ƙarin kudade samu daga Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Har ila yau, ya bude Tsarskoye Selo lyceum (inda ya yi karatu matasa Alexander Pushkin).

ayyukan Speranskii

A mafi kusa taimako ga sarki ya Mikhail Speransky. Ya shirya wani ministoci garambawul, wanda aka amince da Alexander 1. Brief biography na m samu wani nasara himma. New ma'aikatun sun maye gurbin wanda ya kasa aiki jirgin Petrine zamanin.

A 1809, da makamantansu shirya wani daftarin na rabuwa da iko a jihar. Duk da haka, Alexander bai yi kuskure ba bisa ga rãyar da wannan ra'ayin. Ya ji tsoron tsokanar na aristocracy da wani fada juyin mulki. Saboda haka Speranski ƙarshe koma cikin inuwa da aka sallame. Wani dalilin da ya sa ya gyara aikinsa, da aka yi birgima sama, shi ne yaki da Napoleon.

kasashen waje da manufofin

A ƙarshen XVIII karni Faransa samu wani babban juyin juya halin. Daular mulkinsu da aka halaka. Maimakon haka, ya fara bayyana jumhuriya, sa'an nan daya-mutumin mulkin wata nasara soja shugaban Napoleon Bonaparte. France a matsayin cike da ya haifar da juyin juya hali tsanani ga ambato ya zama wani abokin gaba na da cikakkar monarchies na Turai. Kuma Catherine, da kuma Paul yi yaƙi da Paris.

Sarkin sarakuna Alexander 1 ma ya shiga zanga-Faransa hadaka. Duk da haka, da shan kashi a Austerlitz, ya kai ga cewa Rasha ya kan gab da shan kashi a 1805. Sa'an nan da Politika Aleksandra 1 canza: ya gana Bonaparte da kuma kammala a yarjejeniyar da Tilsit, da wanda ya tsayar da neutrality, kuma a Rasha akwai wata damar gama Finland da kuma Moldova, wadda aka yi. Shi ne a kan sabon arewacin kasar Sarkin sarakuna amfani da kyaututukan da ya samu sauye-sauye.

Finland da aka annexed a matsayin Grand Duchy tare da Sejm da kuma yancin] an. A nan gaba, lardin yana da mafi free a dukan jihar a lokacin XIX karni.

Duk da haka, a cikin 1812, Napoleon yanke shawarar kai farmaki Rasha. Kamar haka suka fara yakin duniya na II, sananne ga dukan, "yaki da zaman lafiya" Tolstoy. Bayan yakin Borodino Faransa aka kaddamar Moscow, amma shi ya kasance mai wucewa nasarar Bonaparte. Hagu ba tare da albarkatun, sai ya gudu Rasha.

A lokaci guda, Alexander 1, a takaice biography wanda yake cike da daban-daban da suka faru, ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin a waje yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya triumphantly shiga Paris da kuma ya zama gwarzo na dukan Turai. Triumpher gangarawa da Rasha tawagar a Congress of Vienna. A wannan taron, da rabo daga cikin nahiyar. Bisa ga shawarar da Rasha zuwa karshe annexed Poland. An bã ta da kansa tsarin mulki, wanda Alexander bai yi kuskure ya shiga ko'ina cikin kasar.

'yan shekarun nan

A karshe shekaru na autocrat aka lura Fading sake fasalin. The sarki zama sha'awar Sufi, kuma ya kasance tsanani da rashin lafiya. Ya mutu a cikin 1825, a Taganrog. Ya ba ta haihuwa. Dynastic rikicin ya zama wani lokaci domin wannan yunkuri na Decembrists. A sakamakon haka, ya zo da iko, da kane na Alexander Nicholas, wanda ya zama wata alama dauki da kuma conservatism.