A farko dokokin. Sudebnik Ivan 4th

Tsar Ivan IV na, hada da m mutane, kafa sabuwar gwamnati. Yana da aka kira "zaba yarda." Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan gwamnatin akwai wasu tsofaffin Moscow boyars da manya, suna nuna sha'awa a cikin Yunƙurin na Moscow.

Ayyukan "zaba farin ciki"

sabon manufofin gwamnati da aka yi niyya da farko a karkashin shugabancin tsakiya na jihar, da daidaitãwa na bukatun na boyars, malamai da kuma nobility. A farkon 1549, a cikin Kremlin Palace, kawo tare da wakilan daga cikin manya azuzuwan al'umma. A cikin "Cathedral of sulhu" Sarki ya yi magana domin la'anta a kan boyars. Ivan IV ce cewa wakilan da babba azuzuwan ana zagin su matsayi, ya kuma bukaci su zuwa gama da kokarin karfafa Rasha. Wadannan tarurruka an kishin muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi jihar. A Rasha a lokacin kafa caste-wakilin nau'i na daular mulkinsu.

Sudebnik Ivan 4th

Wannan daftarin aiki ya zama abin tunawa ga Rasha dokar, na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha normative doka yi. Ivan 4 of Law da aka soma a farko Zemsky Sobor a 1549. Bayan shekaru biyu, a 1551-m, wani daftarin aiki amince Stoglavy Cathedral, gudanar kan shirin na sarki. Legal yi da, a general, masu goyon bayan gwamnati fuskantarwa. Tallafi Sudebnik Ivan 4th hada da kawar da wasu gata na sarakuna, da karfafa rawar da tsakiyar shari'a hukumomi na jihar. The daftarin aiki da aka tattara da ɗari articles.

Sudebnik Ivan 4. Content: Yawan} ananan hukumomi,

Ayyukan volosteley da gwamnonin da aka sa a cikin wani tsarin: al'amarin "bawa 'yan fashi" da aka canjawa wuri zuwa labial dattawa. Tun da garambawul kumbura da iyakoki da cewa a baya kawai rufe arewacin kananan hukumomi. Sudebnik Ivan 4th legally kubutar da canji. Volosteli, gwamnoni da sauran gwamnonin nada sarkin da wuri, ba zai iya magance lokuta ba tare da sa hannu na wakilan da yawan jama'a. Aka zabe mafi kyau mutane daga baƙauye al'umma, headman da Dvorsky. Baya ga wadannan, a kowane gida al'umma shi ne su zama magatakarda magatakarda. Ga gwaninta ya hada da kasuwanci management alƙarya mutane. Yadda za a hukunta Sudebnik Ivan 4th, don halartar shari'ar zabe mutane sun gudanar da harkokin mulki rantsuwa.

zaman jama'a da sake fasalin

Domin mafi karfafa zaman tushe na jihar ikon fara fadada hakkokin yan sabis aji. Saboda haka, misali, na Dokar Ivan 4th haramta mika mulki servicemen a, bautar bauta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, muhimmancin haɗe zuwa dangantaka tsakanin dogara tsari na manoma da feudalists legislatively shigar Yurev rana. A wasu hanyoyi, gwamnati ta yi kokarin fadada hakkin manoma. Dogara mutane suna ba da damar shiga cikin harkokin jama'a, binciken sanadin mutuwa aikace-aikace. Lokacin da wannan gwamnonin ko a lokacin shari'ar, ko dai kafin shi ba za a iya kama ba tare da izinin da baƙauye al'umma zabe majalisarsa, dattawa da barmen. Sudebnik Ivan 4th bã baƙauye ƙungiya haraji dama layout, da tsari na dubawa, kai gwamnati.

New dama ga manoman

Na Dokar ta tabbatar da dama na dogara mutane don matsar da yardar kaina. A cikin labarin, cewa shirya wannan dama, shi ya furta baro-baro cewa ban da biya domin "rikici" da "tsofaffi" babu sauran ayyuka. A wasu kalmomin, yin free canja wuri da baƙauye ne ba za mu yi wani lissafin da mai shi, ban da wadanda amfanin. Sir, bi da bi, yana da wani hakki a rike mutanen da suka biya wadannan biyu aikinsu. Shar'ance haramta tilasta hira da manoma a cikin serfs. The mika mulki da aka halatta, ko da master of duk bashin da aka biya domin wani dogara.

Stratification azãba tsarin

Sudebnik Ivan 4th samar da daraja membobin al'umma. Amma da bugun fanareti a gare ta daraja da bambance-bambance. Domin manomi biyan bashin zagi da aka 1 Ruble, na kewayen birni mutum - 5, primary m - 50, magatakarda - 200 boyar - 600. mata tare da biya ninki biyu fiye da maza na wannan daraja.

A lokuta da shaida

M shari'a kafin dokokin da za a iya zaunar da wani duel tsakanin husũmar jam'iyyun. Wanda ya lashe a kan "filin", sai ya dauke su lashe hali. Sudebnik wannan hanya da aikace-aikace iyakance yawan yanayi. Saboda haka, misali, bai kasance "da" tsakanin "soja da kuma neboytsom". A karshe majinyata, matasa ko tsofaffi mutane. Ban iya zama lokatai a lõkacin da ya "neboets" bayyana shirye su shiga a cikin filin. Har ila yau, a yarda aika a cikin wuri a cikin yaƙin, "hireling." Ba dole ne a ce cewa "filin" na Sudebnik za a iya shirya ba kawai don warware takaddamar, amma kuma domin sanin gaskiyar shaidar da mãsu shaida.