Gumboldt Vilgelm: biography da ayyukansu

Wilhelm von Humboldt da wata babbar tasiri a kan ci gaban al'adu da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Ayyukansa ci gaba da yin tasiri cikin malaman da gabascin. Kowane ilimi mutum yana aikata zuwa nazarin aikin da rubuta a lokacin Gumboldt Vilgelm. Tunaninsa ya kuma karshe har yanzu suna dacewa ga zamani XX da XXI ƙarni. Ga wani fahimtar da ra'ayoyin wajibi ne a shiga cikin tarihinsa, gano wanda yake da haifuwa daga Vilgelm Gumboldt, inda ya yi aiki, wanda aminci yana da wani musamman tasiri a kan shi.

asalin

Wilhelm von Humboldt, kazalika da daidaita talented kane, Alexander, ya fito daga zuriyar mai daraja da kuma m iyali, wanda yana da muhimmanci m da kuma kudi. Su mallakar, ciki har da sanannen castle na Tegel a Berlin.

Gumboldt Vilgelm aka haife kan Yuni 22, 1767 a Potsdam. Mahaifinsa, Alexander Georg, ya sauko daga Prussian bourgeoisie. Kakansa shi ne bafadan godiya ga soja isa yabo. Mother, Baroness Elizabeth von Golvede yana da Faransa asalinsu. Zalunci na Huguenots a Faransa tilasta ta iyali su bar gidajensu da kuma matsawa zuwa Jamus, a Berlin. Lokacin da Alexander Georg zo a Berlin bayan ya yi ritaya, ya gana da nan gaba matarsa. Su 'ya'ya biyu - Alexander da kuma Wilhelm.

samuwar

Humboldt iyali kare wani albarkatun ga ilimi na 'ya'yansu. A shekaru 20 Vilgelm Gumboldt shiga jami'a a Frankfurt an der gabaci, da kuma fara sauraron laccoci a kan philology da kuma tarihi, a Jami'ar Göttingen tun 1788. Daga 27 zuwa shekaru 30, ya yi zama a cikin Jena, inda ya sanya da yawa abokai, wanda sanannu ne da masana falsafa da gabascin. Daga cikin su shi ne ya kamata a lura da sunayen Schiller kuma Goethe. Bisani, ya tafi zuwa Paris don nazarin Faransa al'ada - domin shi gudana partially da kuma Faransa jini. Duk da haka, sai ya ciyar da yawa lokaci tafiya a kusa da Spain da kuma Basque yankin.

sana'a zama

Gumboldt Vilgelm ya da wani gagarumin adadi a fagen siyasa na Prussia. A lokuta daban-daban daga 1801 zuwa 1819, ya gudanar da muhimmanci gwamnati posts, ya plenipotentiary wakilin a Vienna, da Vatican, Paris, Prague. A lokacin da ya zama ministan addinin kuma Education, ya ya iya gudanar da wani babban-sikelin garambawul na sakandare da kuma mafi girma ilimi a Prussia. Humboldt ta ra'ayin kawo makarantar firamare daga karkashin addini tasiri da kuma yin wani m ilimi ma'aikata.

A 1809, da makamantansu ne ya kafa Jami'ar Berlin. Yanzu wannan makaranta ne mai suna bayan Humboldt. Sai ya zama a Berlin ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki Vilgelm Gumboldt, wanda biography ne inextricably nasaba da daya daga cikin mafi m birane a Jamus.

Humboldt bai daina akwai. Ya isa yabo ne bayyananne kuma a shahara Congress of Vienna, wanda ya bayyana wani sabon Turai naúrar bayan faduwar Napoleon ta ikon. Har 1819 Vilgelm Gumboldt an m jami'in diflomasiyyar suka halarci yin mafi muhimmanci yanke shawara ga kasar. Ya wakilci kasar a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama da kuma ya cimma babbar nasara a wannan filin.

ayukan hutu

Excellent ilimi da kuma kudi tsaro da na iyalinsa yarda William shiga cikin da'irar shahararren masana kimiyya da falsafa da ya lokaci. Bugu da kari ga masu sana'a amfani a harkokin siyasa, von Humboldt kasance ko da yaushe sha'awar humanism da ideas. Alal misali, a 1790h shekaru ya rubuta wani aiki mai suna "Zamantakewa a kan wani ƙoƙari domin sanin da iyakoki da jaha," wanda tasowa da ra'ayin da cikakken 'yanci na mutum da ke jihar. Humboldt buga da ra'ayin cewa, babban aiki na jihar ne don tabbatar da kasar yancin yankunanta, amma tsoma baki a cikin harkokin mutane, shi ba ya isa. A ideas gabatar a cikin wannan takarda, sun kasance haka m, cewa samfurin da aka hõre katsalandan, kuma da aka haramta buga. A cikin hasken da shi ya zo ne kawai a tsakiyar XIX karni.

Wannan ba shine kawai aikin a cikin abin da ra'ayoyin da tunani Vilgelm Gumboldt. Harsuna samu a fuskarsa daya daga cikin kyautatawa da kuma cikin wadanda suka kafa na zamani Concepts.

Saboda da fāɗin hangen nesa da kuma wani babban matakin ilimi Vilgelm Gumboldt ne kunshe a duk wallafe-wallafen na gyaran gashi. Ya ne sau da yawa gayyace su ji ya ra'ayi a kan wannan ko cewa lokaci, sami reviews game da karanta wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu.
A 1791, ya zama matarsa Caroline von Dahereden - daya daga cikin mafi ilimi da kuma fasaha mata na ta lokaci. Ta taimaka da kuma goyon bayan duk abin da ya yi Wilhelm von Humboldt. Bayan bikin aure, Humboldt gidan zama wani wuri na yau da kullum da tarurruka na mafi kyau zukatan a duk kasashen Turai. Nan za ka iya saduwa da kuma marubuta, da kuma masana kimiyya, da masana falsafa da kuma, da kuma 'yan siyasa.

Daya daga cikin manyan bukatun da Wilhelm fara tafiya. Ya tafiya a Turai, sau da yawa na dogon lokaci zauna a Switzerland da kuma Roma. Yana da aka a lokacin tafiyarka ya aka cika da soyayya da kuma babban amfani a kasashen waje harsuna da sauran al'adu.

aikace-aikace

A bangaren ilimin harsuna manufar Vilgelma Gumboldta samu ta matsakaicin yarda bayan ya yi ritaya, da kuma na ƙarshe na siyasa da kuma jama'a aiki. Ya yi mai yawa free lokaci, kuma ya juya waje su kawo su tunani da kuma ra'ayoyin cikin guda rubuta form.

A farko wahala ya kasance cikin aikin "A cikin kamanta nazarin harsuna daban-daban domin lokaci na su ci gaba." Ya karanta shi a ganuwar da Berlin Academy of Sciences. Bugu da ari buga takarda "A asalin nahawu siffofin da kuma tasiri a kan ci gaban ideas." An dage farawa daga kayan yau da kullum na msar tambayar harsuna, wanda aka bayyana da Vilgelm Gumboldt. Harsuna, shi ne har yanzu mafi fa, tã a cikin ayyukansu, kuma theorists su tattauna da ra'ayoyin da postulates.

Akwai kuma wani aiki a ci gaba da cewa ya ba da lokaci domin kammala da kuma buga Gumboldt Vilgelm. "A cikin kawi a tsibirin Java" shi ne wanda irin wannan aiki. Wannan jaddada versatility da fadin basira da kuma ra'ayoyi na wannan Falsafa da zurfin tunani.

Its main aiki, "A bambanci tsakanin tsarin da mutum harshe da kuma tasirin da take da a kan m ci gaban da mutãne," da aka buga, da rashin alheri, posthumously. Yana Humboldt Wilhelm kokarin tabo don bayyana jigon su gudanar da bincike.

Ya jaddada da ruhun hadin kan mutane, kuma su harshe. Saboda harshen nuna kerawa na kowane harshe, shi nuna rai na dukan mutane.

nasarori

Wilhelm von Humboldt zama ba kawai wani shahararren siyasa adadi a jihar, amma kuma bar wani gagarumin alama kamar wani fitaccen masanin kimiyyar. Ya kare da moriyar kasarsa a lokacin da yankin redistribution na Turai, da samar da wani sabon duniya domin. Kuma lalle shi haƙĩƙa yi nasara. Aikinsa aka nuna babban yabo da sarki. Ya kasance mai gwani jami'in diflomasiyyar.

Bayan karshen daga cikin aiki da kuma tare da zuwan free lokaci tsunduma a cikin binciken na harsuna, su rarrabuwa, rabuwa da kamance da kuma bambance-bambance. A ideas ya gabatar a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka buga. zurfin bincike da aka tsanani haka cewa ra'ayi ya tushen wani sabon kimiyya - harsuna. Wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin tsammani sau daya a wata shẽkara ɗari, da aka tabbatar da shekaru goma daga baya. Bisa ga fitar da sakamakon bincikensa akwai wani raba kimiyya na sauti a cikin harsuna - phonology.

Gudanar da su sake fasalin harkokin ilmi, ya taimaka wa budge kokarin kawar da jahilci a tsakanin al'ummar jihar. A lokacin da ya makaranta ya fara dauka a kan siffofin saba mana. Kafin wannan, babu makaranta tsarin ne kusan wadanda ba babu.

al'adu

Wilhelm von Humboldt ta harkokinmu aza harsashin ga wani sabon kimiyya - harsuna, harsuna. Ya jãyayya theses, wanda ya ba da abinci ga tunani ga mutane da yawa da masana falsafa da kuma masana kimiyya. Har yanzu, masana ilimin harsuna muhawara da kuma tattauna da dama na karshe tare da wani abu yarda game da wani abu jayayya. Amma abu daya ne wasu - ba shi yiwuwa a yi nazarin wannan kimiyya ba tare da sanin sunan Vilgelma Gumboldta.

Bugu da kari to kimiyya takardunku cewa an bar su cikin zuriyarsu Wilhelm von Humboldt a kan harshe, wani gagarumin wasiya zama wata jami'a ta kafa shi, a cikin abin da ya kammala karatunsa da dubban matasa da kuma talented mutane.

The darajar da zamani

Wilhelm von Humboldt ta ra'ayi ya zama wani juyin juya halin da a harsuna. Eh, bisa ga mafi theorists, kimiyya da tunani ya tafi a gaba, da kuma wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin da kafa wannan kimiyya ne m, kuma sun zama m. Duk da haka, kowane masanin kimiyyar zai zama da taimako sosai ga sani da kuma fahimta cikin shakka daga tattaunawa von Humboldt a cikin halittar ayyukansa.

Ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo, systematizing da kassa harsuna daban daban domin rabe-kungiyoyin da na kowa siffofin ko da bambance-bambance. Humboldt yi magana game da haƙuri, kuma canzawa na biyu da harshen - yadda ya canjãwa a kan lokaci da shafi wadannan canje-canje, wasu daga cikinsu za su kasance har abada, da kuma wanda yake shi ne kuma a hankali bace.

Memorials kuma Monuments

Duniya ta shigar da dama, Monuments a cikin girmamawa Wilhelm von Humboldt, amma daya daga cikin ababuwa shi ne bakin dutse a kan bayyane gefe na da watã, wanda aka mai suna bayan da babban masanin kimiyya.

A Berlin, da wani abin tunawa a cikin girmamawa Humboldt a kan daya daga cikin manyan titunan birnin - Unter den Linden.