Great Britain: photos, tarihi, flag, holidays, birni da kasa, babbar jama'a ce, ga mafi girma yaƙi, a tarihin kasar Birtaniya

Great Britain - a Rasha version of sunan da United Kingdom. A kasar ne ayi a kan biyu tsibiran, ko da yake yana da hannun jari na biyu tare da Ireland. A tsibirin suna located zuwa arewa maso yammacin Turai ɓangaren duniya.

zamani Jihar

Great Britain, photos of wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a jihohi a Turai. Shi yana da m wurin zama a kan kwamitin sulhu na MDD yana nufin da makaman nukiliya iko.

Hada da zamani jihar na kasashen hudu, ko da yake akwai wani unitary na'urar. Babban birnin kasar - da birnin London, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a cibiyoyin duniya cinikayya da kuma hada-hadar kudi. Gane a matsayin hukuma harshen Turanci, amma mutane magana yaruka da yawa.

labarin

Sanaki mutane daga cikin na zamani irin na tsibirin ya fara 30 da shekara dubu da suka wuce. Yana gudanar da shi a cikin tãguwar ruwa. Suka zauna, yafi Britons da Gaels, suka kasance cikin al'adun da Celts.

Daga farko karni BC Roma ya fara ci ƙasar, suka yi sarauta a kudancin tsibirin kimanin shekaru 400. A daidai wannan lokaci da mamayewa na Jamus Saxon natsuwa. Shi ne su sauka a hankali assimilation na Celts da kafa mulkin Ingila. Sashe na daga cikin Britons zaunar cikin abin da yake a yanzu Wales. Gaels halitta da Picts Scottish mulkin.

A 1066 ya fara da Norman mamayewa na Ingila. Yana kawo Faransa feudalism da kuma al'adu. Ko da yake a kan lokaci da Norman-Faransa yawan assimilated tare da yan unguwa. Ingila ta kãma Wales da kuma Scotland ya yi yunkurin kama. Ingila ma shiga da yaki ga wasiyya da gagarumin ƙasashen Faransa. Yana arko, shẽkara ɗari 'War.

A tsakiyar zamanai Wales cikakken shiga Ingila da Ireland tare da ita a cikin alliance. A mulkin wata yaduwa ra'ayoyi na canji, tare da sakamakon cewa Church of England da monarch a kai da aka kafa.

Sa'ad da Yakubu farko kungiyar da aka kafa tsakanin Ingila, Scotland, Ireland. Kasashen kula da raba siyasa mahaluži. Yana faru a sakamakon kara aukuwa mai girma juyin juya halin (1688), da kuma Birtaniya ya zama tsarin mulki daular mulkinsu.

A 18th karni a jihar na juyin juya halin masana'antu, wadda take da kyau sakamako a kan girma na daular. A taro ci gaba da mazauna, mafi yawa a North America, kuma daga baya a Asiya, Afirka da kuma Pacific Islands.

A cikin karni na 19th Mulkin tana da babban tattalin arziki da kuma na sojan ruwa da iko a duniya. Wannan ya ci gaba har tsakiyar karni na 20th.

A yakin duniya na farko, Mulkin tana ally na Rasha da kuma Faransa. A yammacin Front yi yaƙi da Jamusanci invaders game da 5 miliyan mazaunan tsibirin. Bayan nasara a cikin yaki Mulkin samu tsohon Jamus da kuma Ottoman mazauna. Wannan yarda da daular to girma ta zuwa ga mafi girma har. Ta rufe ta ikon daya cikin biyar na ƙasar. Amma ta 1921, tsibirin Ireland ne a zahiri kasu kashi biyu sassa - Free Ireland da kuma Northern Ireland.

Don ƙarin hayaniya sa babban mawuyacin na 1929-1932 ta. Wannan ya biyo ta yakin duniya na biyu. Mulkin amsa kamar yadda ya jiɓinci Faransa, Rasha, Amurka. Da yaki da Jamus ta mayar da hankali a biyu fadace-fadace - na kasar Birtaniya, da Atlantic. A nasara kawo UK shiga a da rabo daga cikin postwar duniya, kazalika da wuya kudi halin da ake ciki. Taimake ta ga da Amurka da kuma Kanada rance. Sa'an nan ya fara maido da kuma kara ci gaban jihar.

Tarihi da flag

Kafin ta zama guda kamar yadda a yau, daga tutar Burtaniya ya zo dogon hanya na canji. Wannan alama ce jiha ikon da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya, shi ne a yi amfani da tufafi zane, gine da kuma art. Hukumance, shi ne sau da yawa ake kira "Yunion Dzhek", wanda ke nufin "ƙungiyar."

A makirci ba ka damar ganin dukkan hanyar da canji tun 1603, lokacin da Yakubu ya zo iko farko. Da farko, an yi amfani da Navy, don haka sunan "Jack", wanda nufi da baka flag a kan jirgin.

The flag kunshi wadannan aka gyara:

• St. Andrew ta flag - blue bango, fari saltire.
• Flag of St George - farin baya, a ja giciye.
• Cross na St. Patrick - farin baya, ja saltire.

The "Yunion Dzhek" ba daidai da symbolism na Wales, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci akwai jayayya a cikin kungiyar tarayyar Kingdom.

Don da crosses bai zauna da rinjaye wuri a kan panel, suna gudun hijira daga cibiyar a duk inda. Wannan ya sa "Yunion Dzhek" asymmetric. Ajiye ta juye ba tare da dalili shi ne dauke da wani cin mutumci. Irin wannan wani zaɓi da aka yarda da wuya sigina.

Battle a kasar

A tarihin jihar a yankin ƙasarta ne in mun gwada kadan fadace-fadace. Wannan shi ne saboda wasu m tsibirin na Turai nahiyar.

Mafi Girma Battle of Birtaniya:

• nasarar William Tanƙwasa (Normandy) na Harold (Anglo-Saxon sojojin) na Hastings 14/10/1066 birni ya bude hanyar da Norman hukuncin.
• Battle of Bosworth a 1485 kusa da tsakanin sojojin na Genriha Tyudora da kuma Richard III (War na Wardi 1455 na 1485 hade da dama na maye).
• yaki da Spanish "Armada" a cikin harshen Turanci Channel (Yuli 1588) ƙare saboda da ikon na Francis Drake ta yi nasara a Ingila, wanda ya zama farka daga tekuna.
• Battle of Marston Moore a lokacin rani na shekarar 1644, a lokacin da sojojin na Oliver Cromwell ya ci sojojin na Charles da farko.
• Battle of Birtaniya (Yuli-Oktoba 1940) shi ne mafi girma iska yaƙi, wanda a cikin sa cikin Wehrmacht rasa 3,000 matukan jirgin, da kuma Royal Air Force matukan jirgi a 1800 da kuma fiye da 20,000 fararen hula a tsibirin.
• Battle na Atlantic (. Satumba 1939-Yuni 1944) yana dauke da mafi shafe tsawon yaƙi, wadda ta dogara a kan samar da abinci a tsibirin kuma da wadata da na makamai zuwa kawance sojojin. nasara a kan rundunar Jamus ya juya zuwa ga kasashen kawance mutuwa na 50 dubu matuƙan.

A mafi girma yaƙi, a tarihin kasar Birtaniya, aka ba tsare a cikin ƙasa na tsibirin. The most of su faru a kan ruwa da kuma a cikin iska.

Battle a cikin bukatun da daular

Bayan zama mai iko al'umma a duniya, Great Britain bi a mulkin mallaka da manufofin. Domin ci gaba a karkashin iko da sararin yankuna ta amfani da harsunan 'yan barandan da dakarun, da girma daga wanda su waje legionnaires. Sarrafa su hafsoshin 'yan Birtaniya.

Fadace-fadace a cikin mazauna:

• 1781 - Birtaniya sojojin sallama a Yorktown a cikin ni'imar da Franco-American maƙiyi yanke shawarar sakamakon da American Revolutionary War.
• 1842 aka alama ta wani mugayen aukuwa ga UK, inda kusan ba tare da wani yaki da aka halaka Elphinstone tawagar, saki daga Kabul ta mata da yara (16 dubu mutane), daga abin da mutum daya tsira.
• 1858 - da kewaye da kuma kama Delhi Birtaniya sojojin da kawayensu a sakamakon da danniya na Sepoy tawaye.
• 1860 - wani hukunci shan kashi na Sin sojojinta daga cikin Anglo-Faransa sojojin a farko Opium War, wanda ya kai ga Beijing yarjejeniyar.

UK sojojin sun halarci lokacin da shekara ɗari War, da farko da na biyu Duniya Wars. A sakamakon wadannan arangama da ya faru da yawa shahara fadace-fadace biyu a kan tudu da ruwa, kuma a cikin iska.

Kasashen a cikin Commonwealth

United Kingdom, ko da yake yana da wani unitary jihar, har yanzu kunshi da dama a wani mataki kai dauke raka'a.

Kasashen Burtaniya:

• Ingila.
• Wales.
• Scotland.
• Northern Ireland.

Bugu da kari, akwai abin da ake kira Commonwealth of Nations, wanda ya hada da fiye da 50 jihohi. Bayan da UK wadannan sun hada da tsohon masun mulki protectorates da mazauna. The most of su ne Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan da sauransu.

The most birane

Hakika, babbar, kuma mafi muhimmanci tattalin arziki, siyasa, kudi, al'adu da shirin ne London. Bayan shi, akwai sauran manyan birane na kasar Birtaniya:

• Birmingham.
• Liverpool.
• Manchester.
• Glasgow.
• Cardiff.
• Edinburgh.
• Belfast.

Great artists

Great mutane na kasar Birtaniya a cikin al'adu Sphere an san zuwa yanzu fiye da tsibirin:

• Agata Kristi - marubuci, marubucin bincike,.
• Dzhoan Rouling - marubuci.
• Sir Shon Konneri - Actor.
• Dzhon Lennon - Mawaki.
• Uilyam Shekspir - na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo.
• Dzheyn Ostin - marubuci.
• Viven Vestvud - Designer.
• Sir Pol Makkartni - makadi da kuma himmar aiki.
• Gerbert Uels - marubuci.
• Dzho Koker - makadi.

Wannan ba wani cikakken jerin daga cikin wakilan da United Kingdom, wanda nasara da duniya da su kerawa.

Great wadanada na mulkin

A lokacin da wanzuwar jihar cikin shahararrun wadanada na Ingila su ne:

• William Tanƙwasa.
• Richard da Lionheart.
• Henry da Takwas.
• Elizabeth na.
• Victoria;
• George da Shida;
• Elizabeth II.

Great Britain mika ta mamayar kan duniya. A zamani Commonwealth of Nations har yanzu ya gane Korolevoy Elizavetu II.

Jam'iyyar iyali na Mulkin

Modern monarch ne wakilin Windsor daular. By Elizabeth II ya zo da iko a shekarar 1952. Ta na da 'ya'ya maza uku,' yar takwas jikoki da biyar mai-jikoki.

Tarihi na Burtaniya domin da yawa Sahaban ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da sarauta iyali. Sarauniya kanta ya zama wata alama ce da ke jihar.

Great Mulkin siyasa

A jihar ya dogon wanzu a matsayin da majalisar dokokin daular mulkinsu. Royal ikon da aka iyakance zuwa bicameral majalisar dokokin kasar. Mafi yawa daga cikin ikon ba ya kasance a gidan sararta, da kuma shugaban gwamnati (Firayim ministan).

Great Britain, photos of wanda aka gabatar a wannan abu, a cikin tarihi, ya karu da sama mai yawa ga sanannun 'yan siyasa. Mafi tasiri wakilan gwamnati:

• Winston Churchill.
• Margaret Thatcher.
• David Cameron.
• Uilyam Uilberfors.
• Toni Bler.
• Ketrin Eshton.
• Oliver Cromwell.
• William Gladson.
• Neville Chamberlain.
• Benjamin Disraeli.

Holidays Great Britain

Jerin manyan holidays da bukukuwa cikin shekara ta:

1 Janairu - Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u (rana kashe). Pompously bikin more a Scotland fiye da a Ingila da kuma Wales. Akwai wani hadisin na farko bako, a kan abin da yake fin so zuwa ga gidan bayan 24.00 zo a cikin wani saurayi tare da duhu gashi. Sai ya zama al'ada ga bayar da gurasa, da wani tsunkule na gishiri, da kwal, wanda bauta a matsayin abinci alama ce alheri, zafi. A Scotland, domin festive tebur yanke shawarar dafa sanannen haggis.

Janairu 12 - idi na Celtic al'adu. Ya wuce a Glasgow, ta duration ne 19 days. Yin artists daga kasashe daban-daban.

Janairu 25 - Rãnar Robert Burns. National hutu a Scotland, inda ya aka haife sanannen mawãƙi ne. Ku ciyar wani biki a matsayin abincin dare na musamman labari. A lokacin da ajalinsu sauti waqe, songs. Daga cikin tufafi samun kayayyaki da kuma duk dancing jama'a raye-raye.

27 Janairu - a Scotland zuwa bikin Aphellio, wanda alama ce ta cikin Viking saukowa a kan Burtaniya gaba a cikin 9th karni. Ƙirƙiri model na wani Viking jirgin, duk dress up a tarihi kayayyaki da kuma sneaked ta cikin birni zuwa teku jirgin. Viking jirgin ruwan a kan ruwa da aka kone, Fitar da shi a cikin 900 jiniya.

Maris 1 - St David ranar. Event yana faruwa a Wales a cikin nau'i na al'adu da kuma m festival.
Maris 17 - St. Patrick Day Irish Festival, wanda faruwa a wani kaya farati, tare da tagulla makada. A wannan rana, duk abin da yake kore, ciki har da giya, da kuma tufafi.

Afrilu 14 - da shekara-shekara London Marathon Na fure, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na sadaka da dama titi nisha da kuma wasanni.

Afrilu 21 - da ranar haihuwa na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.

May 1 - da bikin na wuski a United Kingdom.

4 May - Mey Dey, bukukuwa da kuma titi processions.

Mayu 25 - Spring Day a UK (a kasa hutu). A wannan rana, duk da titunan an rufe tare da furanni, da aka gudanar costumed processions.

Yuni 1 - da Wimbledon tennis gasa.

Oktoba 31 - Halloween.

Disamba 25 - Kirsimeti.

Disamba 26 - dambe Day. Yana da aka sadaukar domin St. Stephen. A cikin majami'u a lokacin da suka kasance sunã buga kwalaye da kyaututtuka, da kuma a cikin gidajen bayin je gida don abincin dare tare da iyalinsa.

Akwai da yawa holidays cewa ba su da tsayayyen kwanakin. Tsarki Jumma'a ne a ranar hutu - ne Jumma'a kafin Easter Lahadi. Wannan an bi ta Katolika Easter.

UK holidays suna da nasaba, da tarihi na tsibirin. Su ba ka damar shiga cikin Birtaniya al'adu, koyi da su da m gefe.