Gray da fari al'amari na kwakwalwa

The mutum kwakwalwa aka yi sama da fari da kuma m al'amarin. A farko - shi ne duk da cewa an cika tsakanin m kwayoyin halitta a cikin bawo da kuma muhimmi nuclei. A surface Layer yana da wani uniform m al'amari jijiya Kwayoyin wanda kauri ne da rabi zuwa hudu millimeters.

Karatu a daki-daki, abin da launin toka da fari al'amarin a cikin kwakwalwa.

Daga abin da wadannan abubuwa

CNS abu ne na iri biyu: fari, da launin toka.

Farin abu hada da wani jam'i na jijiya zaruruwa da jijiya cell matakai, wanda ambulan yana da wani farin launi.

The m al'amari kunshi jijiya Kwayoyin tare da tafiyar matakai. Jijiya zaruruwa gama sassa daban daban na tsakiya m tsarin da jijiya cibiyoyin.

Gray da fari al'amari na laka

Inhomogeneous abu na jiki ne m da fari. A farko images of wata babbar lamba na neurons, wanda suke mayar da hankali a tsakiya da kuma ne na uku iri:

• radicular Kwayoyin.
• Beam neurons.
• ciki Kwayoyin.

White al'amari na kewaye da laka m al'amarin. Ya kunshi jijiya matakai, Ya haɗa a uku fiber tsarin:

• intercalary da afferent neurons cewa connect sassa daban daban na laka.
• azanci shine afferent ne mai dogon centripetal.
• motor afferent ko dogon centrifugal.

medulla oblongata

da muka sani na Anatomy shakka, cewa laka ta wãyi elongated. Sashe na daga cikin kwakwalwa a saman ne thicker fiye da kasa. A talakawan tsawon shi ne 25 millimeters, kuma an dimbin yawa kamar truncated mazugi.

Yana tasowa nauyi da auditory gabobin da alaka da numfashi, da jini wurare dabam dabam. Saboda haka, m al'amari core ake sarrafawa balance, metabolism, wurare dabam dabam, numfasawa, motsi daidaituwa.

na baya

Wannan kwakwalwa aka yi sama da gada da cerebellum. La'akari da launin toka da fari al'amari a gare su. Bridge ne a manyan fari nadi daga raya gefe na da tushe. A daya hannun shi nuna iyakarta da kafafu na kwakwalwa, da kuma a kan sauran - tare da wani dogon. Idan muka yi giciye-kashi, da fari al'amarin, kuma m nuclei nan za a iya gani sosai. Mai gangara zaruruwa raba cike da ventral da dorsal yankunan. A ventral fari al'amari yafi tafarkin da ba da launin toka nan Forms da ginshikin.

A dorsal bangare ne nuclei: sharuddan sauyawa, reticular samuwar, azanci shine tsarin da kuma girman kwanyar jijiyoyi.

A cerebellum aka located a karkashin occipital lobes. Yana hada da yammancin duniya da kuma tsakiyar part kira "tsutsa". The m al'amari na bawo da cerebellar nuclei wanda suke shatro-, nodular, kuma probkovidnym kaya. White al'amari na kwakwalwa a wannan bangare ne dake karkashin haushi na cerebellum. Yana ratsa duk gyrus kamar fari platelets kuma kunshi daban-daban zaruruwa, wanda ko dai su ɗaure yanka da meanders ko aika zuwa ciki tsakiya ko connect kwakwalwa sassan.

midbrain

Yana farawa daga tsakiyar cerebral kumfa. A daya hannun shi yayi dace da surface na brainstem tsakanin pineal gland shine yake da kwakwalwa babba ze tashi da kuma a kan sauran - tsakanin mammillary gawarwakin rabo da gaban rabo daga gada.

Yana hada da cerebral wandararre, a hannu daya cewa iyakar da aka bayar da rufin, da kuma a kan sauran - da taya igiyar kafafu. A cikin ventral rabo rarrabe raya perforated abu da kuma babban kwakwalwa kara, yayin da dorsal - rufin kwano da rike manya da ƙananan cusps.

Idan muka yi la'akari da cerebral wandararre a cikin fari da launin toka al'amari na kwakwalwa, mun ga cewa fari na kewaye da tsakiyar m abu hada da lafiya Kwayoyin da ciwon kauri daga 2 zuwa 5 millimeters. Ya ƙunshi wani block, da kuma trigeminal girman kwanyar jijiya, tare da ƙarin kwaya da kuma na karshe tsaka-tsaki.

diencephalon

An located tsakanin tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum da baka da laterally Fused da matuƙar kwakwalwa. A dorsal rabo kunshi thalamus, a saman wanda yake nadbugore, kuma an located in ventral yankin nizhnebugornaya.

Gray al'amarin da aka yi sama da nuclei, wanda ake dangantawa da ýan cibiyoyin.
White al'amari tafarkin da aka gabatar a daban-daban kwatance, tabbatar da dangane da samuwar kwakwalwa bawo da kuma tsakiya. A diencephalon kuma ya hada da pituitary da pineal gland shine yake.

endbrain

Wakilta biyu hemispheres, wanda ya raba da Ramin a guje tare da su. Yana ta haɗu da zurfin da ayyukan marubuta callosum da zangarniya.

A rami bayar a kaikaice ventricles, located in daya da na biyu yammancin duniya. Wadannan hemispheres an hada da:

• gashi na neocortex ko shida-ɓawon burodi dabam-dabam jijiya Kwayoyin.
• striatum na muhimmi ganglia - zamanin d, da haihuwa da kuma sabon;
• partitions.

Amma wani lokacin akwai wani rarrabuwa:

• olfactory kwakwalwa.
• subcortex.
• da launin toka al'amari na bawo.

Ba tare da taba da launin toka al'amari, a daina nan da nan a kan fari.

Game da fasali na fari al'amari na hemispheres

A farin al'amari na kwakwalwa bautar da dukan sarari tsakanin launin toka da kuma muhimmi nuclei. Akwai babbar dama jijiya zaruruwa. A wadannan yankunan suna samuwa a cikin fari al'amari:

• abu tsakiyar ciki kwantena, tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum da kuma dogon zaruruwa.
• annuri kambi na bamban zaruruwa.
• semioval cibiyar a cikin matsanancin sassa.
• abu a cikin GROOVES tsakanin convolutions.

Jijiya zaruruwa ne:

• commissural.
• associative.
• Tsinkaya.

The farin abu ya hada da jijiya zaruruwa, wanda suna da alaka daya da kuma sauran convolutions na cerebral bawo da kuma sauran abokai.

jijiya zaruruwa

M commissural zaruruwa wani bangare ne na ayyukan marubuta callosum. Suna located a cikin kwakwalwa commissures cewa connect haushi a daban-daban hemispheres kuma tsakaitã maki.

Fiber associative sassan harhada a kan wani guda yammancin duniya. A cikin wannan gajeren gama m gyri, da kuma dogon - ne a wata babbar nesa daga juna.

Zaruruwa tsinkaya hade da ɓawon burodi tsarin cewa suna located ƙananan kuma kara zuwa periphery.

Idan ciki kwantena view frontal sashe zai zama a bayyane lenticular tsakiya da Hind kafar. Tsinkaya zaruruwa kasu kashi:

• zaruruwa tsawaita daga thalamus da bawo da kuma a gaban shugabanci, su ta da hankali da kuma haushi ne centrifugal.
• zaruruwa directed zuwa jijiya motor nuclei.
• zaruruwa, samar da hatsaisai zuwa tsokoki na dukan jiki.
• fiber directed daga bawo da gada nuclei gudãnar da kuma samar da braking mataki aiki cerebellum.

Wadanda lebur zaruruwa cewa ne mafi kusa ga haushi, samar da annuri kambi. Sai babban ɓangare daga gare su shiga ciki kwantena, a cikinsa farin m ne tsakanin caudate da lenticular nuclei da thalamus.

A surface akwai wani musamman hadaddun juna inda a madadin furrows da ridges therebetween. Suna da ake kira gyri. Deep furrows raba yammancin duniya a manyan yankunan, wanda ake kira lobes. Kullum sulcus na kwakwalwa ne warai mutum, za su iya zama sosai daban-daban domin mutane daban-daban.

A hemispheres da biyar lobes:

• frontal.
• parietal.
• na boko.
• occipital.
• islet.

Kwarin kunya tsakiyar samo asali a saman da yammancin duniya da kuma motsa saukar da tura zuwa frontal lobe. Rear rabo daga tsakiyar sulcus ne parietal lobes, wanda ƙare parietooccipital kwarin kunya.

Frontal lobe ne zuwa kashi hudu meanders, a tsaye kuma a kwance.
A kaikaice surface na boko lobe da aka wakilta uku convolutions wanda ake delimited daga juna.

Sulcus na occipital lobe ne m. Amma kowa da kowa yawanci yana da wani gicciye, wanda aka haɗa tare da karshen interparietal kwarin kunya.

Yana located a kan parietal lobe tsagi a guje a layi daya zuwa tsakiyar kwance, kuma tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare da sauran tsagi. Dangane da wuri, wannan rabo ne zuwa kashi uku convolutions.

Island yana da wani triangular siffar. An rufe tare da m short convolutions.

kwakwalwa rauni

Godiya ga nasarorin da kimiyyar zamani ya zama zai yiwu a gudanar da wani high-tech bincike kwakwalwa. Saboda haka, idan akwai wani pathological rauni a fari al'amari, shi za a iya gano a wani wuri mataki da kuma sanya magani a dace hanya.

Daga cikin cututtukan da ake sa da raunuka na abu, saki a gare shi, a take hakkin polushaniyah, capsules Pathology, tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum da syndromes gauraye hali. Alal misali, sa'ad da raya kafa raunin daya da rabi daga cikin jikin mutum zai iya kamu da inna. Wannan matsalar na iya faruwa tare da mai illa ƙwarai, ko na gani filin lahani. Matsalar aiki na samfur na tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum gubar zuwa shafi tunanin mutum da cuta. A wannan yanayin, mutum daina gane abubuwan dake kewaye, events, da dai sauransu, ko kuma ba ya yin m ayyuka. Idan mayar da hankali ne biyu-gefe, za a iya lura hadiya cuta da kuma jawabin.

Ba shi yiwuwa a overestimate muhimmancin duka biyu m da fari al'amarin a cikin kwakwalwa. Saboda haka da jima da gane gaban cuta, da mafi alhẽri chances cewa magani zai zama nasara.