A samuwar da kuma ci gaban hali - babban hanyoyin nazarin

A lokacin da wanzuwar wayewa, duka biyu a kan yau da kullum da matakin, da kuma a cikin kimiyya, ya ɓullo da wani yawa ra'ayi game da yadda za samuwar da kuma ci gaban hali. Wannan bambancin yana saboda quite daban-daban hanyoyin da fahimtar da fassarar yadda haƙiƙa tuki sojojin na wannan ci gaban, kazalika da wa baratar da shafi tunanin mutum da hasken dake fitowa ta cewa mulkin da hali na kowane mutum, da kuma wanda aka zalla na ra'ayin wani. A wani binciken da yanayi na sirri ci gaba ne mai muhimmanci ga fahimtar da matakai da alamu, da kuma wasu masu hali wanda, ko ta wani hanya, ya yi shibtar da samuwar da kuma ci gaban hali.

Irin wannan kafa wuraren view, sosai cewa kimiyyar zamani ga mafi alhẽri bambanta su, ta amfani da hanyar na rarrabuwa na cigaban dan Adam theories kuma mutuntakarsa a yawan siffofin kowa da su.

Bari mu bincika wasu cikin su cikin sharuddan kayyade mafi muhimmanci bambance-bambance, da kuma kimiyya manyan al'amurra.

A psychoanalytic ka'idar gani cin gaban hali a matsayin halitta tsari a cikin abin da akwai wata halitta mutum karbuwa ga rayuwa a cikin yanayi, wanda shi ne muhimmi a cikin shi a matsayin nazarin halittu jinsunan. A cewar daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa manufar Freud, a cikin tsarin da wannan tsari, da Farawa na musamman m ayyuka da kuma daidaituwa tare da su a cikin mutum potentialities saduwa da bukatun.

A daidai da ra'ayi na bugun jini, da kuma kai-ainihi hade da ci gaban tsarin a vivo samuwar sirri halaye, wanda ba ya danganta wa] annan tare da wani sananne nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai. Fifiko factor a cikin tsarin na wannan rukunan aka nuna son kai wajen zamantakewa yanayi, al'umma.

A ra'ayi na zamantakewa koyo yawa kamar na zamani tunani da kuma ilimin halayyar zaman kira socialization tsari. Bisa wannan ra'ayin, sirri ci gaba - shi ne, na farko, da wani wanda bai yankẽwa aiwatar da mutum bincike na wasu hanyoyi da wajen hulda da zamantakewa hali alamu. A lokaci guda ya kawo kan gaba wajen siffofin interpersonal hulda.

Idan akai la'akari da samuwar da kuma ci gaban hali, Psychology phenomenological ji kuma ta bil'adama shugabanci fassara shi a matsayin wani yunkuri na mutum a kansa "I-juna", da abun ciki na wannan samfurin ne sosai m da aka qaddara ba kawai zamantakewa da al'adu dalilai, amma kuma shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki.

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na karshe ya fara yada da kuma zama ƙara rare integrative ra'ayi na ci gaba da mutum. Suka har yanzu ba su da wata rijiya-kafa sunayen, don haka za su iya a samu a karkashin sunan ecumenical view dabi'ar mutum da kuma ta tafiyar matakai na raya kasa, da dama na al'amurran ne ba a cikin cosmological constructions, wani integrative m ne amfani da cikin wasu tauhidin koyaswar.

Integrative ra'ayi neman gama daban-daban, riga tsara wuraren view kan yadda samuwar da kuma ci gaban hali. A cikin tsarin na wani ƙoƙari na dubi wannan tsari daga mahangar fahimtar tsarin. Daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun theories na integrative ci gaba ne da koyarwar sanannen American psychologist da sociologist E. Erikson. Wannan masanin kimiyya ya tabbatar da abin da ake kira epigenetic manufa, wanda dogara ne a kan wani misali ne ra'ayin cewa hali a cikin ci gaban tsarin wuce a jerin wasu manzilõli, wanda aka halin da abun ciki zuwa da mutãne gabã ɗaya. A na gaba lokaci yawanci ya ƙare da wani rikicin da cewa na kama mutum nasara daga duk da'awar cewa za a iya gabatar da shi a wannan mataki na ci gaba a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa da al'adu yanayi.

Irin wannan samuwar kuma mutuntakarsa cin Erikson fassara a matsayin wani gagarumin canji na ciki duniya, da tsarin dangantakar da suke kewaye da al'umma da kuma yanayi, da su cikin sauƙi observable dabiu na dabi'ar mutum, hali da kuma tunani. Jumillar adadin irin sauyin-rikicin Erickson gano maki takwas, bisa ga bincike daga cikin manyan shekaru da alaka da canje-canje cewa ne muhimmi a cikin sararin yawan mutane. Kimantawa da ra'ayi Erickson matsayin dukan, dole ne a gane cewa, iƙirarin da rawar da wani integrative view na aiwatar da ainihi samuwar shi ne, ba free daga rinjayar psychoanalytic ka'idar.