Cikakkar daular mulkinsu

Cikakkar daular mulkinsu - wani nau'i na gwamnati. A wannan tsarin, da yanayi na harkokin shari'a, da zartarwa, majalisu, da kuma a wasu lokuta ma na ruhaniya ikon a gaskiya da kuma dokar da aka mayar da hankali a hannun guda m.

A cikakkar daular mulkinsu da aka kafa a daban-daban sau, a jihohi da dama, wanda ya wanzu har sai da 18th karni. A cewar masana tarihi, wannan nau'i na gwamnatin kasar na cewa zamanin zo ta halitta.

Cikakkar daular mulkinsu (a cikin m ji) shi ne halin da cikakken iko, da aka gada. A wani kunkuntar ji, wannan nau'i na gwamnati yakan haifar da wasu iyaka. Alal misali, a kasashen da dama da cikakkar daular mulkinsu ƙarƙashin wakilin jikuna (da Cortes a Spain, da Amurka Janar a Faransa, da Zemsky Sobor a Rasha).

A lokaci guda, ko da ciwon Unlimited ikon, an autocrat yi karo da talakawansa. A mutane ta ra'ayi a cikin wannan yanayin da za a iya bayyana sosai hanyoyi daban-daban: daga cikin shawarwarin da mashawarci ga yunkuri da kuma juyin mulki na sarki.

Cikakkar daular mulkinsu a cikin haske ne ba kawai wani m, kuma wanda ya allahntaka asalin mulki. Wannan ƙwarai da gudummawar da masana tauhidi da lokaci. Louis 14 mafi alhẽri daga wasu tsare da ra'ayin absolutism a cikin jumlar "The jihar - shi ke ni."

Wannan nau'i na gwamnati na inganta branched burokrasi kafa m yan sanda da sojoji.

Heyday absolutism a Yammacin Turai ikon kai a 17-18 ƙarni. A wannan lokacin, akwai cikakken karkashin shugabancin tsakiya jihar. A monarch, baiwa da majalisu da kuma zartarwa iko, daukan yanke shawara da kansa, ya tsayar da haraji da kuma, a ta hankali zubar da jihar taskar.

A Unlimited ikon da autocrat dõgara a kan nobility. Kafa a cikin yanayi na mulkin gargajiya fragmentation, da absolutism na farkon matakai na bunkasa quite hanzari. A lokacin da samuwar da gwamnatin shi da halin fairly m mataki: yaki da saurã daga mulkin gargajiya fragmentation, da mika wuya da coci, da gabatarwar uniform dokokin. A ci gaba da masana'antu, kasuwanci, kasar tattalin arzikin da aka nufin karfafa soja yiwuwar nan gaba samu.

A cewar masana tarihi, da siffofin absolutism a daya mataki ko wani ba a duk kasashen Turai. Duk da haka, da mafi cikakken kasance wannan nau'i na gwamnati a Faransa. Wannan kasar ta zo absolutism a cikin 16th karni. Kuma rufinta kai wani nau'i na gwamnati a zamanin sarautar da Bourbons (Louis 13 da kuma 14).

Cikakkar daular mulkinsu a Ingila kai da ganiya a zamanin Elizabeth na Tudor (1558-1603 gg.). Duk da haka, a cikin Burtaniya Tsibirin a classic tsari, wannan ikon ya ba da aka kafa. Sun fi mayar da hana majalisar dokokin kasar. Bugu da kari, babu sojoji, babu burokrasi.

A kasashe daban-daban, absolutism dã waɗanda ko wasu siffofin. Don babban har suka ƙayyade da tasiri na wadannan ko wasu sassa na al'umma a kan ciki siyasa na kasar. Alal misali, a cikin Ingila da Faransa da babban tasiri bourgeoisie.

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni 18th absolutism mayar da su cikin na gaba mataki. A tsari na gwamnati a cikin wannan lokaci da aka rinjayi da ra'ayoyi da haske. Saboda haka, kafa na "haskaka absolutism".

Tare da ci gaba da kuma bunqasar da tsarin jari hujja a kasashen Turai, da wanzuwar absolutism aka karfi musanta sabon tsari a cikin al'umma.

A wasu ƙasashe (misali, Faransa, Rasha), da saba wa juna tsakanin tasowa al'umma da kuma iyakance ikonsa an warware wata matsala a wani sauyi hanya. Wasu manyan kasashen duniya sun hankali zo da iyaka, tsarin mulki nau'i na gwamnati.