David Hilbert: rai daga cikin manyan lissafi

David Hilbert - sanannen lissafi da kuma malamin da mafi aji, ba da sanin wata'yar wahala, mãsu haƙuri a cikin nufi, yin ishãra da kuma m, daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin lokaci. Creative ikon, rarrabe asali daga tunani, mai ban mamaki m da kuma bambancin da bukatun sanya David cikin discoverer a mafi filayen daga ainihin kimiyyar.

Gilbert David: a takaice biography

David da aka haife shi a Vela, dake kusa Königsberg (Prussia). An haife a Janairu 23, 1862, ya kasance na farko-haife daga ma'aurata - Otto da Maryamu. Gilbert ya ba yaro prodigy. alternately ajiye makasudin zuwa cikakken bincika kowane yanki na lissafi, ya warware matsalar cewa sha'awar shi. Tare da ƙarshe na m turu karatu filin daga mataki, David bar almajiransa. Yin bar cikin wani cikakken hanya, ya koya musu dace hanya kuma aka buga a nice tutorial mabiyansa. Gilbert iya ci gaba a cikin wani hanya: bayyana sabon makaranta shekara, musamman shakka a kan ba karatu su a cikin ilmin lissafi da kuma ci nasara da shi tare da kurtu dalibai. Don samun a kan wannan hanya da aka dauke a babban rabo mai girma, ko da yake a gaskiya horo a kan shi ne mai babbar kalubale.

Gilbert da kuma almajiransa

David Hilbert, wanda biography ne ban sha'awa ga halin yanzu tsara, ya m, kuma m ga ƴan ji cewa m. Idan tartsatsi ne bice, da masanin kimiyyar da ladabi shawarci su gwada kaina a cikin wani daban-daban irin aiki. Wasu Hilbert dalibai bi wurin malamin da shawara da kuma zama injiniyoyi, lissafin kimiyya da kuma ko da marubuta. A farfesa gane ba Luma sunã mãsu kasãla, kuma dauke su na baya mutane. Kamar yadda wani sosai girmamawa mutumin kimiyya, David yana da peculiarities. A dumi weather, ya zo ta ba mu lakca a wani shirt da gajeren hannayen riga da an bude kwala, wanda aka ba ya kasancẽwa wani farfesa, ko kwashe flower bouquets da yawa sha'awa. Ya iya zo a kan babur, kamar yadda idan wasu irin kyauta, kai wani akwati na taki. Duk da haka, duk da ya cheerfulness, David Hilbert ya kyawawan m mutum da kuma m iya soka waɗanda ba su dace da matsayin (da wuya siffa, inda za a iya sanya sauki, ko bayyana fairly fili ga makaranta matakin).

A farko karatu na Hilbert

Its ikon yin azãbar sciences David Hilbert, a takaice biography cewa aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, an har yanzu ji a Koenigsberg, inda sana'a na lissafi kadan karatu. Saboda haka, opted ga wani m Göttingen - site tarin Jamus lissafi, Hilbert a 1895 ya koma can da aiki cikin nasara har 1933 - tun yana zuwa ikon Adolf Hitler.

Ya laccoci Gilbert karanta sannu a hankali, ba tare da wani frills, tare da m maimaitawar domin fahimta shi duka. Har ila yau, David ko da yaushe ya ce baya abu. Hilbert ta laccoci an ko da yaushe aka tattara da yawa daga mutane: zauren iya nabitsya da dama da ɗari mutane wanda aka sanya ma a kan windowsills.

David soma nazarin aljabara, su zama daidai - tare da wani canji a ka'idar lambobi. Rahoton a kan batun shi ne dalilin da ya littafi.

Hilbert iyali

Lucky a sõyayya, David ya m a cikin iyali. Tare da matarsa Kathe suka samu tare da sosai, amma su ne kawai dan da aka haife wani dakiki. Saboda haka, Gilbert samu wani kanti a cikin sadarwar da yawa dalibai - wakilan da Turai da kuma Amurka. Masana lissafi sau da yawa shirya yin yawo da kuma shirya wani hadin gwiwa shayi jam'iyyar, a lokacin da muhawara a kan ilmin lissafi batutuwa smoothly cikin talakawa tattaunawa a kan daban-daban batutuwa. Prim Jamus furofesoshi ba su gane wannan salon sadarwa. shi ne dalĩli Davida Gilberta sanya shi na kullum, wanda aka yada a duk faɗin duniya dalibai lissafi.

Ba da da ewa algebraic ilimin lissafi moriyar koma a cikin lissafi, wato, a cikin iyaka sarari. A iyaka da maki daga cikin jerin, da rata tsakanin su da kwana tsakanin vectors gano Hilbert sarari - Euclidean kama.

Game da tanadi domin a daidai sciences

A cikin shekaru 1898-1899 David Hilbert wallafa wani littafi a kan tushe na lissafi, nan da nan ya zama bestseller. A da shi ya ba da cikakken tsarin na axioms na Euclidean lissafi, tsara su a cikin kungiyoyin, kokarin ayyana iyãkõkin kowane daga cikinsu.

Wannan nasara da ya jagoranci Hilbert da ra'ayin cewa za ka iya amfani da wani sarari tsarin na da muhimmanci axioms da ma'anar a cikin kowane daga cikin ilmin lissafi filin. A matsayin key misali da wani lissafi opted ga general ka'idar sets, kuma a da shi - a kan shahara Cantor ta maras iyaka jarrabawa. David Hilbert ya iya tabbatar da unprovable wannan jarrabawa. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1931 da wani matashi Austria Kurt Gödel aka tabbatar da cewa postulates kamar maras iyaka jarrabawa, wanda aka a matsayin daya daga cikin m Hilbert axioms na sa ka'idar, akwai a wani tsarin na axioms. Wannan sanarwa ta nuna cewa da bunkasar kimiyya ba tsaya har yanzu, kuma za ta taba daina, amma kowane lokaci za su ƙirƙira sabon axioms da ma'anar - wani abu ne da cikakkiyar saba da mutum kwakwalwa. Gilbert san wannan daga sirri gwaninta, sai ya yi farin ciki da gaske m samu na Godel.

"Ilmin Lissafi Matsaloli" Hilbert

A shekaru 38 na shekaru a Congress of Masana lissafi a birnin Paris, wanda ya kawo tare da cream na kimiyya na lokaci, Gilbert yi magana a kan "Ilmin Lissafi Matsaloli", wanda, a matsayin batun kwayoyin halitta miƙa 23 muhimmanci batutuwa. A key manufofin ilmin lissafi a wannan lokaci, Hilbert dauke rayayye tasowa filin daga kimiyya (sa ka'idar, algebraic lissafi, aikin bincike, ilmin lissafi dabaru, yawan ka'idar), kowanne daga abin da alama mafi muhimmanci ayyuka da cewa karshen karni na 20th ko dai warware ko samu hujja da ta undecidability.

A mafi muhimmanci aiki domin ilmin lissafi

Wata rana da matasa dalibai da aka tambayi Gilbert da tambaya daga abin da aiki, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin lissafi, da kuma karɓi amsar da tsufa masanin: "Kama wani gardama a kan mayar da gefe na Moon" By Hubert ya ce, wannan matsala ba, musamman ban sha'awa, amma abin da al'amurra iya bude a ta yanke shawara! Nawa shi entailed muhimmanci binciken da qirqire-qirqire na iko dabaru!

Adalcin Hilbert kalmomi da aka tabbatar da rayuwa: yana da daraja ambaton cewa sabuwar dabara na kwakwalwa ya ga nan take lissafi na hydrogen bam. Binciken kamar saukowa daga na farko mutum a kan moon, kintacen yanayin ga dukan duniya, ƙaddamar Sputnik ya zama wani irin by-samfurin mafita. Abin baƙin ciki, Gilbert yana da damar zama mai shaida na irin wannan gagarumin events.

A cikin shekaru baya, Farfesa helplessly kallo auka daga cikin makaranta na ilmin lissafi a Göttingen, daukan wuri a karkashin Nazis. Mutu David Hilbert, da lissafi, yi wani babban taimako ga kimiyya, Fabrairu 14, 1943 daga cikin sakamakon karye. A sabili da mutuwar da aka jiki immobility lissafi.